Retinal nerve fiber layer measurement in patients with Alzheimer's disease The current ophthalmologist's possibilities in diagnostics of Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia syndrome and mild cognitive impairment. To enroll the disease most securely there are used so called biomarkers using evidence of changed brain metabolism by pozitron emission tomography (PET) and in cerebrospinal fluid or the brain's structure magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These methods are expensive, organisationally and temporally challenging and burdening for the patients. According to that reasons we are still seeking for alternative attitudes suitable for early diagnosis. The evaluation of thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) which is well accessible to examination through optical aparatus of the eye could be one of the options. The aim of our work was to present current knowledges about Alzheimer's disease targeting relations of Alzheimer's disease and an ophthalmological finding. In the next part of this paper we introduce the retinal nerve fiber layer measurement by optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a potential diagnostics method by screening of patients with Alzheimer's disease and to present our results measured in our cohort of patients. The studied cohort...

Theoretical foundation Arterial disease which gradually leads to narrowing of artery, up to complete vascular closure and to subsequent manifestation of ischaemia is called ischaemic disease of the lower extremities (IDLE). We need to understand ischaemic disease of the lower extremities not only as a disease causing patients a range of difficulties and significantly impacting their life quality, but also as a very important indicator of overall cardiovascular condition of whole organism. Ischaemic disease of the lower extremities becomes more and more accepted as a chronic disease associated with a substantial cardiovascular risk. This disease causes primarily walking limitation by which it impacts daily activities and significantly decrease the life quality. Goal of the thesis: A goal was set for the thesis: Finding out in which areas the ischaemic disease of the lower extremities impacts the life quality. Hypotheses: 6 hypotheses were set for the thesis: H1: Patients with IDLE feel pain H2: Patients with IDLE are limited in moving H3: Patients with IDLE are limited socially H4: Patients with IDLE feel concern for their future H5: Patients with IDLE perceive their life quality as a low one. H6: Patients with IDLE are limited in the area of basic daily activities. Methodology: The research part of the thesis was implemented based on quantitative inquiry within the grant Project No. 120/2012/S ?Reflection of life quality in nursing?. For the empirical part of the thesis the quantitative method was used, the survey was carried out in form of questionnaires, more precisely a standardized questionnaire EQ-5D-5L, selected questions from a questionnaire WHOQOL 100 and specific non-standardized complementary questions for patients with ischaemic disease of the lower extremities. The survey was carried out by addressing practising physicians , doctors from specialized outpatient departments and inpatient wards. Nurses who were, along with the doctors, responsible for explaining the significance of the survey to the patients were an integral part to the data gathering process. The respondents were selected intentionally, the basic factor of selection was presence of the ischaemic disease of the lower extremities. The selection sample was designed using selective quota, the only quota being the age of respondent. Results: All results obtained were statistically processed in the SASD (Statistical Analysis of Social Data) software. The results were divided into three areas. Firstly results describing the structure of selection sample, secondly results depicted graphically and thirdly results processed using a descriptive statistics. The last two areas were then arranged according to the used questionnaire. The results provided us with information regarding patients' perceiving of pain, the difficulties in moving, the social area, the basic daily activities, the concerns for the future and subjective perceiving ot the life quality. Based on the results, the set hypotheses were evaluated as follows: H1: Patients with IDLE feel pain ? confirmed, H2: Patients with IDLE are limited in moving - confirmed, H3: Patients with IDLE are limited socially - confirmed, H4: Patients with IDLE feel concern for their future - confirmed, H5: Patients with IDLE perceive their life quality as a low one ? not confirmed, H6: Patients with IDLE are limited in the area of basic daily activities - confirmed. Conclusion: The thesis provides a comprehensive view on the areas impacting the life quality of patients with ischaemic disease of the lower extremities. In practice the results can facilitate the choice of effective intervention and improve communication with patients, especially due to the gained knowledge. The results will be published in journals and presented at conferences. The results could also be used as a foundation for another survey and as a studying material for students of nursing.

This diploma thesis explores problematic areas of patients with Huntington's disease in their performance during activities of daily living (ADLs) from the perspective of patients and their caregivers. The aim of the research was also to assess a possible correlation between cognitive impairment and the patient's performance in ADL. Twenty-five patients with their caregivers met the selection criteria for the research. There were used standardized assessment methods available in Czech: the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and the questionnaire for caregivers called Bristol Activities of Daily Living Scale (BADLS-CZ). The statistical analyses consisted of methods of the nonparametric statistics, qualitative analysis was processed by data categorizing. Caregivers reported more problematic areas in ADLs which was significantly confirmed in the statistical hypothesis testing (p <0,05). A significant correlation was seen between the results of the questionnaire and the results of the MoCA assessment (rSp = -0,620; p <0,05). For various reasons, patients with Huntington's disease did not mention as many problematic areas in performing ADL as their caregivers. Therefore, it is appropriate in clinical practice to supplement the assessment of the patient's...

