Submitted by MARCIA ROVADOSCHI (marciar@unifra.br) on 2018-08-16T20:28:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_FabioBonorinoVieira.pdf: 1042169 bytes, checksum: 9005bc8a7b7f41c4b1a750f6f427938e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T20:28:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_FabioBonorinoVieira.pdf: 1042169 bytes, checksum: 9005bc8a7b7f41c4b1a750f6f427938e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-31 / Due to their favorable properties as chemical stability, corrosion resistance, mechanical properties and biocompatibility, titanium and his alloys have been used for the manufacture of implants and prostheses for biomedical purposes. The stability of these metals and alloys is obtained due to a passivation layer of biocompatible titanium dioxide, naturally formed on the surface. In this work, titanium was anodized using potentiodynamic techniques forming a duplex with a film barrier back sheet type with a structure of type nanotubes on top. This film aims to metal passivation or alloy and enhance the characteristics of the material forward to interactions with the physiological environment. Although this oxide film is considered as a protective intermediate layer between the host tissue and the implant, it is considered the defense system a foreign body, and being very thin (only a few nanometers) and unstable under the action of body fluids. The current corrosion of metals and alloy with oxide coating in Ringer's solution increases towards Ti> Nb> Alloy 46.5% m / m Ti. The polished Nb shows high via cell viability and low genotoxicity. The anodized materials exhibit cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. / Devido suas propriedades favoráveis como estabilidade química, resistência à corrosão, propriedades mecânicas e biocompatibilidade, o titânio e suas ligas vem sendo utilizados para a fabricação de próteses e implantes para fins biomédicos. A estabilidade destes metais e ligas é obtida devido a uma camada de passivação biocompatível de dióxido de titânio, formada naturalmente sobre a superfície. Neste trabalho, o titânio foi anodizado utilizando técnicas potenciodinâmicas formando um filme do tipo duplex com uma camada inferior do tipo barreira com uma estrutura do tipo nanotubos na parte superior. Este filme tem como objetivo a passivação do metal ou da liga e potencializar as características dos materiais frente às interações com o meio fisiológico. Embora esse filme de óxido seja considerado como uma camada intermediária protetora entre os tecidos hospedeiros e o implante, ele é considerado pelo sistema imune, um corpo estranho, e sendo muito fino (apenas alguns nanômetros) e instável sob a ação dos fluidos corporais. A corrente de corrosão dos metais e da liga com o recobrimento de óxido em solução de Ringer aumenta no sentido Ti> Nb> liga 46,5 % m/m Ti. O Nb polido apresenta alta viabilidade celular e baixa genotoxidade. Os materiais anodizados apresentam citotoxidade e genotoxidade.

O milho roxo (Zea mays L.), cultura tradicional da região Andina, é conhecido por apresentar alto conteúdo de antocianinas. As antocianinas apresentam diversas propriedades biológicas demonstradas em estudos in vitro e in vivo; entre elas, alto poder antioxidante, atividade anti-inflamatória e quimiopreventiva; entretanto são compostos que se degradam facilmente. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi obter um extrato aquoso rico em antocianinas, a partir do milho roxo, e estudar a estabilidade química das antocianinas presentes frente ao pH e temperatura. Inicialmente o milho roxo comercial, utilizado como matéria prima, foi caracterizado por CLAE-DAD-ESI-MS/MS por apresentar cinco derivados de cianidina, três derivados de peonidina, três derivados de pelargonidina, dois derivados de quercetina e dois derivados de isoramnetina, com presença de acilação nas antocianinas. O teor de antocianinas totais foi de 4,61 mg/g, sendo 3,16 mg cianidina 3-glucosídeo eq./g, 0,63 mg pelargonidina/g e 0,81 mg peonidina/g, além de 1,19 mg quercetina/g e 1,06 mg ácido protocatecúico/g. Para a otimização da obtenção do extrato aquoso e estudo de degradação térmica das antocianinas, foi realizado o delineamento experimental para análise de superfície de resposta. Um delineamento fatorial 33 (15 ensaios com 3 repetições do ponto central) foi aplicado para avaliar o efeito de três fatores,em três níveis, para a obtenção do extrato aquoso. Os fatores incluídos foram temperatura (70ºC, 95ºC e 120ºC), tempo de extração (10, 50 e 90 min) e pH da solução (3,0, 5,0 e 7,0). Foram avaliadas três respostas: teor de antocianinas monoméricas, teor de ácido protocatecúico e capacidade antioxidante, os quais foram encontrados: (a) para antocianinas monoméricas, a melhor condição de extração foi obtida no menor valor de pH (3,0) e tempo (10 min), com temperatura intermediária (95ºC); (b) para o ácido protocatecúico, a melhor concentração foi obtida em condições de maior valor de pH (7,0) e tempo (90 min), ou seja, oposto à condição anterior, com temperatura intermediária (95ºC); (c) para a capacidade antioxidante, a melhor condição foi obtida quando preparou-se o extrato no ponto