This thesis is intended to provide several new bounding techniques for channel codes over quasi-static fading channels (QSFC). This type of channel has drawn more and more attention recently with the demanding need for higher capacity and more reliable wireless communication systems. Although there have been some published results on analyzing the performance of channel codes over QSFCs, most of them produced quite loose performance upper bounds. In this thesis, the general Gallager bounding approach which provides convergent upper bounds of coded systems over QSFCs is addressed first. It is shown that previous Gallager bounds employing trivial low SNR bounds tended to be quite loose. Then improved low instantaneous SNR bounds are derived for two classes of convolutional codes including turbo codes. Consequently, they are combined with the classical Union-Chernoff bound to produce new performance upper bounds for simple convolutional and turbo codes over single-input single-output (SISO) QSFCs. The new bound provides a much improved alternative to characterizing the performance of channel codes over QSFCs over the existing ones. Next the new bounding approach is extended to cases of serially concatenated space-time block codes, which show equivalence with SISO QSFCs. Tighter performance bounds are derived for this coding scheme for two specific cases: first a convolutional code, and later a turbo code. Finally, the more challenging cases of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) QSFCs are investigated. Several performance upper bounds are derived for the bit error probability of different cases of space-time trellis codes (STTC) over QSFCs using a new and tight low SNR bound. Also included in this work is an algorithm for computing the unusual information eigenvalue spectrum of STTCs.

This thesis is intended to provide several new bounding techniques for channel codes over quasi-static fading channels (QSFC). This type of channel has drawn more and more attention recently with the demanding need for higher capacity and more reliable wireless communication systems. Although there have been some published results on analyzing the performance of channel codes over QSFCs, most of them produced quite loose performance upper bounds. In this thesis, the general Gallager bounding approach which provides convergent upper bounds of coded systems over QSFCs is addressed first. It is shown that previous Gallager bounds employing trivial low SNR bounds tended to be quite loose. Then improved low instantaneous SNR bounds are derived for two classes of convolutional codes including turbo codes. Consequently, they are combined with the classical Union-Chernoff bound to produce new performance upper bounds for simple convolutional and turbo codes over single-input single-output (SISO) QSFCs. The new bound provides a much improved alternative to characterizing the performance of channel codes over QSFCs over the existing ones. Next the new bounding approach is extended to cases of serially concatenated space-time block codes, which show equivalence with SISO QSFCs. Tighter performance bounds are derived for this coding scheme for two specific cases: first a convolutional code, and later a turbo code. Finally, the more challenging cases of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) QSFCs are investigated. Several performance upper bounds are derived for the bit error probability of different cases of space-time trellis codes (STTC) over QSFCs using a new and tight low SNR bound. Also included in this work is an algorithm for computing the unusual information eigenvalue spectrum of STTCs.

The main objective of our research is to design practical low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes which provide a wide range of code rates in a rate-compatible fashion. To this end, we first propose a rate-compatible puncturing algorithm for LDPC codes at short block lengths (up to several thousand symbols). The proposed algorithm is based on the claim that a punctured LDPC code with a smaller level of recoverability has better performance. The proposed algorithm is verified by comparing performance of intentionally punctured LDPC codes (using the proposed algorithm) with randomly punctured LDPC codes. The intentionally punctured LDPC codes show better bit error rate (BER) performances at practically short block lengths. Even though the proposed puncturing algorithm shows excellent performance, several problems are still remained for our research objective. First, how to design an LDPC code of which structure is well suited for the puncturing algorithm. Second, how to provide a wide range of rates since there is a puncturing limitation with the proposed puncturing algorithm. To attack these problems, we propose a new class of LDPC codes, called efficiently-encodable rate-compatible (E2RC) codes, in which the proposed puncturing algorithm concept is imbedded. The E2RC codes have several strong points. First, the codes can be efficiently encoded. We present low-complexity encoder implementation with shift-register circuits. In addition, we show that a simple erasure decoder can also be used for the linear-time encoding of these codes. Thus, we can share a message-passing decoder for both encoding and decoding in transceiver systems that require an encoder/decoder pair. Second, we show that the non-systematic parts of the parity-check matrix are cycle-free, which ensures good code characteristics. Finally, the E2RC codes having a systematic rate-compatible puncturing structure show better puncturing performance than any other LDPC codes in all ranges of code rates. The throughput performance of incremental redundancy (IR) hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) systems highly depends on the performance of high-rate codes. Since the E2RC codes show excellent puncturing performance in all ranges of code rates, especially at high puncturing rate, we verify that E2RC codes outperform in throughput than other LDPC codes in IR-HARQ systems.

