L’Évangile de Nicodème est l’un des sujets les plus interéssants de la littératurechrétienne apocryphe. Pourtant, pendant ces dernières décennies aucun travailcollectif n’a été publié à son sujet en dehors du livre édité par Izydorczyk1. Eneffet, les études sur l’Evangelium Nicodemi (EN) et celles consacrées à sa fortunedans l’Occident médiéval se limitent à quelques articles. Peu a été fait dans ledomaine roman (par rapport aux domaines germanique et slave, par exemple) et,en particulier, occitan2. À l’origine en grec et datant du IVe siècle après J.C.,l’écriture de la Passion a influencé la culture religieuse et marqué les esprits aucours des siècles suivants. L’Evangelium Nicodemi a eu un impact très importantsur la culture médiévale car il est lié à l’intérêt pour l’oeuvre du Christ entre samort et sa résurrection, à savoir la Descente aux enfers, événement qui devientdogme de foi au XIIIe siècle3.Après un prologue où la paternité de l’écrit est attribuée à Nicodème et où estdéfinie la chronologie des événements, l’Evangelium Nicodemi commence parune première section qui met en scène le procès de Jésus devant Pilate et lacrucifixion. Ensuite, il y a une deuxième section où sont présentés les événementsprouvant la résurrection et l’ascension du Christ, puis l’histoire chargée de‘merveilleux’ de Joseph d’Arimathie. Enfin vient la partie du Descensus Christiad inferos, dans laquelle le fils de Dieu défait Satan et libère les patriarches et lesprophètes des limbes infernaux, celle-ci clôt l’apocryphe4.Toutefois, cette dernièresection n’est pas contenue dans le manuscrit latin le plus ancien (Palimpseste deVienne, VIe siècle), ni dans la version grecque A ni dans les traductions orientales.Ainsi, on croit que l’EN que l’on connaît est le résultat de la mise en commun dedeux oeuvres indépendantes à l’origine, les Acta (ou Gesta) Pilati et leDescensus5. / The Gospel of Nicodemus is one of the most interesting subjects of the literatureChristian apocryphal. Yet, during the past few decades,Published on it outside the book edited by Izydorczyk1. InThe studies on the Evangelium Nicodemi (EN) and those devoted to his fortuneIn the medieval West are limited to a few articles. Little has been done in the(In relation to the Germanic and Slavic domains, for example) and,In particular, Occitan2. Originally in Greek and dating from the 4th century AD,The writing of the Passion has influenced religious culture and marked theDuring the following centuries. The Evangelium Nicodemi had a very significant impactMedieval culture because it is linked to the interest in the work of ChristDeath and resurrection, namely Descent into hell, an event thatDogma of faith in the thirteenth century.After a prologue where the authorship of the writing is attributed to Nicodemus and where isThe chronology of events, the Evangelium Nicodemi begins withA first section that depicts the trial of Jesus before Pilate and thecrucifixion. Then there is a second section where the eventsProving the resurrection and ascension of Christ, then the history of'Wonderful' of Joseph of Arimathea. Finally comes the part of Descensus ChristiAd inferos, in which the son of God defeats Satan and frees the patriarchs andProphets of the infernal limbo, the latter closes the apocryphal.Section is not contained in the oldest Latin manuscript (Palimpsest ofVienna, 6th century), neither in the Greek version A nor in the Oriental translations.Thus, it is believed that the known EN is the result of the pooling ofTwo works originally independent, the Acta (or Gesta) Pilati and theDescensus5.

