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The aim of this thesis was in cooperation with commercial grower to evaluate the experiment with available varieties of chilli peppers from the perspektive of yield and growth. Furthermore, to analyze selected substances and the results obtained statistically process, evaluate and determine the differences between the different varieties of chilli peppers. Chilli peppers have quickly become a popular crop, especially due to their pungency and high vitamin C content. Pungency is due to the presence of capsaicin, whose content can reach up to 2 200 000 SHU. From chilli peppers you can prepare a wide range of products from jams to sweets to drinks. Chilli peppers are very perspective species, especially in the pharmaceutical industry.

El presente estudio de investigación se basa en el análisis de tres variables que influyen en la exportación de paprika seca proveniente de Perú hacia el mercado de México durante el periodo 2008 al 2018. En ese sentido, se consideró necesario analizar las cuotas arancelarias, debido al alto grado de aplicación por parte de México para la importación de paprika seca desde la vigencia del Acuerdo de Integración Comercial en el año 2012. Por otra parte, otra variable que se consideró dentro de la investigación fueron las medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias, ya que muchas veces estas suelen ejercer como una desviación hacia el comercio, sobre todo en productos agrícolas. Así mismo, como última variable se tuvo en consideración la competencia internacional. Dicha variable fue analizada con el apoyo de entrevistas y la realización de estadística que permitió ver la correlación directa entre los competidores y las exportaciones. Para el análisis de estas variables fue necesario un enfoque mixto, el cual se basó en un análisis estadístico de las exportaciones antes y después de la vigencia del AIC y de la competencia internacional. Además, también se usó las entrevistas especializadas para el estudio de la influencia de las medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias para las exportaciones de paprika. En cuanto a los resultados, se pudo obtener que la variable más influyente fue la competencia internacional, las medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias, y en menor medida las cuotas arancelarias de importación. / This research study is based on the analysis of three variables that influence the export of dried paprika from Peru to the Mexican market during the period 2008 to 2018. In that sense, it was considered necessary to analyze the tariff rate quotas, due to the high degree of application by Mexico for the importation of dried paprika since the Trade Integration Agreement entered into force in 2012. On the other hand, another variable that was considered within the investigation was the sanitary and phytosanitary measures, since often these tend to exert as a deviation towards trade, especially in agricultural products. Likewise, international competition was taken into account as the last variable. This variable was analyzed with the support of interviews and the realization of statistics that allowed seeing the direct correlation between competitors and exports. For the analysis of these variables, a mixed approach was necessary, which was based on a statistical analysis of exports before and after the validity of the AIC and international competition. In addition, specialized interviews were also used to study the influence of sanitary and phytosanitary measures for paprika exports. As for the results, it was possible to obtain that the most influential variable was international competition, sanitary and phytosanitary measures and, to a lesser extent, import tariff rate quotas. / Tesis

Severe water stress reduced the number of flowers produced by Capsicum annuum var. annuum L. Longum plants, but the timing of flower production was less affected. The use of different plant establishment techniques modified flower production. Bare rooted transplants slowed the rate of flower production in comparison with direct seeded plants or those established from cell tray transplants. Bare rooted transplants delayed the onset of water stress. The capabilities of male and female gametophytes were reduced by water stress, with the female more affected, and the interaction of male and female gametophytes was affected by moderate water stress. Moderate water stress increased the time to fruit set, but affected neither the number nor percentage of fruit set, whereas severe water stress increased the time and reduced the number and percentage. Severe water stress reduced the number and percentage of mature fruit, fruit quality indices and total fruit yield. Moderate water stress reduced the number of seeds per fruit and fruit dry weight, but total fresh weight yield was not significantly affected. The time to fruit set was negatively correlated with the quality indices of mature fruit, whereas the number of seeds was positively correlated with the same. Fertilisation determined the success of seed set, and the rapidity of fruit set. Successful fertilisation can only occur when the pollen tube arrives at a viable ovule. The processes of pollen tube growth and longevity of the ovule are the factors most critically affected by water stress in determining the yield of C. annuum Longum. / Master of Science (Hons)