central dos níveis (pH 5,0), tempo 50 min e temperatura (95ºC). Os modelos referentes às respostas de teor antocianinas monoméricas e teor de ácido protocatecúico foram validados, apresentando valores 40,30 mg cianidina 3-glucosídeo eq./L e 0,57 mg/100 mL, respectivamente. Os flavonoides identificados no extrato aquoso de milho roxo foram semelhantes à composição do milho roxo comercial, entretanto, com considerável degradação de derivados de cianidina e peonidina, principalmente aciladas, a ácido protocatecúico e ácido vanílico, respectivamente. Assim, os resultados sugerem que um extrato aquoso de milho roxo rico em antocianinas é obtido em condições de extração de menor valor de pH, onde as antocianinas estão em sua forma mais estável. Porém, quando esse extrato aquoso é exposto a maiores valores de pH e/ou alta temperatura, pode ocorrer degradação das antocianinas presentes aos seus respectivos ácidos fenólicos. / Purple corn (Zea mays L.), traditional culture of the Andean region, is known for its high content of anthocyanins. Anthocyanins exhibit several biological properties demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo, among them, high antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive activities, however they are unstable. The objective of this study was to obtain an aqueous extract rich in anthocyanins from purple corn and study the chemical stability of anthocyanins. Initially commercial purple corn, used as raw material, was characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS by presenting five cyanidin derivatives, three peonidin derivatives, three pelargonidin derivatives, two quercetin derivatives and two isorhamnetin derivatives, with acylation in some anthocyanins. The anthocyanin content was 4.61 mg/g, which 3.16 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside eq./g, 0.63 mg pelargonidin/g and 0.81 mg peonidin/g, in addition 1.19 mg quercetin/g and 1.06 mg protocatechuic acid/g. To optimize the aqueous extract and study thermal degradation of anthocyanins, an experimental design was performed for response surface analysis. A 33 factorial design (15 trials with 3 replicates of the center point) was applied to evaluate the effect of three factors at three levels, to obtain the aqueous extract. The factors included were temperature (70°C, 95°C and 120°C), extraction times (10, 50 and 90 min) and pH solution (3.0, 5.0 and 7.0). Three variables were evaluated: monomeric anthocyanin content, protocatechuic acid content and antioxidant capacity, which were found: (a) for monomeric anthocyanins content, the best extraction condition was obtained at lower pH (3.0) and time (10 min), and intermediate temperature (95°C); (b) for protocatechuic acid content, the optimal concentration was obtained under higher pH (7.0) and time (90 min), opposite to the previous condition, with intermediate temperature (95°C); (c) for antioxidante capacity, the best condition was obtained when the extract was prepared at the midpoint of levels pH 5.0, time 50 min and 95°C. The mathematicals models concerting monomeric anthocyanins content and protocatechuic acid content has been validated, with values of 40.30 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside eq./L and 0.57 mg/100 mL, respectively. The flavonoids profile in the aqueous extract of purple corn were similar to the composition of commercial purple corn, however, with considerable degradation of cyanidin and peonidin derivatives, mainly acylated form, to protocatechuic acid and vanillic acid, respectively. Therefore, the results suggests that an aqueous extract of purple corn rich in anthocyanins can be obtained at lower pH, where the anthocyanins are in their most stable form. However, when the aqueous extract is exposed to higher pH and/or high temperature, anthocyanins degradation may occur to their respective phenolic acids.

The aim of this diploma thesis was the study of relation between chemical and thermal stability of complexes of humic acids with heavy metals, namely nickel, cobalt and copper. Complexes were prepared with metal solutions of three different initial concentrations. Through UV-VIS spectrophotometry were determined adsorbed amounts of incorporated metal ions in the structure of humic acid; it was affirmed that amount of bounded metal ions increases with increasing initial concentration. Chemical stability was determined as an amount of released metal ions, two of extraction agents were used (solution of MgCl2 and HCl), total bounded amount was distribute into three different fractions; residual fraction, strongly bound fraction and mobile and ion-exchangeable fraction. Changes that occured in the structure of humic acids after complexation and extraction were investigated by FT-IR spectrometry. Thermo-oxidative stability was tested through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry. The results of this diploma thesis has showed comparision of complexes of two different humic acids. They have confirmed an impact of each metal ion on thermo-oxidative stability of humic acids. The relation between chemical and thermal stability was compared through correlation of data obtained by these methods.