Nesta tese, desenvolvemos a partir de categorias literárias o aspecto polêmico da obra Apologia contra Rufino, de São Jerônimo, padre latino do século IV da era cristã, importante autor da Antiguidade Tardia e da Literatura Latina Cristã. Descrevemos a variedade dos aspectos de gênero de que se serviu São Jerônimo para construir seu texto da Apologia contra Rufino, como o gênero apologético, a diatribe cínico-estóica, os gêneros aristotélicos da Retórica, a sátira e a epístola. Visto que a obra é palco de debates, refutações e invectivas, o texto foi submetido a análises intertextuais, resultando em interessante diálogo entre Jerônimo e seu ex-amigo Rufino, bem como, igualmente interessante, retrato cultural do contexto de época em que o texto foi gerado. O trabalho contém análise estilística com reflexões sobre a língua latina cristã, as figuras de linguagem, os recursos expressivos da língua de Jerônimo, os motivos clássicos, os motivos bíblicos, o bestiário, de modo a reconstituir o processo formal e expressivo do texto da Apologia. Nosso trabalho recupera, pois, em aspectos formais, boa parte do conteúdo e da construção da polêmica da Apologia contra Rufino. / In this thesis, we develop with literary categories the polemical aspect of Saint Jerome’s Apology against Rufinus, whose author was an important Latin Father of the Fourth Century of our era, an important author of Late Antiquity and Christian Latin Literature. We describe the variety of gender aspects employed by Saint Jerome in order to construct his Apology against Rufinus text, such as the apologetic gender, the cynic-stoical diatribe, the aristotelic rhetorical genders, the satire and the epistle. Because the text is a place where we find debate, refutations and invective, we submitted it to intertextual analysis, and the result was an interesting dialogue between Jerome and his ex-friend Rufinus and also no less interesting cultural background of the epoch in which the text appeared. This work contains stylistic analysis with analyses on the Christian Latin Language, the figures of speech, the expressive ressources of Saint Jerome language, the classical and biblical motifs, the presence of the beasts, in such a way of reconstituting the formal and expressive process of Apologia’s text. Our work rescues in formal aspects a good portion of the contents and the polemical construction of the Apology against Rufinus.

Nesta tese, desenvolvemos a partir de categorias literárias o aspecto polêmico da obra Apologia contra Rufino, de São Jerônimo, padre latino do século IV da era cristã, importante autor da Antiguidade Tardia e da Literatura Latina Cristã. Descrevemos a variedade dos aspectos de gênero de que se serviu São Jerônimo para construir seu texto da Apologia contra Rufino, como o gênero apologético, a diatribe cínico-estóica, os gêneros aristotélicos da Retórica, a sátira e a epístola. Visto que a obra é palco de debates, refutações e invectivas, o texto foi submetido a análises intertextuais, resultando em interessante diálogo entre Jerônimo e seu ex-amigo Rufino, bem como, igualmente interessante, retrato cultural do contexto de época em que o texto foi gerado. O trabalho contém análise estilística com reflexões sobre a língua latina cristã, as figuras de linguagem, os recursos expressivos da língua de Jerônimo, os motivos clássicos, os motivos bíblicos, o bestiário, de modo a reconstituir o processo formal e expressivo do texto da Apologia. Nosso trabalho recupera, pois, em aspectos formais, boa parte do conteúdo e da construção da polêmica da Apologia contra Rufino. / In this thesis, we develop with literary categories the polemical aspect of Saint Jerome’s Apology against Rufinus, whose author was an important Latin Father of the Fourth Century of our era, an important author of Late Antiquity and Christian Latin Literature. We describe the variety of gender aspects employed by Saint Jerome in order to construct his Apology against Rufinus text, such as the apologetic gender, the cynic-stoical diatribe, the aristotelic rhetorical genders, the satire and the epistle. Because the text is a place where we find debate, refutations and invective, we submitted it to intertextual analysis, and the result was an interesting dialogue between Jerome and his ex-friend Rufinus and also no less interesting cultural background of the epoch in which the text appeared. This work contains stylistic analysis with analyses on the Christian Latin Language, the figures of speech, the expressive ressources of Saint Jerome language, the classical and biblical motifs, the presence of the beasts, in such a way of reconstituting the formal and expressive process of Apologia’s text. Our work rescues in formal aspects a good portion of the contents and the polemical construction of the Apology against Rufinus.