Submitted by Guilherme Matos Martins Diniz null (guilhermedinizz@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-11-12T20:47:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Guilherme Matos Martins Diniz.pdf: 1713375 bytes, checksum: 4e35cf3867e761830ba22f92034a1e15 (MD5) / Rejected by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo a orientação abaixo: O arquivo submetido não contém o certificado de aprovação fornecido pela Seção de Pós-Graduação. . Corrija esta informação e realize uma nova submissão com o arquivo correto. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2016-11-18T19:54:47Z (GMT) / Submitted by Guilherme Matos Martins Diniz null (guilhermedinizz@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-11-19T00:18:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE - Guilherme Matos Martins Diniz.pdf: 1878561 bytes, checksum: ae58a835b95bed9b80bdbc3c2fd5633a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-11-22T16:25:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 diniz_gmm_dr_jabo.pdf: 1878561 bytes, checksum: ae58a835b95bed9b80bdbc3c2fd5633a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-22T16:25:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 diniz_gmm_dr_jabo.pdf: 1878561 bytes, checksum: ae58a835b95bed9b80bdbc3c2fd5633a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os nematoides das galhas estão entre os patógenos que mais causam prejuízos em cultivos protegidos de pimentão, destacando-se as espécies Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica e M. enterolobii. Este último já foi relatado em plantas de Capsicum spp., e vem causando problemas, pois a utilização de genótipos resistentes a outras espécies não é eficaz em seu controle. Estudos relacionados à resistência a esse patógeno, bem como a obtenção de fontes de resistência ainda são escassos, o que dificulta a adoção de programas de melhoramento genético, visando a esse fim. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a herança da resistência à M. enterolobii em Capsicum frutescens. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na UNESP-FCAV, Câmpus de Jaboticabal-SP. Para o estudo da herança da resistência, foi realizado o cruzamento entre C. frutescens, resistente a M. enterolobii e uma linhagem de pimenta C24, C. chinense, suscetível a nematoide. A partir desse cruzamento, foram obtidas as gerações F1, F2, RC1 e RC2. Depois de obtidas todas as gerações necessárias para o estudo, as plantas foram inoculadas com 5.000 ovos e juvenis de segundo estádio de M. enterolobii no ato do transplantio. Após 60 dias da inoculação, realizou-se a avaliação da resistência das plantas ao nematoide, coletando-se as raízes e realizando-se os procedimentos de extração dos nematoides em laboratório. A avaliação da resistência das plantas aos nematoides foi realizada com base no fator de reprodução (FR), sendo consideradas FR ≥ 1, suscetíveis, e FR < 1, resistentes. Os dados foram avaliados pelo teste qui-quadrado e cinco metodologias de avaliação dos genes envolvidos no controle, além do teste de máxima verossimilhança para a verificação da presença de efeitos relacionados ao ambiente ou polígenes. A análise genética mostrou ausência de dominância e epistasia, indicando ação gênica somente aditiva. A dominância apresentada tendeu à suscetibilidade, indicando que a resistência é recessiva. O número de locos segregantes mostrou que apenas um gene estaria envolvido na herança da resistência à M. enterolobii. O valor de herdabilidade foi alto, evidenciando possibilidade de ganho seletivo sendo um caráter pouco afetado pelo ambiente. Todas as plantas da geração F1 foram suscetíveis, as gerações F2 e retrocruzamentos tiveram variações de sintomas do parasitismo. A hipótese de herança monogênica foi aceita, de acordo com os métodos estatísticos utilizados no estudo, até o limite de significância do qui-quadrado. O controle genético da resistência à M. enterolobii, em C. frutescens é monogênico recessivo. / Root-knot nematode are among the pathogens that cause most damage in pepper crops protected highlighting the species Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and M. enterolobii. The latter has been reported in plants Capsicum spp., and causes problems since the use of resistant genotypes other species is not effective as a control. Studies related to resistance to this pathogen as well as obtaining sources of resistance are still scarce, hindering the adoption of breeding programs for this purpose. Therefore, this study aimed to study the inheritance of resistance to M. enterolobii in Capsicum frutescens. The study was conducted at UNESP-FCAV in Jaboticabal-SP. To study the inheritance of resistance was the cross between C. frutescens, resistant M. enterolobii and C24 pepper strain, C. chinense, susceptible to the nematode. From this junction were obtained F1, F2, BC1 and BC2. After obtaining all generations necessary for the study, the plants were inoculated with 5.000 eggs and juveniles of second stage M. enterolobii in transplanting the act. After 60 days of inoculation was performed to evaluate the resistance of plants to nematode collecting the roots and carrying out the nematode extraction procedures in the laboratory. The evaluation of plant resistance to nematodes was performed based on the reproduction factor (RF) is considered FR ≥ 1, and RF susceptible <1 resistant. The data were analyzed by chi-square test five methods of assessing the genes involved in the control beyond the maximum likelihood test for the presence of related environmental effects or polygenes. Genetic analysis showed no dominance and epistasis indicating only additive gene action. The dominance presented tended susceptibility, indicating that resistance is recessive. The number of loci segregating showed that only one gene was involved in the inheritance of resistance to M. enterolobii. The heritability value was high showing possibility of selective gain being one character unaffected by the environment. All plants of F1 generation were susceptible, generations, F2 and backcross had variations of symptoms of parasitism. The hypothesis of monogenic inheritance was accepted, according to the statistical methods used in the study, up to the limit of significance of the chi-square. The genetic control of resistance to M. enterolobii in C. frutescens is monogenic recessive.

