Orientadores: Arnaldo Cesar da Silva Walter, Michelle Cristina Araújo Picoli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T01:53:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CelisTorres_LauraJimenadelPilar_M.pdf: 2012741 bytes, checksum: 2390e3157804be716a5d5a38316ada71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal aprimorar os procedimentos metodológicos anteriormente propostos e que permitem a análise da qualidade de vida em municípios nos quais a atividade canavieira é relevante. O procedimento é baseado em indicadores socioeconômicos censitários e foi aplicado para quatro dos principais estados produtores de cana-de-açúcar do Brasil: Alagoas, Goiás, Paraná e São Paulo, no período de 1970 a 2000. Para isso, primeiramente foram coletados dados dos indicadores socioeconômicos e da localização de usinas e destilarias sucroalcooleiras instaladas nos estados, para os anos estudados. Em seguida, os municípios de cada estado foram classificados em dois grupos: com e sem significativa produção de cana-de-açúcar, assim como os municípios com significativa produção de cana foram sub-classificados em municípios com e sem presença de usinas sucroalcooleiras. Foi então realizada uma comparação dos indicadores socioeconômicos entre esses grupos e foi observado que o grupo de municípios canavieiros apresenta, em média, melhores indicadores socioeconômicos do que o grupo de municípios não canavieiros para os quatro estados. Da comparação do grupo de municípios com e sem usinas, observou-se que, em geral, não há diferenças significativas dos indicadores socioeconômicos, ao nível de 5% de significância. Foi também analisada a evolução do conjunto de indicadores, durante os anos estudados, comparando-se os coeficientes angulares das retas de regressão ajustadas para cada grupo (municípios canavieiros e não canavieiros) e testando-se a existência de diferenças significativas na forma como evoluíram os indicadores. O resultado indica que a vantagem dos municípios canavieiros sobre os não canavieiros tende a diminuir com o passar do tempo. Com o objetivo de se conhecer as razões de existência de municípios canavieiros com melhores e piores indicadores socioeconômicos, foi utilizada a Análise de Cluster para separar de forma não tendenciosa os municípios em grupos de melhores e piores indicadores. Em seguida, for empregada a metodologia de Análise Discriminante. Ao contrário do esperado, os resultados indicam que a diversificação da atividade econômica não explica a existência de municípios com melhores indicadores socioeconômicos / Abstract: This work has as main objective to improve the methodological procedures previously proposed which allow the analysis of quality of life in municipalities where the sugarcane activity is relevant. This procedure is based on socioeconomic indicators and it was applied to four of the through census socioeconomic indicators for four major producing states of sugarcane in Brazil: Alagoas, Goiás, Paraná and São Paulo, from 1970 until 2000. To accomplish this, it was first collected data of the socioeconomic indicators and location of sugarcane mills and distilleries installed in states and in for the years studied. Then, the counties of each state were classified into two groups: with and without significant production of sugarcane. Likewise, municipalities with significant sugarcane production were sub-classified into: municipalities with and without the presence of sugarcane mills Therefore, it was carried out a comparison of the socioeconomic indicators amongst these those groups and it was observed that the sugarcane producing municipalities showed, on average, better higher socioeconomic indicators than the group of non-producing municipalities for the four states. Comparing the group of municipalities with and without distilleries, it was observed that, in general, there are no significant differences in the socioeconomic indicators, at the 5% level of significance. It was also analyzed the evolution of the set of indicators over the years studied, comparing the slopes of regression lines fitted for each group (sugarcane producing and non-producing municipalities) and testing for the existence of significant differences in how the indicators have evolved. The result indicated indicates that the advantage of the sugarcane producing municipalities over non-producing tends to decrease over time. The result indicates that the advantage of the sugarcane producing municipalities over non-producing tends to decrease over time. In order to know the reasons for the existence of sugar cane municipalities with the highest and lowest socioeconomic indicators, it was used Cluster Analysis to separate in a non-biased way municipalities in groups of highest and lowest indicators. Then, the methodology is employed Discriminant Analysis. Contrary to expectations, the results indicate that the diversification of economic activity does not explain the existence of cities with higher socioeconomic indicators / Mestrado / Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos / Mestra em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:06:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_ Clause_Fatima_ Piana.pdf: 1906168 bytes, checksum: 6bfd8bec615dee869166bbd0c0269e0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-13 / In Brazil, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is cultivated in a range of ecologically differentiated environments. For being a culture highly influenced by the environment variation, its average productivity in the Country is unstable and low. An origin of this variation of productivity is the genotype x environment interaction, which has been one of the largest impediments for obtaining genotypes that maintain consistently high yield in the growing environments. The methods proposed for the exploration of the genotype x environment interaction are directed to the stability of the yield of the genotypes or to the regionalization of the growing locations. Most of the common bean genotypes registered for cultivation in Rio Grande do Sul evidences yield instability. The present research explored data from Rio Grande do Sul Common Bean State Trial ("Ensaio Estadual de Feijão" - EEF), executed at 24 locations in the period from 1987/88 to 1994/95, with considerable variation of genotypes and locations among those years. This research had two main objectives: (1) to evaluate the magnitude and the nature of the genotype x environment interaction and (2) to identify possible stratification of the growing region of common bean in the State in sub-regions inside of which the genotypes have stable relative performance. The inferences about the components of the interaction genotype x environment were proceeded by the joint analysis of each one of the eight years and the analyses of two subsets of four years and of the set of eight years. Because of the intent of obtaining a long time regionalization, general for the growing location of the Rio Grande do Sul and for any collection of beans genotypes, the factors year, location and genotype were considered random. The maximum likelihood and the generalized minimum squares methods were used. This approach allowed taking into account the incomplete and unbalanced structure of the data and the heterogeneity of variance of the experimental error. The results of the annual analyses revealed high significance of the component of the interaction genotype x location in all of the years, indicating that the relative performance of the genotypes varies among locations. This interaction was also revealed significant in the analysis of the eight years, but was not significant in the analyses of the two subsets four years. In these three joint analyses of years the triple interaction genotype x location x year was highly significant. The indication of heterogeneous performance of the genotypes among the locations and the possibility that the pattern of performance have some consistence along the years justified the attempt to the grouping of the locations. Cluster analyses were performed for each one of the eight years and for the set of eight years by the method of Sokal and Michener, that uses the Euclidean distance as similarity measure. The cluster analysis of the set of eight years constituted subregions that are generally incoherent with the sub-regions formed by the annual analyses that, by they turn, were inconsistent amongst themselves. This incoherence and inconsistency of groupings disabled the characterization of a division of the State for the regionalization of the indication of cultivars. It should be observed, however, that these evidences might have been influenced by the considerable alterations of the genotypes and of the locations of execution of the EEF among the years of the period from 1987/88 to 1994/95 in whose data they are based. They can also have resulted, partly, of flaws of the experimental techniques adopted in that period of execution of EEF, particularly of the accentuated variations of the sowing date and of the stand by plot. / No Brasil, o feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) é cultivado em uma gama de ambientes ecologicamente diferenciados. Por ser uma cultura altamente influenciada pela variação de ambiente, sua produtividade média no país é instável e baixa. Uma origem da oscilação da produtividade é a interação genótipo x ambiente, a qual tem sido um dos maiores entraves para a obtenção de genótipos que mantenham rendimentos consistentemente elevados nos diversos ambientes de cultivo. Os métodos propostos para a exploração da interação genótipo x ambiente são direcionados para a estabilidade do rendimento dos genótipos ou para a regionalização dos locais de cultivo. A maioria dos genótipos de feijão registrados para cultivo no Rio Grande do Sul evidencia instabilidade de rendimento. A presente pesquisa explorou dados do Ensaio Estadual de Feijão (EEF) do Rio Grande do Sul, conduzido em 24 locais no período de 1987/88 a 1994/95, com variação considerável de genótipos e de locais entre esses anos. Essa pesquisa teve dois objetivos principais: (1) avaliar a magnitude e a natureza da interação genótipo x ambiente e (2) identificar possível estratificação da região de cultivo do feijão no Estado em sub-regiões dentro das quais os genótipos