Ao longo dos anos a medicina vem se desenvolvendo rapidamente e junto com ela desenvolvem-se os métodos e processos de diagnósticos. Estes métodos ficam mais rápidos, precisos e cada vez menos invasivos graças ao desenvolvimento de dispositivos diagnósticos a cada dia menores e que produzam respostas confiáveis. Os biossensores são, sem dúvida, os grandes responsáveis pela miniaturização, barateamento e rapidez de diversos métodos diagnósticos e procedimentos clínicos utilizados diariamente. Dentre os diferentes tipos de biossensores existentes, destacamos os biossensores embasados em transistores de efeito de campo (FETs), mais precisamente os biossensores a base de transistor de efeito de campo de porta estendida (EGFET). Analisamos nesse trabalho os procedimentos de medida utilizando filmes finos de óxido de estanho dopados com flúor (FTO) como membrana sensível a íons H+ acoplados à porta de um EGFET, que podem servir de base para a construção de um biossensor no futuro. Já existem artigos na literatura atual que fazem uso de FTO como membrana sensível a íons H+ e OH-. Entretanto, nenhum dos artigos disponíveis faz um bom controle de alguns parâmetros, em alguns casos relativamente simples, ou se fazem não deixam claro de que maneira estão controlando esses parâmetros. Tais parâmetros são de fundamental importância na resposta final dos sensores uma vez que eles interferem significativamente no sinal dos mesmos. Mostramos no presente trabalho que parâmetros como a luz, a sequência em que os pHs são medidos pela amostra, o procedimento de limpeza das amostras e até as características morfológicas das amostras são importantes no processo de adsorção e retirada de íons da superfície da membrana. Mostramos também que cada amostra necessita uma rotina diferente quanto à sequência de medidas e até mesmo procedimentos de limpeza para que seu rendimento seja máximo, e como diferentes amostras evoluem ao longo do tempo. Como solução aos problemas citados, descrevemos o uso correto de duas amostras que apresentaram reprodutibilidade em seus dados e invariância entre os resultados coletados por diferentes sequências de medidas. Por fim, deixamos uma proposta sobre a dinâmica que ocorre durante os processos de adsorção e retirada de íons H+ e OH- na superfície dos filmes. Com base em nossa proposta fizemos cálculos teóricos estimados da quantidade de cargas que são adsorvidas na superfície do filme para as diferentes situações encontradas durante os experimentos. / Over the years the medicine has been developing rapidly and along with it develop methods and diagnostic procedures. These methods become faster, more accurate and less invasive thanks to the development of diagnostic devices each day minors and producing reliable answers. The biosensors are undoubtedly the major responsible for miniaturization, cheaper and rapidity of various diagnostic methods and clinical procedures used every day. Among the different types of existing biosensors, we highlight the biosensors grounded in field effect transistors (FETs), more precisely the biosensor based in extended gate field effect transistor (EGFET). We analyzed on this work measurement procedures using tin oxide thin films doped with fluorine (or fluorine tin oxide FTO) as sensitive the membrane to H+ ions bounded to the gate of an EGFET, which can serve as a basis for building a biosensor in the future. Articles has already been written reporting the use of the FTO as sensitive membrane to ion H+ and OH-. However, none article available makes a good control of some parameters, in some cases relatively simple, or if they do not make it clear the way they are controlling these parameters. These parameters are of crucial importance in the final response of the sensors since they interfere significantly in signal of the sensors. So, we shown in this work, which parameters as light, the sequence in which the pHs are measured by the sample, the cleaning procedure of samples and even the morphological characteristics of the samples are important in the process of adsorption and ion withdrawal of membrane surface. We shown also that each sample requires a different routine on the following measures and even cleaning procedures for your maximum income is, and how different samples evolve over time. As a solution to the problems cited, we describe the correct use of two samples that showed reproducibility in your data and invariance between the results collected by different sequences of measures. Finally, we leave a proposal on the dynamics that occurs during adsorption processes and withdrawal ion H+ and OH- on the surface of the films. Based on our proposal did theoretical calculations estimated quantity of loads that are adsorb on the surface of the film for the different situations encountered during experiments.

