Face à la montée de la prise de conscience des enjeux écologiques actuels, la recherche se tourne vers le développement des bioprocédés pour développer de nouvelles solutions aux problèmes environnementaux. Cette thèse porte sur l’étude de la faisabilité d’un procédé de capture de CO2 à partir de la culture de la microalgue Chlorella vulgaris en photobioréacteur continu. Ce travail a permis d’identifier l’algue C. vulgaris comme une candidate prometteuse pour cette application. En effet C. vulgaris présente une capacité de production de biomasse et de fixation de CO2 très intéressante pour cette application. Les études menées lors de ce travail de thèse ont également permis de mettre à jour les interactions complexes entre les cellules algales et le CO2 présent à de fortes concentrations. De même, elles ont apporté un approfondissement à la compréhension des verrous existants pour le développement d’un procédé de captage du CO2 et de la nécessité de prendre en compte tous les paramètres de culture (lumière, concentration en nitrate). A partir des études menées, il a été possible de proposer un modèle pour la croissance de C. vulgaris en photobioréacteur continu. Bien que de futures études soient encore nécessaires pour être en mesure de parfaitement modéliser le comportement de l’algue lors de cultures en photobioréacteur, ce modèle présente une bonne corrélation avec les expérimentations. Enfin une étude de pré-dimensionnement a été proposée qui a permis de mettre en lumière les nombreux points d’interrogations encore existants avant d’être en mesure d’adapter le procédé de laboratoire à une échelle industrielle / Faced with the growing awareness of environmental issues, the research turns to the development of bioprocesses to develop new solutions to environmental problems. This thesis concerns the study of the feasibility of a process for CO2 capture from the culture of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris in a continuous photobioreactor. This work has identified the algae C. vulgaris as a promising candidate for this application. Indeed C. vulgaris has a capacity of biomass production and CO2 biofixation very interesting for this application. Studies in this thesis allowed us to update the complex interactions between the algal cells and high CO2 concentrations. Also they have provided a deeper understanding of existing locks for the development of a process for CO2 capture and the need to take into account all the parameters of culture (light, nitrate concentration). A model for the growth of C. vulgaris in continuous photobioreactor has been proposed. This model shows good correlation with experiments; although future studies are still needed to be able to fully simulate the behaviour of algae in photobioreactor cultures. Finally a study of pre-design has been proposed allowing highlighting the many questions that still exist before being able to adapt the laboratory process to an industrial scale.

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a chlorophenol with a pronounced biocidal activity that has led to its use in a number of applications. It was introduced in the 1930s as a preservative for timber and lumber and since then has found wide use as a biocide in agricultural and industrial applications. Many different physical, chemical and biological methods have been tried for the removal of PCP from wastewater. However, using microalgae for the removal of PCP and other organochlorine compounds from water may prove to be a cheaper alternative and give complete degradation of the compounds. The aim of this project was to study the efficiency of microalgae to degrade PCP. An algal strain named VT -1 and a bacterial strain named AT -14 were isolated from PCP containing conditions in the laboratory. The growth of VT -1 in the presence of PCP was compared with Chlorella emersonii and Chlorella vulgaris in two different autotrophic media. It was observed that VT-1 had the highest IC50 value of 25-26mg }-l PCP and EC50 value of 11.3mg }-1 PCP in S&K medium. With glucose as an additional carbon source the IC50 value for VT-1 in S&K medium was 29-30mg t 1 PCP. Bacterium AT-14 could grow in the presence of PCP, only with glucose as a carbon source. Mineralization of PCP by VT -1 and the two Chlorella strains was compared by using 14C_PCp. With all the three algae exposed to 14C_PCp, only VT-1 showed release of 14C02, which was evidence of mineralization of PCP by VT-1 which occurred only in the presence of light. Bacterium AT-14 did not produce 14C02. However, the consortium of VT-1 and AT-14 showed enhanced 14C02 evolution in the presence of glucose. The release of chloride ions from PCP can also indicate PCP dehalogenation and degradation. The evolution of 14C02 lagged behind chloride release (90 %) indicating that dechlorination of PCP could be the first step in its biodegradation. Breakdown of PCP was also followed by its extraction from the cells and medium. Normally dichloromethane (DCM) was used to extract PCP. The changes in the label extracted in DCM and iso-butanol were studied under different light condjtions, which showed that the 14C counts in DCM reduced and those in iso-butanol extract increased with time. The 14C counts in the iso-butanol extract could be a metabolite of PCP which is more hydrophilic. VT-1 appeared not to degrade PCP completely, since only 15% of 14C was recovered as 14C02. It appears that intermediates are formed which are distributed in the growth medium and in the biomass. It can thus be concluded that VT -1 is tolerant of PCP, appears to dechlorinate PCP and then releases some part of it as CO2.

No description available.

Very little work has been done on bacteria capable of significantly inhibiting algal growth. This thesis reports the research on mixed cultures of a high-temperature strain of algae, Chlorella pyrenoidosa TX71105, and an organism isolated from the air and tentatively identified as a variant strain of Bacillus megaterium.

Ka-leung Kan. / Thesis (M.Sc.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Bibliography: leaves 80-94.

Graduation date: 1992

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on June 19, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Auburn University, 2008. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 112-114).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 1972. / Title from title page screen, viewed Sept. 23, 2004. Dissertation Committee: Mathew J. Nadakavukaren (chair), Robert M. Chasson, Dorothy E. Fensholt, Anthony E. Liberta, E. Ione Rhymer. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 157-170) and abstract. Also available in print.

This diploma thesis follows to the bachelor thesis Utilization of Algae in Biogas Trans-formations, which was rather a research type and dealt with the removal of carbon diox-ide by photosynthesis of algae from biogas. The aim of this thesis is to examine the issue of undesirable substances in biogas, mainly hydrogen sulfide, and to verify the possibil-ity of using Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick (IPPAS C2) for the biogas treatment. This ver-ification is based on scientific studies and hypotheses. This culture was grown in the proposed laboratory system in BG11 medium and in BG11 medium with reduced SO4-2 sulfate salts for eight days and nine days. Based on the results of the culture parameters, sulphate formation in the nutrient medium has been proven to be dependent on pH and oxygen. During the measurement, the decrease of hydrogen sulfide concentration was recorded after application of the given culture apparatus. The loss of hydrogen sulfide occurred due to absorption into the nutrient medium. The hypothesis of the ability of algae to consume the resulting sulfate from the medium for their own use has not been confirmed.