This thesis analyzes the proposals of the Bolivian government in force from 2006 to the present to combat issues of poverty and inequality. Describing the programs elaborated by the MAS government, which consist of three economic bonds, the Juancito Pinto bond (education), the Juana Azurduy bond (health) and Renta Dignidad (senior citizens). As well as analyzing the government's response to the housing situation. Describing the government agency AEVIVIENDA, its programs, and finally making an analysis of the situation in terms of quantitative and qualitative housing in relation to these programs. Demonstrating if indeed poverty and inequality has been improved during the period of Evo Morales government.

The diploma thesis examines sources of poverty and material deprivation among households that exhibit similar characteristics in the Czech Republic. The data originate from the European Union - Survey on Income and Living Conditions between years 2009 - 2015. For the analysis, two rounds of binomial logistic regressions were carried out with poverty status and material deprivation as dependent factors. First, a total of 28 400 unique households were included in both models. Afterwards, a nearest-neighbor matching procedure was used to pair households that (1) live in poverty and (2) are materially deprived. That led to (1) 5 378 and (2) 9 406 observations for the subsequent estimations. The outcomes suggest that even when the similarity between households is accounted for the unemployment status is the most influential factor of poverty and material deprivation, alongside with low equivalised disposable income. Furthermore, the households for which housing costs entail great burden are among the more threatened. Numerous households are more likely to be poor and deprived while larger houses and flats are related with lesser odds of poverty and material deprivation.

The diploma thesis provides identification of low-income households in the Czech Republic and evaluates their living conditions. Primary data source is European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions. The thesis deals with income situation in Czech households and measures income inequality. Four ways are used for the determination of low-income households: income poverty line, first income decile, material deprivation and unemployment. The development of a number of low-income households and their income is evaluated in period 2007–2016. The combination of four previous methods identifies an extremely vulnerable part of the population. The structure of incomes of low-income households and the relevance of social transfers are explained. For assessment of living conditions in low-income households, the decomposition of the indicator of the material deprivation is used. The thesis reveals the determinants of income of households and identifies typical low-income households.

This diploma thesis deals with the living conditions of the first income quintile households in the Czech Republic and four countries of the European Union (Austria, Portugal, Sweden, United Kingdom), which were selected on the basis of cultural affinity zones. The main data source was Eurostat database, specifically European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) and Household Budget Survey (HBS). Data on standard of living, income, poverty and social exclusion, housing, consumption expenditure, savings and subjective well-being are analysed and compared. Based on the results of indicators that determine living conditions of low-income households, recommendations are established.

This master thesis focuses on a relationship between poverty and conflict. The aim is to analyze poverty as a potential cause of internal conflict. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part discusses the multidimensional character of poverty, the nature of a nexus between poverty and conflict and introduces modern concepts of economic causes of conflict. The second part tests if higher personal income reduces the probability of internal conflict to emerge. Both phenomena are transformed into a simple mathematical function in order to test their nexus. Characteristics of both regional and universal nature of their relationship are scrutinized. Finally, poverty is not universally believed to be a major cause of civil conflicts. However, poverty is suggested to be a major cause of internal conflicts if personal income is not high enough to satisfy basic human meets. The level of violence, under which conflicts are likely to emerge, is believed to be set at the level of 2$ (of daily income). #English version of the thesis is available per request.#

TITLE: Vlastimila Hradecka and the way to Naděje AUTHOR: Bc. et Bc. Marie Jará DEPARMENT: Department of Special Education of Faculty of education Charles University in Prague SUPERVISOR: PhDr. Monika Mužáková, Ph.D. ABSTRACT: The thesis titled Vlastimila Hradecka and the path to NADĚJE aims to chart life of founder of civic association NADĚJE Vlastimila Hradecka and circumstances which contributed to creation of this organization. It also deals her's voluntary actions in refugee camps and activities during founding of individual centers of help at NADĚJE. Shows actual state of this association and programs which provide to clients with a view of the further development. As processing was used the method of qualitative research via of oral history on the basis of interview with family and former colleagues of Vlastimila Hradecka. The thesis includes photography. KEYWORDS: Vlastimila Hradecka, NADĚJE, refugee, social work, homelessness, poorness

This thesis analyzes the trade liberalization implemented in the form of FTA between Peru and USA in 2009 and its effect on the welfare of different clusters of individuals. In the ambient of economy with high income inequities it evaluates the liberalization separately for different income-level samples. The research is based on the comparison of groups of individuals occupied in sectors that were already liberalized by other market opening tools before 2009 and groups recently affected by the FTA. The analysis is than accomplished on the household survey panel data covering the period between 2007 and 2010. The findings suggest the trade liberalization positively affected not only the wealthier population but also the poor, both from the category of individuals working in sectors producing for domestic consumption. The positive effect on export-oriented producers hasn't been approved.