Ao longo dos anos a medicina vem se desenvolvendo rapidamente e junto com ela desenvolvem-se os métodos e processos de diagnósticos. Estes métodos ficam mais rápidos, precisos e cada vez menos invasivos graças ao desenvolvimento de dispositivos diagnósticos a cada dia menores e que produzam respostas confiáveis. Os biossensores são, sem dúvida, os grandes responsáveis pela miniaturização, barateamento e rapidez de diversos métodos diagnósticos e procedimentos clínicos utilizados diariamente. Dentre os diferentes tipos de biossensores existentes, destacamos os biossensores embasados em transistores de efeito de campo (FETs), mais precisamente os biossensores a base de transistor de efeito de campo de porta estendida (EGFET). Analisamos nesse trabalho os procedimentos de medida utilizando filmes finos de óxido de estanho dopados com flúor (FTO) como membrana sensível a íons H+ acoplados à porta de um EGFET, que podem servir de base para a construção de um biossensor no futuro. Já existem artigos na literatura atual que fazem uso de FTO como membrana sensível a íons H+ e OH-. Entretanto, nenhum dos artigos disponíveis faz um bom controle de alguns parâmetros, em alguns casos relativamente simples, ou se fazem não deixam claro de que maneira estão controlando esses parâmetros. Tais parâmetros são de fundamental importância na resposta final dos sensores uma vez que eles interferem significativamente no sinal dos mesmos. Mostramos no presente trabalho que parâmetros como a luz, a sequência em que os pHs são medidos pela amostra, o procedimento de limpeza das amostras e até as características morfológicas das amostras são importantes no processo de adsorção e retirada de íons da superfície da membrana. Mostramos também que cada amostra necessita uma rotina diferente quanto à sequência de medidas e até mesmo procedimentos de limpeza para que seu rendimento seja máximo, e como diferentes amostras evoluem ao longo do tempo. Como solução aos problemas citados, descrevemos o uso correto de duas amostras que apresentaram reprodutibilidade em seus dados e invariância entre os resultados coletados por diferentes sequências de medidas. Por fim, deixamos uma proposta sobre a dinâmica que ocorre durante os processos de adsorção e retirada de íons H+ e OH- na superfície dos filmes. Com base em nossa proposta fizemos cálculos teóricos estimados da quantidade de cargas que são adsorvidas na superfície do filme para as diferentes situações encontradas durante os experimentos. / Over the years the medicine has been developing rapidly and along with it develop methods and diagnostic procedures. These methods become faster, more accurate and less invasive thanks to the development of diagnostic devices each day minors and producing reliable answers. The biosensors are undoubtedly the major responsible for miniaturization, cheaper and rapidity of various diagnostic methods and clinical procedures used every day. Among the different types of existing biosensors, we highlight the biosensors grounded in field effect transistors (FETs), more precisely the biosensor based in extended gate field effect transistor (EGFET). We analyzed on this work measurement procedures using tin oxide thin films doped with fluorine (or fluorine tin oxide FTO) as sensitive the membrane to H+ ions bounded to the gate of an EGFET, which can serve as a basis for building a biosensor in the future. Articles has already been written reporting the use of the FTO as sensitive membrane to ion H+ and OH-. However, none article available makes a good control of some parameters, in some cases relatively simple, or if they do not make it clear the way they are controlling these parameters. These parameters are of crucial importance in the final response of the sensors since they interfere significantly in signal of the sensors. So, we shown in this work, which parameters as light, the sequence in which the pHs are measured by the sample, the cleaning procedure of samples and even the morphological characteristics of the samples are important in the process of adsorption and ion withdrawal of membrane surface. We shown also that each sample requires a different routine on the following measures and even cleaning procedures for your maximum income is, and how different samples evolve over time. As a solution to the problems cited, we describe the correct use of two samples that showed reproducibility in your data and invariance between the results collected by different sequences of measures. Finally, we leave a proposal on the dynamics that occurs during adsorption processes and withdrawal ion H+ and OH- on the surface of the films. Based on our proposal did theoretical calculations estimated quantity of loads that are adsorb on the surface of the film for the different situations encountered during experiments.

For several hundred years there has been a great deal of emphasis on how industries and businesses may encourage excellent production work that does not harm the environment or the working individual. NKT is a world leader company in cable technology and designs, manufactures, and installs voltage cables. The company includes a department where splicing is performed on cables to extend or repair them. To complete the splicing process, however, the inner most structures of the cable must first be cleaned from a substance called compound. Today, this cleaning process is carried out manually by the workers. Despite the efficient operation of NKT's splice department, various risks have been identified that might have a negative impact on both the worker and the environment. On one hand, there is a risk that the cleaning agent containing a certain amount of unhealthy chemicals will encounter the worker and cause health risks, and on the other hand, chemical leakage may occur on the work surface, resulting in a contaminated work area, and unnecessary material waste. This material waste also adds to less cost-effective operations, since bigger amounts will be required to accomplish the intended work, this in relation to the fact that the process requires a considerable time. Thus, the aim of this degree project is to investigate if streamlining the procedure of cleaning the compound from the conductors in high voltage cables before splicing is possible by developing a mechanical device or replacing the current used solvent or both. The methods used for this project were a combination of the design thinking strategy and participatory action research and to deeply understand the methods, a literature review was also performed. The results obtained were a well-detailed virtual simulation in SolidWorks, a functional alpha prototype, and results from a conductivity measurement for PF-Solvent and Strovels Smådelstvätt 100. Although the first laboratory tests showed equivalent effects for PF-Solvent and Strovels Smådelstvätt 100 regarding the solubility of the compound, PF-Solvent's good conductivity properties wereconfirmed while Strovels Smådelstvätt 100 proved not to be suitable for this cleaning procedure due to the big difference in the values. The results obtained from the sustainability template provided the project with useful guidelines for refining the concept into a long-term solution. Many of the components of the physical product will be built from stainless steel, which will make it simpler to recycle at the end of its useful lifespan. In conclusion, it requires a development of a device that cleans the conductor from the compound. The device / machine can keep the solvent in a special place and at the same time, the worker has more control over how much solvent is used. According to the laboratory tests, the solvent Strovels Smådelstvätt 100 had an equivalent effect on the compound during the same time interval as PF-Solvent. It was also milder from the environmental and health aspects. Furthermore, the development of a mechanical device can contribute to reduced waste of various materials, such as brushes, gloves, and spray bottles, during the procedure. Finally, investing in such a machine can be expensive, but in the long run this investment leads to savings in materials used today. However, a machine procedure involves a large transition that requires a lot of time, resources and planning as it shall be developed through collaborations with different industries.

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