Pharmaceutical solids tend to exist in different physical forms termed as polymorphs. Issues about pharmaceutical systems are mainly concerned with the active ingredient's physico-chemical stability and bioavailability. The main aim of this study is to investigate the non-bonded interactions in pharmaceutical solids that govern the physical pharmaceutics performance of such materials and through the use of structural techniques and correlation of these results with crystal structural database to establish the presence of physical motifs in selected systems. Structural motifs were identified by the use of single crystal and crystal packing analysis on diverse range of pharma-relevant materials including chalcones, cryptolepines, biguanides and xanthines. These selected systems were validated using functional group and molecular analysis and correlating them to the Cambridge Structural Database. Crystallization studies are done on these selected systems as well as exploiting those using synthetic analogues. A total of 51 crystal structures were investigated including 16 new structure determinations. Addition synthesis of new xanthines to investigate novel intermolecular patterns was also undertaken. The understanding and exploitation of intermolecular interactions involving hydrogen bonds and coordination complexation during packing can be used in the design and synthesis of solid state molecular structures with desired physical and chemical properties.

Thermal stability is an important and interesting physical property of proteins. A common method to study it by is circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The aim of this study was to test methods to improve thermal stability analysis by CD spectroscopy. Experiments were performed using the Abp1p SH3 domain from yeast as a model protein. Thermal denaturation was monitored at multiple wavelengths. It was concluded that for data sets of reasonable quality the choice of wavelength does not affect the results. An approach to estimate stability of thermophilic proteins was tested where thermal stability was measured at different concentrations of the denaturant GuHCl. The thermochemical data was used to estimate the stability in absence of GuHCl by extrapolation. The results were compared to those obtained from CD spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that a stabilizing effect from low concentrations of GuHCl complicated the extrapolation. It is likely that this method is more successful if there is no stabilizing effect. The effect of ΔCp in stability parameter calculations was investigated with an experimentally and theoretically determined ΔCp. This was further investigated with synthetic data sets. The ΔCp used in calculations had no notable effect, as long as there was no cold denaturation. Although ΔCp is not necessary in calculations, it is an interesting parameter itself. ΔCp can be calculated from the thermochemical data used for extrapolation. The results in this study demonstrate robustness in thermal stability analysis by CD spectroscopy and a potential for development.

Dans le cadre du dragage de Port-Camargue (projet national ECODREDGE-MED), l'objectif principal des travaux de thèse a été d'étudier la re-sédimentation des sédiments ré-immergés et d'appréhender les transferts de matière (particulaires et moléculaires) associés. Une approche expérimentale de caractérisation a été réalisée pour appréhender ces phénomènes, aux échelles macroscopiques (mécanismes de sédimentation), mésoscopiques (transferts de matière particulaires) et moléculaires (phénomènes de sorption). Les travaux ont porté sur l'étude de cinq sédiments et de leurs fractions granulométriques. Une méthode de séparation granulaire a donc été développée et optimisée en ce sens, soulignant l'importance de vérifier la qualité de la séparation lorsque les développements portent sur les fractions granulaires. L'approche morpho-granulaire utilisée dans la caractérisation de ces systèmes a permis, dans un premier temps, de mettre en évidence le comportement cohésif des sédiments et d'identifier différents types d'agglomérats. Elle a ensuite été utilisée pour proposer une méthode de classification simple et rapide des sédiments, basée essentiellement sur la détermination, par granulométrie laser, du rapport volumique limon/sable.En second lieu, le comportement à la re-sédimentation a été appréhendé en étudiant la stabilité physico-chimique des particules dans la colonne de sédimentation grâce à un analyseur de suspensions concentrées, le Turbiscan MA2000. Cette stratégie apporte de nouvelles connaissances, notamment sur les mécanismes de sédimentation et l'impact de certains paramètres comme le rapport limon/sable, la salinité ou la fraction volumique sur ces mécanismes. Combinée à l'analyse du Carbone Organique Total (COT), des transferts de matière ont été identifiés dans la colonne de sédimentation, via les phénomènes interparticulaires (agglomération/dispersion) et les phénomènes de sorption (adsorption/désorption). / In the framework of Port-Camargue dredge (ECODREDGE-MED project), the main objective was to study the dredged sediment re-sedimentation and matter transfers (particular and molecular matter). An experimental characterization approach was realized in order to study these phenomena working at different scales : macroscopic (sedimentation mechanisms), mesoscopic (particular matter mobilization) and molecular (sorption phenomena). These research works focused on study of five sediments and their granular fractions. A dispersion granular method was developed and highlighted the importance to verify dispersion quality of processes concerning study of granular fractions. Morpho-granular approach used in theses works permitted to highlight cohesive aspect of sediments and to identify different agglomerate types. This approach was also used to propose a classification method of sediments, based on limon/sand ratio determination by laser granulometry.Secondly, re-sedimentation behavior was investigated studying physico-chemical stability of particles in the water column with a suspension analyszer (Turbiscan MA2000). The results contributed knowledge on sedimentation mechanisms and parameter (limon/sand ratio, salinity and volume fraction) influence. With the use of TOC analyze (Total Organic Carbone), matter transfers were identified in water column, via interparticular phenomena (agglomeration/dispersion) and sorption phenomena (adsorption/désorption).

