This thesis uses data from a real-world distributed system to develop a model for realistic load tests, and analyzes the results of several different workload scenarios on a test deployment. The research focused on characterizing the workload of the real-world Pretio system using logs captured from the production deployment, modelling a workload from those logs, and analyzing the impact on a test deployment of the system of a series of scenarios providing different parameters to the model. The results were evaluated by testing the response time distributions across multiple test runs for statistical similarity. / Graduate

The objective of this Master's Thesis being submitted is to characterize and subsequently find approach for evaluation of propagation in the chosen company Výstaviště České Budějovice a.s. in the year 2005. The used method for evaluation effectiveness of promotion compares costs of particular promotional activities per one visitor with average visitor{\crq}s value. Suggestions and recommendations are submitted at the end of the Thesis aiming at system solving of the problem of financial effectiveness of the join stock company Výstaviště České Budějovice and demonstrating that the field of promotion markedly participates in overall economy of the company.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a caracterização mecânica, microestrutural e inspeção fratográfica do compósito de matriz de alumínio Al-1100 reforçado com partículas de carbeto de silício-SiC (40 μm) fabricados por meio de laminação acumulativa (ARB- do inglês Accumulative Roll Bonding), assim como, para efeito comparativo, foram estudados o Al-1100 processado por ARB sem adição de partículas e Al-1100 como recebido. Ensaio de desgaste microadesivo com esfera fixa e ensaio de tração unidirecional quase estático que foram realizados em amostras sem entalhes e em amostras contendo diferentes geometrias de entalhe. Microscopia óptica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura nos modos: elétrons secundários, elétrons retroespalhados, espectroscopia de energia dispersiva por raios-X e difração de elétrons retroespalhados, difração de raios-X e microtomografia computadorizada foram utilizados para caracterizar as amostras. Os resultados obtidos mostraram êxito da incorporação de partículas de SiC na matriz de Alumínio por meio do processo ARB. Houve ganhos relevantes na resistência máxima à tração, na rigidez e na deformação máxima no momento da ruptura, devido à incorporação de SiCp. Essas propriedades foram bastante influenciadas na presença de concentradores de tensão (entalhes). A resistência ao desgaste do compósito foi excepcionalmente incrementada comparativamente aos demais materiais. Todos os resultados foram corroborados pelas análises microetrutural e fratográficas. / The present study aims to characterize mechanical, microstructural and through fractographic inspection laminates Al-1100 aluminum matrix composite reinforced with silicon carbide particles, SiCp (40 μm), manufactured by accumulative roll bonding (ARB), as well as, for comparative effect, were studied Al-1100 processed by ARB without the addition of particles and Al-1100 received. Micro-adhesive wear test with fixed ball and test almost static unidirectional traction were performed on samples without scoring, and in samples containing different geometries notches. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy modes: secondary electrons, backscattered electrons, energy dispersive X-ray and electron backscatter diffraction, X-ray diffraction and computed microtomography, these were used to characterize the samples. The results indicated successful incorporation of SiC particles in the aluminum matrix by ARB process. There have been significant gains in maximum tensile strength, stiffness and maximum deformation at the time of rupture, due to incorporation of SiCp. These properties were strongly influenced in the presence of stress concentrators (notches). The resistance of the composite wear was exceptionally increased compared to Al-1100 ARB. All results were corroborated by microstructural and fractographics analysis.