Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1921. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-58).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 1930. / Cover title. "Reprinted from the American journal of botany, vol. XVIII, no. 1 ... January, 1931." "Literature cited": p. 76-78.

<i>Claviceps purpurea</i>, a fungal pathogen, of ergot diseases in agriculturally important cereal crops, produces high levels of glycerides containing ricinoleic acid (12-hydroxyoctadec-cis-9-enoic acid) in its sclerotia. A fatty acid hydroxylase (CpFAH) involved in the biosynthesis of ricinoleic acid was recently identified from <i>C. purpurea</i>. This research describes the biochemical characterization of a type II diacylglycerol acyltransferase (CpDGAT2) involved in the assembly of this fatty acid into triglycerides from <i>C. purpurea</i>. Expression of CpDGAT2 in a quadruple mutant <i>Saccharomyses cerevisiae</i> H1246, in which all four triacylglycerol (TG) biosynthesis genes (DGA1, LOR1, ACAT1 and ACAT2) were disrupted, restored the ability of the mutant to synthesize TGs <i>in vivo</i>. <i>In vitro</i> enzymatic assays of microsomal preparations of the transformants indicated that CpDGAT2 preferentially use ricinoleic acid over linoleic acid, oleic acid and linolenic acids as acyl donor, and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol over 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol as acyl acceptor. CpDGAT2 did not show any activities for the formation of wax esters and estolides when 1-hexadecanol and triricinolein were used as acyl acceptors. Co-expression of CpFAH and CpDGAT2 in yeast resulted in increased accumulation of ricinoleic acids compared to expression of CpFAH along with the yeast native DGAT2 (ScDGA1) or expression of CpFAH alone. Northern blot analysis indicated that CpFAH is solely expressed in sclerotium cells and no transcripts of this gene were detected in mycelium and conidium cells. CpDGAT2 is more widely expressed in cell types examined except for conidiospores where the expression is low. The highest expression of CpDGAT2 was detected in 20 day-old sclerotium cells where the highest levels of ricinoleate glycerides are accumulated. Collectively, these data indicate CpDGAT2 and CpFAH are two key enzymes coordinating the biosynthesis and bioassembly of ricinoleic acid in <i>C. purpurea</i>.

<i>Claviceps purpurea</i>, a fungal pathogen, of ergot diseases in agriculturally important cereal crops, produces high levels of glycerides containing ricinoleic acid (12-hydroxyoctadec-cis-9-enoic acid) in its sclerotia. A fatty acid hydroxylase (CpFAH) involved in the biosynthesis of ricinoleic acid was recently identified from <i>C. purpurea</i>. This research describes the biochemical characterization of a type II diacylglycerol acyltransferase (CpDGAT2) involved in the assembly of this fatty acid into triglycerides from <i>C. purpurea</i>. Expression of CpDGAT2 in a quadruple mutant <i>Saccharomyses cerevisiae</i> H1246, in which all four triacylglycerol (TG) biosynthesis genes (DGA1, LOR1, ACAT1 and ACAT2) were disrupted, restored the ability of the mutant to synthesize TGs <i>in vivo</i>. <i>In vitro</i> enzymatic assays of microsomal preparations of the transformants indicated that CpDGAT2 preferentially use ricinoleic acid over linoleic acid, oleic acid and linolenic acids as acyl donor, and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol over 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol as acyl acceptor. CpDGAT2 did not show any activities for the formation of wax esters and estolides when 1-hexadecanol and triricinolein were used as acyl acceptors. Co-expression of CpFAH and CpDGAT2 in yeast resulted in increased accumulation of ricinoleic acids compared to expression of CpFAH along with the yeast native DGAT2 (ScDGA1) or expression of CpFAH alone. Northern blot analysis indicated that CpFAH is solely expressed in sclerotium cells and no transcripts of this gene were detected in mycelium and conidium cells. CpDGAT2 is more widely expressed in cell types examined except for conidiospores where the expression is low. The highest expression of CpDGAT2 was detected in 20 day-old sclerotium cells where the highest levels of ricinoleate glycerides are accumulated. Collectively, these data indicate CpDGAT2 and CpFAH are two key enzymes coordinating the biosynthesis and bioassembly of ricinoleic acid in <i>C. purpurea</i>.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2003--Jena.