The control of chronic pain in equines is growing up recent years in function of the highest performance required of the animals in the different sportive modalities and the new look for methodologies of combat to animal maltreatment. It is cited even, the economic potentialities in the economic chain of the equine breeding to stimulation of the development of new technologies and products. In attendance to these rules, the work presented here brings the evaluation of the effectiveness and clinical security of a injectable neurolytic formulation for perineural use in equines. This type of drug is not yet available in Brazilian market. The Injectable Neurolytic Suspension (SNI) was formulated with ethanol, triamcinolone and bupivacaine, aiming at to use to advantage the neurolytic effect of ethanol, with no collateral inflammatory reactions and painful in local injection. The evaluation of chemical stability was carried through the evaluation of the loss of weight of the samples, variation of pH, time of sedimentation after the agitation and development of chromatographic method for identification and simultaneous determination of bupivacaine and triamcinolone. The clinical test was carried through per 180 days in five horses, having approached two aspects: (a)evaluation of the effectiveness of the neurolytic action and pain suppression of the SNI, and (b)the eventual toxicity related to the composition. The lameness was induced in the horses through the development of horseshoes method, carrying later through perineural infiltration of 5 mL of SNI in each branch of the palmar nerves. The evaluation of the SNI toxicity was carried out monitoring of the hepatic, kidney and skeletal muscle functions, measuring the serum levels of alanina aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinofosfokinase (CK), Gamaglutamiltransferase (GGT), Urea and Creatinine. The SNI presented satisfactory chemical stability in temperatures of 4ºC and 20ºC. The clinical test indicated abolition of podal pain in the horses from 96 hours of infiltration, with effect kept up to 180 days. The SNI did not caused hepatic, kidney and/or skeletal muscle toxicity. All the results lead to a very promissory drug to this specific market in Brazil. / O controle da dor crônica em eqüinos tem evoluído nos últimos anos em função da maior exigência esportiva dos animais nas diferentes modalidades e da implantação de metodologias de combate aos maus tratos. Cite-se ainda que as potencialidades econômicas geradas no círculo da eqüinocultura acabam por estimular o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias e produtos. Em atendimento a estes preceitos, o trabalho aqui apresentado traz a avaliação da eficácia e segurança clínica de uma formulação neurolítica injetável para uso perineural em eqüinos, até o momento inexistente no mercado nacional. A Suspensão Neurolítica Injetável foi formulada com etanol, triancinolona e bupivacaína, visando aproveitar o efeito neurolítico do etanol, sem causar as reações inflamatórias e dolorosas locais causadas pelo mesmo. A avaliação de estabilidade química foi realizada através da avaliação da perda de peso das amostras, variação de pH, tempo de sedimentação após a agitação e desenvolvimento de método cromatográfico para identificação e determinação simultânea dos teores de Bupivacaína e Triancinolona. O teste clínico foi realizado por 180 dias em cinco equinos, abordando dois aspectos: avaliação da eficácia da ação neurolítica e abolição da dor da SNI; e a eventual toxicidade relacionada à composição. Para a indução de claudicação nos eqüinos, foi desenvolvido método através de ferraduras, realizando posteriormente a infiltração perineural de 5 mL de SNI em cada ramo dos nervos palmares. A avaliação de toxicidade da SNI realizou-se através de monitoração das funções hepática, renal e muscular após as infiltrações, mensurando os níveis séricos de Alanina Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartato Aminotransferase (AST), Creatinofosfoquinase (CK), Gamaglutamiltransferase (GGT), Uréia e Creatinina. A SNI apresentou estabilidade química satisfatória em temperaturas de 4ºC e 20ºC. O teste clínico indicou abolição da dor podal nos animais a partir de 96 horas da infiltração, com efeito mantido até 180 dias. A SNI não demonstrou causar toxicidade hepática, renal e/ou muscular, evidenciando a potencialidade de transformação em produto comercial.