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a caracterização mecânica, microestrutural e inspeção fratográfica do compósito de matriz de alumínio Al-1100 reforçado com partículas de carbeto de silício-SiC (40 μm) fabricados por meio de laminação acumulativa (ARB- do inglês Accumulative Roll Bonding), assim como, para efeito comparativo, foram estudados o Al-1100 processado por ARB sem adição de partículas e Al-1100 como recebido. Ensaio de desgaste microadesivo com esfera fixa e ensaio de tração unidirecional quase estático que foram realizados em amostras sem entalhes e em amostras contendo diferentes geometrias de entalhe. Microscopia óptica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura nos modos: elétrons secundários, elétrons retroespalhados, espectroscopia de energia dispersiva por raios-X e difração de elétrons retroespalhados, difração de raios-X e microtomografia computadorizada foram utilizados para caracterizar as amostras. Os resultados obtidos mostraram êxito da incorporação de partículas de SiC na matriz de Alumínio por meio do processo ARB. Houve ganhos relevantes na resistência máxima à tração, na rigidez e na deformação máxima no momento da ruptura, devido à incorporação de SiCp. Essas propriedades foram bastante influenciadas na presença de concentradores de tensão (entalhes). A resistência ao desgaste do compósito foi excepcionalmente incrementada comparativamente aos demais materiais. Todos os resultados foram corroborados pelas análises microetrutural e fratográficas. / The present study aims to characterize mechanical, microstructural and through fractographic inspection laminates Al-1100 aluminum matrix composite reinforced with silicon carbide particles, SiCp (40 μm), manufactured by accumulative roll bonding (ARB), as well as, for comparative effect, were studied Al-1100 processed by ARB without the addition of particles and Al-1100 received. Micro-adhesive wear test with fixed ball and test almost static unidirectional traction were performed on samples without scoring, and in samples containing different geometries notches. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy modes: secondary electrons, backscattered electrons, energy dispersive X-ray and electron backscatter diffraction, X-ray diffraction and computed microtomography, these were used to characterize the samples. The results indicated successful incorporation of SiC particles in the aluminum matrix by ARB process. There have been significant gains in maximum tensile strength, stiffness and maximum deformation at the time of rupture, due to incorporation of SiCp. These properties were strongly influenced in the presence of stress concentrators (notches). The resistance of the composite wear was exceptionally increased compared to Al-1100 ARB. All results were corroborated by microstructural and fractographics analysis.

<p>Problem: On the basis of the franchisees role and how he look up on his role in his business, should one like the Swedish Law applies characterize the franchisees role as the role of a contractor?</p><p>Purpose: The purpose with this research is too survey the franchisee in his business and how he looks upon his role as a franchisee and see if this like the Swedish Law states be characterized as the role of a contractor.</p><p>Methodology: By doing a proportional stratified selection within the the Swedish Franchising community, nine semi structured interviews has been made. The empirical foundation of these interviews has been concentrated and analysed with the support of the chosen theories. The result of the analysis has created the conclusion.</p><p>Theoretical perspectives: The research is built up of three angels of approach; the role, the business and the economy within the franchisee and the contractor. The three approaches aim too illustrate the role of the franchisee, the franchisees role in the business and the economical effects in franchising. The approaches that are being used is not theories but models of standards.</p><p>Empirical foundation: The empirical foundation of the study is consisting of the answers of the nine franchisees. They have been contracted to Gallerix, MakeUpStore, SpecsaversBlic, Subway och 7 – Eleven.</p><p>Analysis / Result:</p><p>The study lead to an extension of the chosen theories. Similarities and differences has been identified and analysed. These are the base and the ground for the conclusion.</p><p>Conclusion: The franchisee should not be named contractor like the Swedish Law applies with the focus on the role, business and economy.</p> / <p>Problem: Utifrån franchisetagares roll och hur denne ser på sin roll i sin affärsverksamhet, bör man som i juridisk aspekt karaktärisera franchisetagarens roll som den av en egenföretagares eller är denna roll av annan karaktär?</p><p>Syfte: Syftet med studien är att kartlägga franchisetagaren i sin affärsverksamhet samt hur de själva ser på sin roll och om denna roll kan likt juridiska aspekter karaktäriseras som egenföretagare.