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Microbiology and Plant Pathology / unrestricted

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 59 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

Ergot, caused by the fungal pathogen Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul., attacks the floral organs of many grassy species resulting in sclerotia production rather than grain. Infection causes reduced yields, downgrading, and poisoning if consumed by humans or animals. Few recent studies have been conducted on ergot in wheat (Triticum spp.), and prevention is the only means of control. The objectives of this study were to determine if western Canadian spring wheat differed in reaction to infection with C. purpurea and if levels of inoculum would affect disease intensity in a field setting. Three variables were measured for the field experiments to determine disease reaction, including percent sclerotia by weight, number of sclerotia per spike, and weight per sclerotium. In the first experiment, nine wheat cultivars were tested using three inoculum levels. No significant differences were detected among inoculum levels. In the second and third experiments, ninety-two cultivars were studied in field and controlled conditions. Honeydew production, sclerotial size, and the percent of florets aborted were added as variables in the growth chamber experiment. Pearson correlations were calculated using cultivar means for the field and controlled environments. Results indicate that there are differences in disease reaction among cultivars and market classes, but these differences varied depending on the evaluation method used. In the field, CWAD wheat had the smallest sclerotia, but had more per spike compared to the CWRS and CWES market classes. There were no significant differences among these market classes for percent sclerotia by weight. In the growth chamber, CWAD wheat generally had the lowest ergot infection levels. When comparing the market classes within T. aestivum (CWRS, CPS, and CWES), there were no significant differences except for honeydew production. The correlation between environments was not significant for any of the variables, suggesting alternate resistance mechanism expression. In the field, reduced infection may be due to an escape mechanism, while artificial inoculation in a controlled environment may detect a physiological resistance mechanism. However, a group of cultivars with Grandin parentage showed promising results in both environments, and might confer resistance that could be integrated into disease resistance breeding programs.

Submitted by Claudia Rocha (claudia.rocha@udesc.br) on 2018-03-15T14:34:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA15MA209.pdf: 754313 bytes, checksum: d222ad27deddfb1802f4b7162c86c21e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-15T14:34:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA15MA209.pdf: 754313 bytes, checksum: d222ad27deddfb1802f4b7162c86c21e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-03 / FUMDES / Ergotism is a disease caused by ingestion of sclerotia called ergot, which contains alkaloids that act on adrenergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic causing direct effect on blood vessels, smooth muscle and central and autonomic nervous system. The present study describes epidemiological data, clinical signs and lesions of a cattle disease characterized by hyperthermia, tachycardia, tachypnea and injuries in the coronary band of the hoof. Initially cause was attributed to the fungus Claviceps purpurea. Between 2000 and 2014 were reported 13 outbreaks, three distérmica form, three nervous form and seven gangrenous form. However, in five of the seven outbreaks of the gangrenous form, in places where animals grazed there was loads of inflorescences of smut grass (Sporobolus indicus) contaminated by a blackened fungus, classified as Bipolaris australis. The disease was reproduced experimentally by administration of inflorescences of smut grass contaminated by B. australis. For five cattle were administered daily doses of 0.1 g/kg, 0.2 g/kg, 0.2 g/Kg, 0.26 g/kg and 0.34 g/kg for 4, 7, 9, 30 and 30 days respectively. After three to seven days of eating contaminated inflorescences four cattle had diarrhea, tachycardia, tachypnea and intermittent hyperthermia. These clinical signs coincided with warmer days and warmer temperatures of the day. An animal showed hyperemia in the coronary band of the hoof and loss of the tail end of the hair. According to results of this study in cattle, can prove that smut grass (Sporobolus indicus) contaminated by B. australis can cause hyperthermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, injuries in the coronary band of the hoof and loss of the tail end of the hair / Ergotismo é uma enfermidade causada pela ingestão de escleródios chamados de ergot, que contém alcalóides que atuam em receptores adrenérgicos, dopaminérgicos e seratoninérgicos causando efeito direto em vasos sanguíneos, musculatura lisa e sistema nervoso central e autônomo. Descrevem-se dados epidemiológicos, sinais clínicos e lesões de uma enfermidade de bovinos caracterizada por hipertermia, taquicardia, taquipneia e ulcerações na coroa do casco de bovinos. Inicialmente a etiologia foi atribuída ao fungo Claviceps purpurea. Entre 2000 e 2014 foram descritos 13 surtos, três da forma distérmica, três da forma nervosa e sete da forma gangrenosa. Porém, em cinco destes sete surtos, nos locais onde esses animais pastoreavam havia grande quantidade de inflorescências de Sporobolus indicus conhecido como “capim-mourão”, contaminadas por um fungo com coloração enegrecida, identificado como Bipolaris australis. A enfermidade foi reproduzida experimentalmente em cinco bovinos com a administração destas inflorescências. Os bovinos em experimentação receberam respectivamente doses diárias de 0,1g/kg, 0,2g/kg, 0,2g/kg, 0,26g/kg e 0,34g/kg por um período de 4, 7, 9, 30 e 30 dias. Após três a sete dias de ingestão das inflorescências contaminadas, quatro dos cinco animais apresentaram diarreia e manifestaram taquicardia, taquipneia e hipertermia em algum período durante a ingestão. Estes sinais coincidiram com os dias mais quentes deste período. Um animal manifestou hiperemia na coroa do casco e perda de pêlos da extremidade da cauda. Baseado na reprodução experimental é possível afirmar que o capim Sporobolus indicus contaminado pelo fungo Bipolaris australis é capaz de causar hipertermia, taquicardia, taquipneia, hiperemia na coroa do casco e perda de pêlos da extremidade da cauda

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