Master's thesis consists of two parts, theoretical and practical. In the theoretical section are listed basic information about alternative aggregates used for concrete mixture, like polystyrene, cinder and recycled concrete. Further, the influence of these alternative aggregates, used as secondary raw materials, on the behaviour and properties of fresh respectively hardened concrete. Possibilities of application concrete containing secondary raw materials are mentioned. In the practical part are experimentally verified physical and mechanical properties of concrete containing crushed waste polystyrene beads, furthermore thermal insulation properties and resistance to elevated temperatures is tested. Influence of heating plant cinder powder as active addition to concrete mixture was tested. As a next is prepared concrete with replacement of coarse aggregate by cinder and recycled concrete and tested. The influence of these secondary raw materials on workability, compressive strength, frost resistance and water permeability of concrete is also defined. The last part of research is focused on recycled concrete such as main material used in mixture of aggregates bonded with cement, dispose for base layers in roads. In conclusion are discussed results from experimental research and summary of knowledge’s about using polystyrene, cinder and recycled concrete as aggregates for concrete mixtures.

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Nowadays the attention to the utilization of secondary raw materials as a component of building materials is being paid to in the Czech Republic and in the world. This thesis deals with possibilities of using secondary raw materials as partial cement substitutes in industrial floors. The aim of this thesis is to verify the influence of cement substitution amount with secondary raw materials and their fineness of grinding on the properties of the floor surface in time and on its structure. On the basis of the acquired knowledge, the influence of the pre-treatment of the secondary raw material on the properties of the floor ceiling with an emphasis on the economic aspect was assessed. After evaluating the results, some substitution of cement in the floor screed with secondary raw materials is beneficial. The significant influence of more intensive milling of the floor screeds base on the parameters of the final floor screed was not confirmed. It seems, that it is possible to achieve very good results even when using secondary raw materials with a lower percentage of fine particles. This brings together the economic benefits of lowering the cost of a lower dose of expensive cement by using cheaper secondary raw materials, because pre-treatment of such materials does not require the use of a large amount of energy.

Production wastes for which a direct use in another production is found become secondary raw materials. There are several institutions in Czech Republic and in the world, which are currently dealing with the issue. This thesis deals with the issue of cementitious spray concrete mixtures and deals with the possibilities of using secondary raw materials and waste from production as partial replacement of binder and filler in these mixtures. The aim of this theses is to optimize the composition of additives in the recipe of the commercially produced pray mixture and to verify the influence of the degree of substitution of binder or filler by secondary raw materials on its physical-mechanical properties. The aim is to maintain or increase these properties while substituting the binder and filler as much as possible. After the evaluation of results, it is possible to say, by suitable optimization of the additives it is possible to achieve a significant improvement of the physical-mechanical properties of the mass and furthermore, from the results of this thesis follows, that by substitution of 100% fine filler in combination with substitution of 30% binder it is possible to maintain or increase the physical-mechanical properties after 28 days of curing and to significantly increase these properties after 90 days of curing. The results of this thesis are also related to the reduction of economic impact on production of the spray mixture, mainly due to the use of secondary raw materials.

Autoclaved aerated concrete is a used building material, especially for its thermal insulating properties. During autoclaving, an aerated concrete microstructure produces crystalline CSH phases, primarily tobermorite. The ingoing substances are calcium oxide and silica. In addition to commonly used raw materials, secondary raw materials rich in silicon dioxide can be used for production. The use of secondary raw materials gives the opportunity for the construction industry to be more environmentally friendly. Another benefit is the reduction of financial costs. The work explores the influence of individual secondary raw materials on the microstructure. High-temperature fly ash, fluid fly ash, cinder, ground glass and zeolite were used The raw materials were mixed with unalloyed lime at a molar ratio of calcium oxide to silicon dioxide of 0.73 and 1.0. Autoclaving capsules were used to synthesize tobermorite under laboratory conditions. Autoclave was performed at 170 °C and 190 °C with hydrothermal durations of 4, 8 and 16 hours. The most important influence on the microstructure was high-temperature fly ash, on the contrary, the greatest influence on the mechanical properties is attributed to the ground glass.