</p><p>Metod: Genom ett proportionellt stratifierat urval via Svenska Franchiseföreningen har det genomförts nio stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer. Den framkomna empirin har sedan sammanställts och analyserats med stöd av den valda teorin. Resultatet av analysen har slutligen mynnat ut i slutsatsen för studien.</p><p>Teori: Undersökningen är uppbyggd kring tre infallsvinklar som ser till rollen, verksamheten och ekonomin hos franchisetagaren och egenföretagaren. De tre infallsvinklarna belyser rollen franchisetagare, franchisetagarens roll i verksamheten och den ekonomiska effekten kring franchise. De infallsvinklar som används är inga teorier utan modeller för vardera område.</p><p>Empiri: Studiens empiri är en sammanställning från de nio intervjuer som genomförts, de intervjuade har varit franchisetagare till Gallerix, MakeUpStore, SpecsaversBlic, Subway och 7 – Eleven.</p><p>Analys/Resultat: Studien har lett fram till en utvidgning av de valda teorierna. Likheter och skillnader har identifierats och behandlats. Dessa har sedan lagt grund för slutsatsen.</p><p>Slutsats: Franchisetagare bör inte benämnas egenföretagare likt juridisk mening med avseende på rollen, verksamheten och ekonomin.</p>

Problem: On the basis of the franchisees role and how he look up on his role in his business, should one like the Swedish Law applies characterize the franchisees role as the role of a contractor? Purpose: The purpose with this research is too survey the franchisee in his business and how he looks upon his role as a franchisee and see if this like the Swedish Law states be characterized as the role of a contractor. Methodology: By doing a proportional stratified selection within the the Swedish Franchising community, nine semi structured interviews has been made. The empirical foundation of these interviews has been concentrated and analysed with the support of the chosen theories. The result of the analysis has created the conclusion. Theoretical perspectives: The research is built up of three angels of approach; the role, the business and the economy within the franchisee and the contractor. The three approaches aim too illustrate the role of the franchisee, the franchisees role in the business and the economical effects in franchising. The approaches that are being used is not theories but models of standards. Empirical foundation: The empirical foundation of the study is consisting of the answers of the nine franchisees. They have been contracted to Gallerix, MakeUpStore, SpecsaversBlic, Subway och 7 – Eleven. Analysis / Result: The study lead to an extension of the chosen theories. Similarities and differences has been identified and analysed. These are the base and the ground for the conclusion. Conclusion: The franchisee should not be named contractor like the Swedish Law applies with the focus on the role, business and economy. / Problem: Utifrån franchisetagares roll och hur denne ser på sin roll i sin affärsverksamhet, bör man som i juridisk aspekt karaktärisera franchisetagarens roll som den av en egenföretagares eller är denna roll av annan karaktär? Syfte: Syftet med studien är att kartlägga franchisetagaren i sin affärsverksamhet samt hur de själva ser på sin roll och om denna roll kan likt juridiska aspekter karaktäriseras som egenföretagare. Metod: Genom ett proportionellt stratifierat urval via Svenska Franchiseföreningen har det genomförts nio stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer. Den framkomna empirin har sedan sammanställts och analyserats med stöd av den valda teorin. Resultatet av analysen har slutligen mynnat ut i slutsatsen för studien. Teori: Undersökningen är uppbyggd kring tre infallsvinklar som ser till rollen, verksamheten och ekonomin hos franchisetagaren och egenföretagaren. De tre infallsvinklarna belyser rollen franchisetagare, franchisetagarens roll i verksamheten och den ekonomiska effekten kring franchise. De infallsvinklar som används är inga teorier utan modeller för vardera område. Empiri: Studiens empiri är en sammanställning från de nio intervjuer som genomförts, de intervjuade har varit franchisetagare till Gallerix, MakeUpStore, SpecsaversBlic, Subway och 7 – Eleven. Analys/Resultat: Studien har lett fram till en utvidgning av de valda teorierna. Likheter och skillnader har identifierats och behandlats. Dessa har sedan lagt grund för slutsatsen. Slutsats: Franchisetagare bör inte benämnas egenföretagare likt juridisk mening med avseende på rollen, verksamheten och ekonomin.

No description available.

