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NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF COMBUSTION AND OXIDATION IN A STEEL REHEAT FURNACEBethany M Worl (8108528) 12 December 2019 (has links)
<div>The objective of this research was to develop an efficient simulation of an industrial reheating furnace with a flexible scale formation model and to apply the models to study various conditions within an industrial reheating furnace. This work focused on developing a model capable of considering many different key variables that influence scale formation. The scale formation model was incorporated into the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS Fluent © to solve a coupled steady-state and transient simulation. It was also generalized for a low-carbon steel product, so it may not be adequate to cover the effects of alloying metals on the oxidation process. In order to verify the accuracy of these models, baseline cases were simulated and validated against both industrial data and findings from experiments in published literature.</div><div><br></div><div>A parametric study with two levels of oxygen enrichment implementation in only the preheat zone was undertaken to study the effects on the heat transfer, scale formation, and fluid flow within the reheat furnace. A medium oxygen enrichment case of 46 vol% oxygen and an oxy-fuel case were used for study. Both oxygen enrichment cases showed largely increased heat transfer to the slab in the preheat zone and increased scale formation. Based on these results, 46 vol% oxygen enrichment is recommended for use in a typical industrial reheat furnace with additional firing rate drawback to reduce scaling and to reduce the chance of overheating the steel slab product.</div>
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Estudi de configuracions de bioreactors i materials de rebliment per al tractament de mescles complexes de compostos orgànics i inorgànics volàtilsHernández Sicilia, Jerónimo 03 June 2011 (has links)
En el desenvolupament d’aquesta tesi s’ha intentat donar solució a diverses necessitats observades en equips i instal·lacions a nivell industrial. En aquest sentit, cal destacar el fet d’haver estat en contacte directe amb la realitat industrial, ja que ha permès tenir un concepte més acurat de les necessitats del camp de la biofiltració a escala real. Aquesta visió és la que manca en alguns casos i provoca la pèrdua de perspectiva en l’aplicabilitat real de diversos estudis doctorals. Aquestes necessitats van derivar en diversos estudis, on es van avaluar diferents materials de rebliment clàssics i novedosos en diferents configuracions de bioreactors pel tractament de mescles complexes.
Amb aquest objectiu es realitzen les següents aportacions científiques:
Caracterització físico química dels materials de rebliment utilitzats al llarg de la tesi.
Desenvolupament d’una metodologia per a la fabricació d’un nou material híbrid format per argil·la pirol·litzada recoberta d’una fina capa de compost per a la seva utilització en biofiltres convencionals.
Avaluació de la influència d’utilitzar un cultiu específic com a inòcul en la biodegradació d’NH3 i una barreja de compostos orgànics volàtils, COVs (hexanal, àcid butíric, DMS (dimetil sulfur), DMDS (dimetil disulfur), MIBK (metil isobutil cetona) i α-pinè), empleant el material híbrid inoculat amb el cultiu específic front al material híbrid inoculat amb llots d’una estació depuradora d’aigües residuals.
Estudiar la viabilitat de la fusta de pi i d’àlber en biofiltres percoladors tractant una mescla complexa, composta per etilmercaptà (EM), àcid butíric, NH3 i H2S, durant un període d’operació de gairebé 100 dies en termes d’eficàcia, estabilitat i pèrdua de càrrega.
Du a terme l’estudi d’efectes creuats entre H2S, NH3 i l’EM en dos biofiltres percoladors reblits amb fusta d’àlber i escuma de poliuretà, mitjançant l’increment de la concentració de N-espècies (NH4+, NO2- i NO3-) i S-espècies (SO42- i S2-) a la fase líquida dels biofiltres percoladors.
Du a terme estudis poblacionals mitjançant la tècnica de FISH (fluorescence hybridization in situ). Es va fer un seguiment de l’evolució temporal i longitudinal d’espècies sulfuro oxidants i nitrificants al biofiltre reblit amb escuma de poliuretà.
Part d’aquest estudi científic es troba publicat en un article a una revista científica internacional i s’està en fase d’elaboració de tres més. D’altra banda, els resultats obtinguts en aquesta tesi s’han presentat en tres congressos internacionals.
No es va perseguir un únic objectiu en el desenvolupament d’aquesta tesi. S’ha intentat donar solució a les diverses necessitats observades a nivell industrial. En aquest sentit, cal destacar el fet d’haver estat en contacte directe amb la realitat ja que ha permès tenir una concepte més acurat de les necessitats reals al camp de la biofiltració a nivell industrial. De fet, part dels resultats obtinguts s’estan utilitzant a nivell industrial amb èxit. A més, el coneixement adquirit ha permès l’aplicació de les estratègies d’operació desenvolupades dins d’aquesta tesis en altres estudis relacionats dins del mateix grup d’investigació. / In the development of this thesis the main objective was to give an answer to several requirements observed at industrial facilities. In this sense, it is necessary to highlight the direct contact between our research group and the industrial facilities in cooperation, which allowed having a more accurate concept of the main needs in the field of the biofiltration at real scale. This vision is usually missing at laboratory studies and can cause a big distance between the real necessities and as a result the real applicability of several thesis. These requirements ended up in several studies, where different novel and classic packing materials have been evaluated under different configurations of bioreactor for the treatment of complex mixtures.
With this purpose as the main aim the following scientific contributions were achieved:
Physico chemical characterization of the packing materials employed along the thesis. Development of a methodology for the manufacture of a new hybrid material constituted by a spherical argyle pellets covered with a fine layer of compost for its use in conventional biofilters.
Evaluate the influence of using several enriched cultures as inocula on the treatment of a complex mixture with the new hybrid packing material versus a classical packing material such as pine bark. The pollutants were NH3 and a mixture of six volatile organic compounds, COVs (hexanal, α-pinene, DMS (dimethyl sulphide), DMDS (dimethyl disulphide), MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone) and butyric acid). These compounds were selected as they regularly appear in emissions of municipal solid waste treatment facilities.
Study the feasibility of pine and poplar wood in biotrickling filters treating a complex mixture, composed by ethylmercaptan (EM), butyric acid, NH3 and H2S, during a period of operation of almost 100 days in terms of removal efficiency, stability and pressure drop.
Carry out a crossed effect study between NH3, H2S and EM in two biotrickling filters packed with poplar wood and polyurethane foam, by means of the increase of the concentration of N-species (NH4+, NO2- and NO3-) and S-species (SO42- and S2-) in the liquid phase of the biotrickling filters.
Study the evolution of the bacterial community of a lab-scale biotrickling filter packed with polyurethane foam treating a complex mixture (NH3, H2S and EM) by means of FISH technique (fluorescence in situ hybridization). This study was applied in order to describe microbial composition and dynamics along the bioreactor.
Part of this work has been published in an international scientific journal and three more publications are under preparation. Furthermore, the results obtained in this thesis have presented in three international conferences.
On the other hand, as a result of being in direct contact with the industrial requirements, part of these results obtained has been successfully applied at real scale. Moreover, the knowledge achieved in this thesis has allowed the application of several operational strategies in other related studies in the same research group.
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