This thesis is devoted to the complex of problems which characterize Latin American metropolis on the threshold of the 21st century. It is illustrated in the example of the Peruvian capital Lima which cumulates high amount of the symptomatic maladies of the urbanized areas in this part of the World. The emphasis is mostly put on the issue of the internal migration in Peru and its consequence in a radical change of urbanization, especially the fast growth of the slums on the peripheries. The work also deals with the phenomena which are closely connected with it - criminality, decline in quality of life in the city and disruption of its structures, exhausted environment and predisposition to davastation caused by natural disasters. The aim is to show the coherence of above- mentioned aspects, their common origin and to put them in the context of problems in Peru when the main accent is on the aspect of poverty and cultural-racial barrier.

The goal of the diploma thesis is to determine the current position of the Fair Trade concept in the framework of social responsibility within the European context, to find out strengths and weaknesses, evaluate them, and make the recommendations for the future development and improvement of the European social responsibility with regard to the Fair Trade, as one of the visible activity belonging to the social responsibility approach. The theoretical part focuses on introducing of basic principles of social responsibility and Fair Trade in the European context. In the empirical part, the primary data are collected with the qualitative method using expert interviews with the key experts from Fair Trade area. Personal opinions and suggestions from professionals and experts are presented and summarized. Afterwards, the empirical finding are compared with theoretical background and results are interpreted.

The thesis deals with the life of people over sixty-five years, with special focus on financial security and loneliness. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the problems of aging and aging-related changes. Following chapters are devoted to the issues of poverty, gender inequalities in old age and social exclusion. Furthermore, according to the available scientific literature, i describe the themes of loneliness, the impact of loneliness on health and the importance of interpersonal relationships on the issue of loneliness. The thesis aims to better understand the impact of life events and life circumstances on poverty and loneliness in the lives of respondents, and how were these aspects perceived and experienced in the past. Also how do they perceive their current situation, especially in the area of the financial safety and loneliness. There was random selection of five respondents for the research with special objectives in mind equal participation both men and women and living alone after divorce or widowhood and marriage / partnership. These respondents retold their life stories with the help of extensive narrative interviews, which I later transcribed in detail and carefully read through, not to omit important milestones in their lives, which helped me to accomplish the aim of the thesis. For the practical part of the thesis I have chosen the strategy of qualitative research using narrative interviews. Narrative mode is based on a unique and compelling life story presentation with an emphasis on life experience. This technique is suitable for the older generation, which was also confirmed during the research. Two main questions were established for the research. 1.Did the experienced life events and life circumstances influence poverty and loneliness in their current lives? 2. How they perceived and experienced the poverty and loneliness during their lifetime? To answer these questions, it was necessary to keep the conversation arend relevant topics. The research resulted in the following conclusions. Surprisingly, respondents feel no poverty, although the level of their pension is often very near poverty area. Poverty is percieved as the situation of nothing to eat, nowhere to live and no means of subsistence. The explanation lies in the fact that all respondents lived in a time and place where you had to make do with less, and it is the source of their modesty and unpretentiousness. All respondents agree that the transition to retirement was an important milestone in their lives. Altough current pensions doesn't provide for that much activities they were accustomed to, they don't perceive their situation as feeling poor. You can say, that a modest life prepare respondents for life in retirement. In a similar way, respondents expressed the theme of loneliness. In all the interviews family was dominating factor. Respondents living in villages and small sized towns declare to maintain good neighbor relationships, often lasting from the time of childhood. Loneliness is most often associated with the loss of a partner. In the stories of two female respondents, there was loneliness occurance after the death of a partner. This period is stated as the worst in their life and they felt most alone then. Currently the loneliness is compensated by their children and grandchildren.