No description available.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Pouco se sabe a respeito das consequências da operação de reparo nas propriedades mecânicas e metalúrgicas das juntas do aço ASTM A335 grau P91 soldadas por Arame Tubular. Neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo para analisar e caracterizar juntas de um tubo do aço P91 soldadas pelo processo Arame Tubular com proteção gasosa, antes e após situação de duplo reparo. Foram utilizadas técnicas de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), análise química semiquantitativa por EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy), microscopia óptica (MO), além da obtenção de medidas de microdureza Vickers e realização de ensaios de impacto e tração à temperatura ambiente. A macrografia revelou a existência de uma nova zona termicamente afetada formada no centro da junta reparada e a análise micrográfica mostrou que esta zona apresentou uma pequena tendência a formação de grãos menores do que na zona de fusão que sofreu reparo, além disso, a região tinha grãos colunares que não são característicos de uma zona termicamente afetada e quantidade de carbonetos menor comparativamente. Não houve variações significativas nos valores de tração e microdureza. Os ensaios de impacto revelaram baixos valores de energia absorvida na zona de fusão do 2 reparo, no entanto, todas as outras zonas avaliadas das juntas com e sem reparo apresentaram valores dentro das especificações. / Little is known about the consequences of the repair operation on the mechanical and metallurgical properties of ASTM A335 grade P91 steel joints welded by Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW). In this work, a study was made to analyze and characterize joints of P91 steel tube, welded by FCAW with shielding gas, before and after double repair situation. Techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), chemical analysis by semi-quantitative EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) and optical microscopy (OM) were used, in addition, Vickers microhardness measurements, impact and tensile tests at room temperature, were carried out. The macrography revealed the existence of a new heat affected zone formed in the center of the repaired joint and the micrographic analysis showed that this zone has a tendency to formation of smaller grains compared to the repaired fusion zone, furthermore, the region has columnar grains which are not characteristics of a heat affected zone and comparatively lesser amounts of carbides. There were no significant variations in the tensile and hardness values. Impact tests showed low values of absorbed energy in the fusion zone of the second repair; however, all other evaluated zones, with and without repair, had values within specifications.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Pouco se sabe a respeito das consequências da operação de reparo nas propriedades mecânicas e metalúrgicas das juntas do aço ASTM A335 grau P91 soldadas por Arame Tubular. Neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo para analisar e caracterizar juntas de um tubo do aço P91 soldadas pelo processo Arame Tubular com proteção gasosa, antes e após situação de duplo reparo. Foram utilizadas técnicas de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), análise química semiquantitativa por EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy), microscopia óptica (MO), além da obtenção de medidas de microdureza Vickers e realização de ensaios de impacto e tração à temperatura ambiente. A macrografia revelou a existência de uma nova zona termicamente afetada formada no centro da junta reparada e a análise micrográfica mostrou que esta zona apresentou uma pequena tendência a formação de grãos menores do que na zona de fusão que sofreu reparo, além disso, a região tinha grãos colunares que não são característicos de uma zona termicamente afetada e quantidade de carbonetos menor comparativamente. Não houve variações significativas nos valores de tração e microdureza. Os ensaios de impacto revelaram baixos valores de energia absorvida na zona de fusão do 2 reparo, no entanto, todas as outras zonas avaliadas das juntas com e sem reparo apresentaram valores dentro das especificações. / Little is known about the consequences of the repair operation on the mechanical and metallurgical properties of ASTM A335 grade P91 steel joints welded by Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW). In this work, a study was made to analyze and characterize joints of P91 steel tube, welded by FCAW with shielding gas, before and after double repair situation. Techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), chemical analysis by semi-quantitative EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) and optical microscopy (OM) were used, in addition, Vickers microhardness measurements, impact and tensile tests at room temperature, were carried out. The macrography revealed the existence of a new heat affected zone formed in the center of the repaired joint and the micrographic analysis showed that this zone has a tendency to formation of smaller grains compared to the repaired fusion zone, furthermore, the region has columnar grains which are not characteristics of a heat affected zone and comparatively lesser amounts of carbides. There were no significant variations in the tensile and hardness values. Impact tests showed low values of absorbed energy in the fusion zone of the second repair; however, all other evaluated zones, with and without repair, had values within specifications.