Les codes source-canal conjoints sont des codes réalisant simultanément une compression de données et une protection du train binaire généré par rapport à d’éventuelles erreurs de transmission. Ces codes sont non-linéaires, comme la plupart des codes de source. Leur intérêt potentiel est d’offrir de bonnes performances en termes de compression et de correction d’erreur pour des longueurs de codes réduites.La performance d’un code de source se mesure par la différence entre l’entropie de la source à compresser et le nombre moyen de bits nécessaire pour coder un symbole de cette source. La performance d’un code de canal se mesure par la distance minimale entre mots de codes ou entre suite de mots de codes, et plus généralement à l’aide du spectre des distances. Les codes classiques disposent d’outils pour évaluer efficacement ces critères de performance. Par ailleurs, la synthèse de bons codes de source ou de bons codes de canal est un domaine largement exploré depuis les travaux de Shannon. Par contre des outils analogues pour des codes source-canal conjoints, tant pour l’évaluation de performance que pour la synthèse de bons codes restaient à développer, même si certaines propositions ont déjà été faites dans le passé.Cette thèse s’intéresse à la famille des codes source-canal conjoints pouvant être décrits par des automates possédant un nombre fini d’états. Les codes quasi-arithmétiques correcteurs d’erreurs et les codes à longueurs variables correcteurs d’erreurs font partie de cette famille. La manière dont un automate peut être obtenu pour un code donné est rappelée.A partir d’un automate, il est possible de construire un graphe produit permettant de décrire toutes les paires de chemins divergeant d'un même état et convergeant vers un autre état. Nous avons montré que grâce à l’algorithme de Dijkstra, il est alors possible d’évaluer la distance libre d’un code conjoint avec une complexité polynomiale.Pour les codes à longueurs variables correcteurs d’erreurs, nous avons proposé des bornes supplémentaires, faciles à évaluer. Ces bornes constituent des extensions des bornes de Plotkin et de Heller aux codes à longueurs variables. Des bornes peuvent également être déduites du graphe produit associé à un code dont seule une partie des mots de codes a été spécifiée.Ces outils pour borner ou évaluer exactement la distance libre d’un code conjoint permettent de réaliser la synthèse de codes ayant des bonnes propriétés de distance pour une redondance donnée ou minimisant la redondance pour une distance libre donnée.Notre approche consiste à organiser la recherche de bons codes source-canal conjoints à l’aide d’arbres. La racine de l’arbre correspond à un code dont aucun bit n’est spécifié, les feuilles à des codes dont tous les bits sont spécifiés, et les nœuds intermédiaires à des codes partiellement spécifiés. Lors d’un déplacement de la racine vers les feuilles de l’arbre, les bornes supérieures sur la distance libre décroissent, tandis que les bornes inférieures croissent. Ceci permet d’appliquer un algorithme de type branch-and-prune pour trouver le code avec la plus grande distance libre, sans avoir à explorer tout l’arbre contenant les codes. L'approche proposée a permis la construction de codes conjoints pour les lettres de l'alphabet. Comparé à un schéma tandem équivalent (code de source suivi d'un code convolutif), les codes obtenus ont des performances comparables (taux de codage, distance libre) tout en étant moins complexes en termes de nombre d’état du décodeur.Plusieurs extensions de ces travaux sont en cours : 1) synthèse de codes à longueurs variables correcteurs d’erreurs formalisé comme un problème de programmation linéaire mixte sur les entiers ; 2) exploration à l’aide d’un algorithme de type A* de l’espace des codes de à longueurs variables correcteur d’erreurs. / Joint source-channel codes are codes simultaneously providing data compression and protection of the generated bitstream from transmission errors. These codes are non-linear, as most source codes. Their potential is to offer good performance in terms of compression and error-correction for reduced code lengths.The performance of a source code is measured by the difference between the entropy of the source to be compressed and the average number of bits needed to encode a symbol of this source. The performance of a channel code is measured by the minimum distance between codewords or sequences of codewords, and more generally with the distance spectrum. The classic codes have tools to effectively evaluate these performance criteria. Furthermore, the design of good source codes or good channel codes is a largely explored since the work of Shannon. But, similar tools for joint source-channel codes, for performances evaluation or for design good codes remained to develop, although some proposals have been made in the past.This thesis focuses on the family of joint source-channel codes that can be described by automata with a finite number of states. Error-correcting quasi-arithmetic codes and error-correcting variable-length codes are part of this family. The way to construct an automaton for a given code is recalled.From an automaton, it is possible to construct a product graph for describing all pairs of paths diverging from some state and converging to the same or another state. We have shown that, using Dijkstra's algorithm, it is possible to evaluate the free distance of a joint code with polynomial complexity. For errors-correcting variable-length codes, we proposed additional bounds that are easy to evaluate. These bounds are extensions of Plotkin and Heller bounds to variable-length codes. Bounds can also be deduced from the product graph associated to a code, in which only a part of code words is specified.These tools to accurately assess or bound the free distance of a joint code allow the design of codes with good distance properties for a given redundancy or minimizing redundancy for a given free distance. Our approach is to organize the search for good joint source-channel codes with trees. The root of the tree corresponds to a code in which no bit is specified, the leaves of codes in which all bits are specified, and the intermediate nodes to partially specified codes. When moving from the root to the leaves of the tree, the upper bound on the free distance decreases, while the lower bound grows. This allows application of an algorithm such as branch-and-prune for finding the code with the largest free distance, without having to explore the whole tree containing the codes.The proposed approach has allowed the construction of joint codes for the letters of the alphabet. Compared to an equivalent tandem scheme (source code followed by a convolutional code), the codes obtained have comparable performance (rate coding, free distance) while being less complex in terms of the number of states of the decoder. Several extensions of this work are in progress: 1) synthesis of error-correcting variable-length codes formalized as a mixed linear programming problem on integers, 2) Explore the search space of error-correcting variable-length codes using an algorithm such as A* algorithm.

The main subject of this thesis is creating a programme, used for channel coding demonstration. This programme will be used for teaching purposes. The programme contains various codes from simple ones, to those which almost reach Shanon’s channel capacity theorem. Specifically these are the Hamming code, cyclic code, convolutional code and LDPC code. These functions are based on theoretical background described in this thesis and have been programed in Matlab. Practical output of this thesis is user interface, where the user is able to input information word, simulate transmission through the transmission channel and observe coding and decoding for each code. This thesis also contains a comparison between individual codes, concerning bit-error rate depending on SNR and various parameters. There is a computer lab with theoretical background, assignment and sheets for convenient accomplishment of each task.

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