The current trend of general mature of population brings the broad range of serious consequences, mainly the increase of incidence and prevalence of diseases, which occur much often by the older people. From the medical and socio-economical point of view, the most serious disease is the aphreina, because the prevalence of this disease by the people older 60 years together with increasing age has the exponential character. The deterioration of the patient` s condition is also a big stress for the family. It is very difficult to accept the fact of the gross degeneration of closed person` s personality and don{\crq}t change the attitude to him. The patient is still physically present, but his mentality has been changed, he lost his personality. ``Is he, but it isn{\crq}t him anymore.{\crqq} The technology of controlled conversation, casuistic and secondary analysis of data has been used for the qualitative research. The controlled conversations was done at Senior hospice Maj. The group was consist of 5 family members of patient, who has the Alzheimer disease, 5 nurses from the department with special regime and 3 social workers. The secondary analysis of data was realized on the basis of statistics, which has been already published at the Grade theses called: ``The problems family nurses caring for the patients with Alzheimer disease.{\crqq} For this analysis, the 15 informants have been used. Within the stated aim {--} to chart the activities of self-helping groups - I have used the data published at Annual report of Czech Alzheimer` s company from 2005. I have also made uncontrolled conversation with coordinator of self-helping group at Ceske Budejovice. The results of the research showed that the biggest problem with the devotion about the patient is the psychical stress. The rest, relaxation, fun, etc. could help to feel better. If these principals are followed, the most of the problems will never occur. The help of further people is necessary to fulfill these points. The research refer to problem of nonavailability of self-helping groups, family nurses caring for the patients with Alzheimer disease within the specific region of Czech Republic and also refer to low awareness about their existence and their activities. I hope that my thesis help to home-nurses to predate the problems, which have been mentioned here {mainly the mental ones}, and also helps to existing self-helping groups.

The subject of the work is to sketch the importace right understanding needs of individuals suffering from alzheimer disease together with accptable care of these patients. The introductory part is focusing in single characteristics of alzheimer aphrenia together with appearances, kinds, diagnostic and possibilities the treatment. Pozornost je soustředěna na- The work focuses on possibilities the right comunication with these patient and continuing acceptable family or institutional nurse care on it. In the final parts I was deal with the offer of activities and different kinds of therapy which have the positive effect on general personality of individual with alzheimer aphrenia.

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Heart transplantation is performed in patients with end-stage heart failure, in whom all other methods of treatment failed. The most common causes of end-stage heart failure are dilated cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease. The destiny of these patients is highly variable. Prediction of long term survival in patients after heart transplantation is not satisfactory and up to now has not been found reliable marker. Most of the patients die after heart transplantation due to cardiovascular disease. This thesis is focused on molecular genetics and statistical analysis of four single nucleotide polymorphisms, namely rs17817449 (16q12.2, FTO gene), rs2943634 (2q36.3; intergenic region), rs6922269 (6q25.1; MTHFD1L gene), and rs10757274 (9p21.3; intergenic region). According to genome wide association studies are these SNPs assosiated with cardiovascular diseases. We genotyped DNA samples of 364 heart donors and 364 heart recipients. The results were statistically compared (using OR and Pearson's χ2 test) with the control group, which consisted of samples of individuals from the general population MONICA study. We examined the genotype in patients whose hearts failed due to dilated cardiomyopathy or coronary artery disease and then in patients with cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Furthermore, we focused on...

B-lymphocytes are lymphoid cells, which are a part of the adaptive/innate immune system and generate antibodies. Recently, many studies have supported hypothesis that different rather minor B-lymphocyte subpopulations may play a direct and indirect role in immunopathogenesis in human pathologies such as Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of current study was therefore to investigate distribution of frequencies of B lymphocyte subpopulations (from transient to mature effector B cell stages) in peripheral blood of healthy subjects (CO), patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Thus, using 11-colour flow cytometry we have analysed 30 blood samples of individuals, including 14 healthy controls, 11 patients with Crohn's disease and 5 with UC. In 6 patients with CD we have had an opportunity to analyze blood samples collected 2 hours after an administration of anti-TNF therapy. Higher frequencies of memory B-lymphocytes (CD19+ CD27+ , CD19+ CD20+ CD27+ and CD19+ CD20+ CD27+ IgM+) were found in patients with CD as compared to COs. (20.06±13.58%; 17.61±13.48%; 88.60±20.56% vs. 11.75±26.47%; 11.25±26.50%; and 66.82±22.60%), in case of CD19+CD20-CD27-IgM+ B-lymphocytes the difference was statistically significant (57.15±17.21% in CD vs. 19.59±31.79% in CO; p=0.0341), which is in accordance...

The subject of the dissertation deals with the secondary school pupil's awareness of zoonoses. Zoonoses are the diseases transmited from animals to human beings. Those are one of the topics of biology study currently. The main aim of the dissertation is theoretical definition of the matter in the first place. For knowledge testing have been chosen these four illness: Toxoplasmosis, Lyme boreliossis, Rabies and Creuzfeldt-Jakobo disease. With these chosen illness the main research goal is to provide a comprehensive collection of information about the details such as disease transfer, spread of the disease, disease development, cure and avoidance. The research part of the dissertation tries to find out the extent of knowledge about the chosen kinds of zoonoses among the pupils at specialized secondary schools. As a tool of quantitative research has been used a pupil's didactic test. As based on the evaluated results we may say that the pupil's knowledge at explored schools is relatively satisfactory.

Univerzita Karlova v Praze Fakulta sociálních věd Veřejná a sociální politika Diplomová práce Bc. Kristýna Čepeláková Alzheimerova choroba v současné zdravotní a sociální politice Alzheimer's disease in the current health and social policy Praha 2017 Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Karolína Dobiášová, PhD. Abstract (in English): My dissertation deals with the system of care for patients with Alzheimer's disease in the Czech Republic. For the first objective is to describe this piecemeal issue and confirm, that it's a public- policy problem for the present and will be public-policy problem for the future too. I will collect information about the various measures that the system of care for this type of patients affected. Through content analysis of available resources in the field of care for patients with Alzheimer's disease I will identify the main problem points area of health and social policy. I will place great emphasis on social responsibility for this type of patients and on the impact of public policy measures on the target group of thesis. As a target group I will define not only patients with Alzheimer's disease, but also informal carers, including their close surroundings. They are under great physical and psychological pressure and meets with obstacles in the form of provided formal care services, reduction...