This diploma thesis is focused on the influence of the three most represented capsaicinoids – capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin and nordihydrocapsaicin – on the sensory properties of five varieties of chili peppers. Aji Lemon Drop, Serrano, Jamaican Yellow, Habanero Chocolate and Bhut Jolokia were selected for this thesis. Determination of capsaicinoids content was performed using HPLC-DAD. The content of capsaicin in dried fruits ranged from 359 to 320 gg-1, the content of dihydrocapsaicin in the range of 130–7 767 gg-1 and the content of nordihydrocapsaicin in the range of 7–456 gg-1. The pungency of the samples was 8 928–601 338 SHU. The sensory evaluation of selected varieties of chili peppers was attended by 20 evaluators representing ordinary consumers. The subject of the evaluation was mainly the intensity of burning and sharpness, its pleasantness and identification of the place of manifestation of thermal sensations. Furthermore, the onset of burning and sharpness from the insertion of peppers into the mouth, the duration of thermal sensations, the intensity of sweetness and juiciness, the presence of other flavors and the texture of the fruit. Statistically significant differences were observed between the evaluation results. The low intensity of burning and sharpness of the Jamaican Yellow variety was assessed as neutral to rather pleasant, while the high intensity of thermal sensations of the Habanero Chocolate and Bhut Jolokia varieties was perceived as unpleasant. The Aji Lemon Drop and Serrano varieties were judged very similar from a sensory point of view. By combining the results of capsaicinoids content measurement and sensory analysis, significant correlation relationships were found between the evaluated parameters. With a higher content of capsaicinoids in peppers, their pungency (expressed in SHU) increased, at the same time a higher intensity of thermal sensations and their longer duration were found during consumption. On the contrary, with a high intensity of burning and sharpness, the pleasantness of these perceptions decreased. The onset of these feelings did not affect the observed properties. The higher the intensity of juiciness, the higher the sweetness of the fruit; however, these properties were not significant in terms of the content of combustibles or the intensity of thermal sensations. The effect of individual capsaicinoids on the site of thermal sensation has not been statistically proven.

The topic of this diploma thesis is Floricultural qualities evaluation of chosen Chilli peppers in the Southern Moravia conditions. This thesis deals with chilli pappus capsicum family. The first part of study involves historical chilli pappers origin and the sekond part focuses on evaluative floricultural values experimental and substances of chilli pappus. This thesis was elaborated in cooperation with World of chilli s.r.o.

This diploma thesis “Evaluation of growth and qualitative parameters of chosen chilli peppers varieties” is about the comparison of the cultivars of chilli peppers. There have been 13 cultivars involved in the experiment. The first part of the thesis is about literary overview about the technology of growing. In the second, experimental part, the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the varieties have been evaluated – product, growth and contents substances (vitamin C, capsaicin, dry basis) of the plants. The experiment was successfully conducted in cooperation with the company World of chilli, s.r.o. in 2018 and subsequently it was evaluated in the laboratory of ZF Mendela in Lednica.