This research consists of three separate studies, which examine these texts in the order they were written, exploring the myriad cultural, political, religious and legal forces situated in the time and place where the texts were created to determine what forces may have influenced their authors in depicting the Jews the way they did. In the first study of the epic Poema de mio Cid, I focus on the legal quandary about whether the Cid should have repaid the two Jewish moneylenders from Burgos who gave him a loan for his military campaign. I examine the anti-Jewish canon and secular laws from this era, particularly those dealing with usury, and explore how the Castilian kings’ flouting of these laws created hostility and, in one telling instance, violent attacks against Jews from Christians who were angry about royal favoritism of the Jews. I compare the twelfth century attacks against an unpopular king and his royal property – the Jews – to the Cid’s deception of Raquel and Vidas, arguing the Campeador’s trick was also a way of inflicting harm on an unpopular king and his royal property, the Jews. I also examine the interrelationships between the increasingly hostile anti-Jewish laws and the Christian’s anti-Jewish social stances and attitudes, exploring how both the legal context and social and cultural contexts could have informed the poet in his portrayal of the two Jews in the text. In the second study, I focused on the various Jewish messianic prophecies detailed in the writings of twelfth century Jewish philosopher Moses Maimonides that existed in Spain during the time the Toledan liturgical drama Auto de los reyes magos was written and performed to see if they may have influenced how the unknown author negatively depicted the Jewish rabbis and members of Herod’s court in the play’s final two highly original scenes. The portrayals of the Jews’ eschatological confusion, I show, may have been created to stop Jews, considered vital to Toledo’s growth and stability, from following contemporary messianic prophecies and migrating to the Holy Land. In the final study, I focus on Gonzalo de Berceo’s caustic representations of Jews in Milagros de Nuestra Señora to determine if his harshly negative portrayals of Jews were a way to deflect attention from the papal-sanctioned clerical reforms that targeted heresy, including clerical abuses in the Benedictine Order, and caused Berceo’s beloved “black monks” to lose substantial funding and power in the Church. By portraying Jews and their behavior as real heresy and as the biggest threats to Christianity, Berceo underscores that clerical abuses and sins of the flesh are less problematic and pardonable.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--UCLA, 2009. / Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 269-287).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers University, 2009. / "Graduate Program in Comparative Literature." Includes bibliographical references (p. 264-275).

Habilitationsschrift--Munich. / Rev. English translation: The middle English mystics. 1981. Summary in English. Includes indexes. Includes bibliographical references (p. [233]-250).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Notre Dame, 2003. / Thesis directed by Michael Lapidge and Katherine O'Brien O'Keeffe for the Department of English. "December 2003." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 255-288).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2002. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 253-271). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

This thesis presents an edition of Contemplations of the Dread and Love of God, a late Middle English devotional prose text for which no critical edition is currently available. I have transcribed and collated the text from all sixteen extant manuscripts and the 1506 printed edition. An investigation of the errors and variants according to the classical method of textual criticism has yielded little in the way of conclusive results, and it has therefore not proved possible to construct a stemma of manuscripts from the corpus of evidence as it now exists. My edition therefore uses one manuscript (Maidstone MS Museum 6) as a base; I emend the text of Maidstone where necessary, and cite variants from all the other witnesses to show all differences of substance. A full critical apparatus is provided, comprising: the text with variants, textual notes and glossary. The introduction includes a full description of all the manuscripts and the two early printed editions, an outline of the methods of textual criticism applied and their results, and an explanation of the choice of base manuscript; information about the language of the Maidstone manuscript and the date of the text are also provided, as is an outline of my editorial principles. The thesis also contains two appendices. The first of these deals briefly with the twenty-two instances where individual chapters of Contemplations appear in other manuscript compilations; the second discusses the English and Latin prayers which follow the full text in some manuscripts.