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O caju destaca-se dentre as espÃcies frutÃferas nativas do Nordeste, por possuir elevada potencialidade para o consumo in natura e processamento industrial. A polpa e o suco sÃo importantes componentes da dieta humana por serem considerados uma fonte natural de carboidratos, carotenoides, vitaminas e compostos fenÃlicos, substÃncias com alto potencial antioxidante, e tÃm despertado o interesse de diferentes grupos de pesquisa. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a estabilidade da polpa de caju com conservantes, pasteurizada e concentrada congelada durante 12 meses de armazenamento, atravÃs de determinaÃÃes quÃmicas, fÃsico-quÃmicas e microbiolÃgicas e a elaboraÃÃo de nÃctar e suco tropical adoÃado, estudando a estabilidade sensorial dos mesmos durante 360 dias de armazenamento da polpa. As polpas nÃo apresentaram interaÃÃo significativa para pH, sÃlidos solÃveis, acidez titulÃvel e coordenada de cor a. O pH e os sÃlidos solÃveis variaram com o tempo mas mantiveram-se dentro dos padrÃes da legislaÃÃo. A acidez nÃo variou com o armazenamento. A coordenada de cor a* ajustaram ao modelo cÃbico. O Ãcido ascÃrbico variou de 190,65 a 308,45mg/100g na polpa com conservantes, 170,95 a 299,70 mg/100g na polpa pasteurizada e de 514,68 a 865,42mg/100g na polpa concentrada, valores estes bastante expressivos. Pigmentos escuros solÃveis, luminosidade, hue, croma, carotenoides, teor de polpa, aÃÃcares totais apresentaram interaÃÃo significativa e foram avaliados por regressÃo variando com o tempo de armazenamento, exceto a coordenada de cor b*. Os teores de aÃÃcares totais mantiveram-se em torno de 10,01 a 13,25% nas polpas com conservantes e pasteurizadas a 24 a 27% na polpa concentrada, sendo estes em sua maioria representados por aÃÃcares redutores. As anÃlises microbiolÃgicas confirmaram a eficÃcia das etapas de processamento, tratamento tÃrmico e concentraÃÃo na manutenÃÃo da qualidade microbiolÃgica, uma vez que nÃo foi observado crescimento de microrganismos durante o perÃodo de armazenamento. Os nÃctares e os sucos tropicais adoÃados de caju apresentam-se na faixa de aceitaÃÃo sensorial em todos os atributos avaliados. O congelamento das polpas de caju com conservantes, pasteurizada e concentrada à viÃvel uma vez que nÃo ocorrem perdas significativas na qualidade dos produtos. A polpa de caju concentrada apresentou as melhores notas nos atributos sensoriais avaliados. / The cashew (Anacardium occidentale, L.) has a great economic importance to the Northeast region, notably for the great acceptance by consumers, both for their sensory properties (color, aroma, flavor, texture) as for its nutritional and functional values. It stands out among the fruit species native to the Northeast because it has high potential for fresh consumption and industrial processing. The cashew and cashew apple juice are important components of the human diet because they are considered a natural source of carbohydrates, carotenoids, vitamins and phenolic compounds, substances with high antioxidant potential, and have attracted the interest of various research groups. This work aimed to study the stability of cashew apple pulp with preservatives, pasteurized and concentrated frozen storage for 12 months, through to chemical, physical-chemical and microbiological analysis. And production of cashew apple nectar and cashew apple sweetened tropical juice and sensorial stability during 360 days of storage of the pulp. The pulps showed no significant interaction for pH, soluble solids, acidity and color coordinated. The pH and soluble solids varied with time but remained within standards legislation. The acidity no change during the storage. The color coordinate set to the cubic model. The parameters vitamin C ranged from 190.65 to 308.45 in the pulp with preservatives, 170.95 to 299.70 in the pulp pasteurized and from 514.68 to 865.42 mg/100g in concentrated pulp, these values very expressive. Dark pigments soluble, brightness, hue*, chroma*, carotenoids, pulp content, total sugar showed significant interaction were assessed by regression with time varying storage except color coordinate b. The concentration of total sugars remained around 10.01 to 13.25% for pulps with preservatives and pasteurized,and to 24 to 27% in the concentrated pulp, which are mostly represented by sugars. The microbiological analyses confirmed the effectiveness of the processing, thermal treatment and concentration in the maintenance of the microbiological quality, once growth of microorganisms was not observed in the product during the storage period. The cashew apple nectars and juices sweetened have good acceptability in all sensory attributes. The frozen pulps cashew with preservatives, pasteurized and concentrated is viable since no significant losses occur in the quality of products.

