Exemplos de clusters existentes em todo o mundo comprovam a eficácia da organização empresarial em ambiente de concentração geográfica. Adotando um modelo de intervenção em clusters, a governança normalmente estabelece uma seqüência de atividades que começa pelo diagnóstico e culmina em ações conjuntas e políticas públicas. Entretanto, ao analisar os estudos de caso encontrados na literatura, verifica-se que os métodos de diagnóstico comumente adotados pela governança não estão orientados aos pilares que sustentam desenvolvimento do cluster. Isto estimulou a busca de uma resposta às perguntas: Quais são os fatores que influenciam o desenvolvimento de um cluster? Como elaborar um roteiro de diagnóstico orientado a estes fatores? Inicialmente 11 fatores que influenciam o desenvolvimento de um cluster foram encontrados e se estabelece um roteiro com questões orientadas para o diagnóstico destes fatores. Para analisar a validade destes fatores e sua aplicação para o diagnóstico em clusters, realiza-se uma pesquisa de campo, de abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. Na pesquisa de campo, são utilizadas técnicas de observação participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas, com utilização de formulários. O procedimento é o estudo de caso, sendo realizado no cluster metal mecânico de Sertãozinho. Analisa-se a relação entre os fatores e o desenvolvimento do cluster, bem como a capacidade do instrumento em avaliar corretamente cada fator. Ao final da aplicação, o roteiro ficou composto por 10 fatores: cooperação; gestão; competição; fornecedores; instituições de apoio e governança; pessoas e conhecimento; infra-estrutura local; inovação; energia empreendedora; e cultura comunitária. A principal contribuição desta tese é o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta que dê suporte à governança em sua pretensão de criar ações voltadas ao desenvolvimento de um cluster. / Existing examples of clusters in the whole world prove the effectiveness of the enterprise organization in environment of geographic concentration. Adopting a model of intervention in clusters, the government normally establishes a sequence of activities that starts by the diagnosis and culminates in joint actions and public policies. However, when analyzing the case studies found in literature, are verified that the most adopted method of diagnosis are not guided to the pillars that can support development of cluster. This stimulated the search of a reply to the questions: Which are the factors that influence cluster development? How to elaborate a script of diagnosis guided from these factors? Initially 11 factors that influence cluster development had been found and established a script with questions for the diagnosis of these factors. To analyze the validity of these factors and its application for the cluster diagnosis, a quantitative and qualitative field research was done. In the field research, techniques of participant comment were adopted and interviews were done using semi structuralized questionnaires. The procedure is case study, done in mechanical and metal cluster of Sertãozinho. Were analyzed the relation between the factors and cluster development, as well as the capacity of the instrument in evaluating each factor correctly. In the end of the application, the script had been composed for 10 factors: cooperation; management; competition; suppliers; support and government institutions; people and knowledge; local infrastructure; Innovation; entrepreneurship energy; and communitarian culture. The main contribution of this thesis is the development of a tool that can support the government in its pretension to create joint actions and public policies for the cluster development.

Complexes made by hosts that completely surround their guests provide a mean to stabilize reactive chemical intermediates, transfer biologically active cargo to a diseased cell, and construct molecular scale devices. By the virtue of inorganic host-guest self-assembly, the nucleation processes in the cavity of a {P8W48}-archetype phosphotungstate has afforded a nanoscale 16-GaIII-32-oxo cluster that contain the largest number of GaIII ions yet found in polyoxometalate chemistry. Catalytic activity via thus “Metal-Oxo Cluster within Cluster” Assembly has been preliminarily investigated. Besides, the hybrid aggregates composed of the inorganic {P8W48} and orgainc cyclic moiety has been studied.

Synthetic nanomagnetite has been suggested as a potential reactant for the in-situ treatment of contaminated groundwater. Although the application of nanomagnetite for environmental remediation is promising, a full understanding of its reactivity has been deterred by the propensity of the nanoparticles to aggregate and form clusters. To characterize the factors responsible for this aggregation behavior, we determined the magnetic properties of magnetite using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQuID). Importantly, because magnetite readily reacts with O2 to produce maghemite, we analyzed the effect of oxidation on its magnetic properties. We observed that oxidation caused a decrease in the saturation magnetization and the anisotrophic barrier of magnetite resulting in less significant magnetic interactions between particles. Consequently, a decrease in the aggregation of magnetite clusters and a potential increase in stability are expected after oxidation. To support these findings, an extended series of experiments to measure the aggregation and the sedimentation of clusters of unoxidized and oxidized magnetite nanoparticles were conducted. Although the individual particle diameter remained constant after oxidation, the cluster size and the aggregation and sedimentation kinetics of magnetite were determined to be different. Oxidized samples of magnetite tended to have lower aggregation rates and were more resistant to sedimentation. These findings can be used to have a better understanding of the overall fate, transport, and reactivity of nanomagnetite, and to gain new insights on its role as a remediation agent in the subsurface environment. / Ph. D.

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published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Mathematics / Master / Master of Philosophy

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