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Diploma thesis directs on poverty and social exclusion in the Czech Republic between years 2005 and 2015. The thesis focuses mainly on at risk of poverty rate, at risk of poverty and social exclusion rate and overall comparison of development of selected factors in NUTS 2 regions. The aim is to assess the impact of changes in the structure of education, economic development, employment and unemployment on poverty in selected regions of the Czech Republic and comparison of these regions among themselves. Among the selected regions are Praha, Severovýchod, Jihovýchod and Moravskoslezsko. The main hypothesis is the assumption that regions with lower share of tertiary educated people will show a lower percentage of people at risk of poverty and social exclusion.

Microbusiness is recognized as an important tool for economic growth especially in less developed countries. It is supposed that a lack of access to capital is one of the most prominent constraints of microentepreneurs. To address this limitation, many forms of loan guarantee programs have been established. This paper examines what demands are placed on an effective guarantee structure in this field and how these aims are accomplished by the current guarantee funds. In conclusion, the access to capital is getting better recently in these countries. Guarantee funds have been growing, however, their importance is not so significant yet. Guarantee funds have a potential to draw an attention of investors to microlending but the cost of these schemes seems to be too high.

Diplomová práce rozebírá formy poskytování rozvojové pomoci mezinárodním společenstvím, popisuje přístup jednotlivých zúčastněných stran a analyzuje efektivnost současné rozvojové pomoci. Dále nabízí nové alternativní způsoby rozvojové pomoci, především pak systém mikrofinancování. Porovnává výhody a přínos mikrofinancí a možné překážky. V poslední části popisuje nově zaváděnou formu, tzv. sociální podnikání a ilustruje jeho fungování na konkrétním příkladu spolupráce dvou společností v Bangladéši.

This diploma work analyzes two different approaches to "fight" poverty -- foreign development aid and self-help in communities. First part is concerned with international poverty and its dimensions. Second part concerns with ideas, background theories, goals and adverse effects of foreign aid. As an alternative to foreign aid, self-help in communities is analyzed in next part, with its advantages and shortcomings. The two approaches to development are tested on Kenya's example. Major task of this work is to compare the two concepts and try to decide which one conducts better in development. Outcome of this work suggests that foreign development aid fails to fulfill its goals and has many adverse effects on a recipient country (including Kenya). On the other hand, self-help has usually direct impact on conditions in which poor people are living, therefore is more effective in figthting poverty.

Cílem této diplomové práce je pochopit teoretické a historické souvislosti sociálního státu, popsat problémy, které způsobuje, navrhnout jejich řešení, a předpovědět jeho budoucí vývoj. Navrhnutá reforma v této diplomové práci by vedla k větší prosperitě, nižší nezaměstnanosti a k větším možnostem seberealizace svobodných jednotlivců.

Development cooperation is provided due to many reasons. Some countries are lead by clearly human reasons (eventhough also in that case it's possible to polemize, whether their true reason isn't just creating good impression of the own state in the international community), some of them take it as a good oportunity to show off and some consider it just a good business. Which group does Sweden belong to? Is the aim of the country, which is active in international development cooperation for decades and who is apreciated by developing countries themselves truly to help? Which are the specifics of swedish development cooperation?

This thesis addresses the status of Roma in society, in the educational system and on the labour market. The central theme of the work is primarily the education of Roma children and their integration in the educational system. The thesis is focused on the integration of Roma children into education system and, by extension, into the majority society from an early age. At present some of them attend preparatory classes and nursery schools. This thesis is seeking ways to increase the participation of Roma children in preschool education and seeks alternative options for their inclusion.

The People's Republic of China has experienced since the late 70s unprecedented economic development. That is, on the one hand, coupled with the many positive aspects, on the other, but also brought some negative things. One of them was the increasing regional disparities and the related problems of poverty, which are the main subject of this thesis. Regional disparity is dealt through the provinces of Sichuan, Hunan and Liaoning, each of them represents one Chinese region. By comparing socio-economic development of these provinces it is found that the differences in their economic levels are greater than the differences in social level. But the important thing is that these differences in the last years are not deepening and there is a gradual narrowing of the gap between the East and the rest of the country. This is due not only to economic growth but also adopted government programs.