En el Perú, la minería es una de las actividades importantes en el desarrollo del crecimiento económico del país, sin embargo, el uso indiscriminado de los recursos naturales y el impacto ambiental, debido a la extracción del mineral, obligó a las entidades reguladoras como el ANA, OEFA, OSINERGMIN a estandarizar los procesos de extracción y operación. Esto contempla estabilizar ambientalmente los componentes que se encuentran dentro del proceso de extracción del mineral, además, de estabilizar, física, química e hidrológicamente a aquellos que, una vez agotado el recurso (mineral), se transforman en un pasivo que deben ser incorporados de manera estable al medio ambiente (cierre de pasivo). La presente tesis propone evaluar la condición de estabilidad actual del depósito de desmonte de roca N8-PO. La evaluación se realizará usando programación lineal a través del método Simus que recoge los parámetros más importantes para cada condición de estabilidad actual, analizado en el pasivo, el cual será comparada con los factores de seguridad requeridos por las entidades reguladoras y las buenas prácticas de construcción. Para el análisis de estabilidad física se recogerán los resultados del análisis estático y pseudo estático, para el análisis de estabilidad geoquímica, se recogerán los resultados de los ensayos ABA, finalmente, para el análisis de estabilidad hidrológica, se tendrá en cuenta el estudio hidrológico, además de la existencia y condición de estructuras hidráulicas presentes. Los resultados de la evaluación indicarán la condición de estabilidad del pasivo. Por último, los resultados recomendarán también, posibles alternativas de cierre a usar. / In Peru, mining is one of the important activities in the development of the country's economic growth, however, the indiscriminate use of natural resources and the environmental impact, due to mineral extraction, forced regulatory entities such as ANA, OFEA, OSINERGMIN to standardize the extraction and operation processes. This includes not only environmentally stabilizing the components that are within the mineral extraction process, but also, physically, chemically and hydrologically stabilizing those who, once the (mineral) resource has been depleted, become a responsibility that must Stably incorporate into the environment (passive closure). This thesis proposes to evaluate the current stability condition of the N8-PO rock dump and compare with the results of the evaluation that will be carried out with two additional components, of the same characteristics, located near the component under study. The evaluation will be carried out through a program that uses a numerical method that collects the most important parameters for each stability condition, current, analyzed in the dump, which will be compared with the safety factors required by regulatory entities and Good construction practices. In the analysis of the physical stability the results of the static and pseudostatic analysis will be collected, for the analysis of the geochemical stability, the results of the ABA tests will be collected, finally, for the analysis of the hydrological stability, the studies will be taken Hydrology account, as well as the existence and condition of the hydraulic structures present. The evaluation results will indicate the stability condition of the mining component. Finally, the results will also recommend possible closure alternatives that will be used to achieve the desired stability. / Tesis

Mesoporous MOFs are currently record holders in terms of the specific surface area with values exceeding 7000 m2 gˉ¹, a textural feature unattained by traditional porous solids such as zeolites, carbons and even by graphene. They are promising candidates for high pressure gas storage and also for conversion or separation of larger molecules, whose size exceeds the pore size of zeolites. The rational strategies for synthesis of mesoporous MOF are outlined and the unambiguous consistent assessment of the surface area of such ultrahighly porous materials, as well as present challenges in the exciting research field, of mesoporous MOFs are discussed. The crystallinity, dynamic properties, functional groups, and wide range tunability render these materials as exceptional solids, but for the implementation in functional devices and even in industrial processes several aspects and effective characteristics (such as volumetric storage capacities, recyclability, mechanical and chemical stability, activation) should be addressed.