tenham desempenho relativo estável. As inferências sobre os componentes da interação genótipo x ambiente foram procedidas pela análise conjunta de cada um dos oito anos e as análises de dois subconjuntos de quatro anos e do conjunto dos oito anos. Em razão de se pretender lograr uma regionalização de longo prazo, geral para os locais de cultivo do Rio Grande do Sul e para qualquer coleção de genótipos de feijão, os fatores ano, local e genótipo foram considerados aleatórios. Foram utilizadas as metodologias de máxima verossimilhança e quadrados mínimos generalizados. Essa abordagem permitiu levar em conta a estrutura incompleta e não balanceada dos dados e a heterogeneidade da variância do erro experimental. Os resultados das análises anuais revelaram alta significância do componente da interação genótipo x local em todos os anos, indicando que o desempenho relativo dos genótipos se altera entre os locais. Essa interação também se revelou significativa na análise dos oito anos, mas não significativa nas análises dos dois subconjuntos de quatro anos. Nessas três análises conjuntas de anos a interação tripla genótipo x local x ano foi altamente significativa. A indicação de desempenho heterogêneo dos genótipos entre os locais e a possibilidade do padrão desse desempenho ter alguma consistência ao longo dos anos justificou a tentativa de agrupamento desses locais. Foram efetuadas análises de agrupamento para cada um dos oito anos e para o conjunto dos oito anos, pelo método de Sokal e Michener, que utiliza a distância euclidiana como medida de similaridade. A análise de agrupamento do conjunto dos oito anos constituiu sub-regiões incoerentes com as sub-regiões formadas pelas análises anuais que, por sua vez, foram inconsistentes entre si. Essa incoerência e inconsistência de agrupamentos impossibilitaram a caracterização de uma divisão do Estado para a regionalização da indicação de cultivares. Observe-se, entretanto, que essas evidências podem ter sido influenciadas pelas consideráveis alterações dos genótipos e dos locais de condução do EEF no período de 1987/88 a 1994/95 em cujos dados elas se baseiam. Também podem ter decorrido, em parte, de falhas das técnicas experimentais adotadas nesse período de execução do EEF, particularmente das acentuadas variações da data de semeadura e do estande por parcela.

This research sought to identify the variables of greater impact in shaping the Student Equivalent Index Nfte (G), which is used for the allocation of resources in the eight learning centers of the Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, in order to describe through a set of variables related to the budget through the main instruments of planning and control of resources made available to the Brazilian public universities. The data have been obtained from the data processing center of the Federal University of Santa Maria, in the period from 2010 to 2013. The results show that the variables that contribute most to the formation of the (Nfte (G)), are number of Graduates (Ndi) and number of Freshmen (Ni). The largest courses (Nfte (G)) are: Medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine, Civil Engineering, electrical engineering and mechanical engineering. The courses less contribute in the formation of (Nfte (G)) are: Music and Spanish Course. The courses in a second moment, was applied to cluster analysis, which identified with a high degree of similarity between the Ndi and Ni throughout the analysis period. It should be noted, too, that these variables are the only ones that can be directly modified by means of the interaction of public policies. During all years analyzed, the variable retention R was the most inconclusive, corresponding to the lowest average. Also it was found that the clusters presented the same structure of agglomeration. In order to verify the more similar courses, cluster analysis, considering them as variables. Over the years, the more disparate courses were the same presented in descriptive analysis. They are: Medicine, animal science, dentistry, Civil Engineering and mechanical engineering. The more similar courses were bachelor courses. It was noted that, in the four years examined, the subdivision of the groups was also. / Esta pesquisa buscou identificar as variáveis de maior impacto na formação do Índice Aluno Equivalente Nfte(G), O qual é utilizado para a alocação de recursos nos oito Centros de Ensino da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, afim de descrever através de um conjunto de variáveis relacionadas ao orçamento através dos principais instrumentos de planejamento e de controle dos recursos colocados à disposição das universidades públicas brasileiras. Os dados foram obtidos junto ao Centro de Processamento de Dados da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, no período de 2010 a 2013. Os resultados mostram que as variáveis que mais contribuem na formação do (Nfte(G)), são Número de Diplomados (Ndi) e Número de Ingressantes (Ni). Os cursos de maior (Nfte(G)) são: Medicina, Odontologia, Zootecnia, Engenharia Civil, Engenharia Elétrica e Engenharia Mecânica. Os cursos que menos contribuem na formação do (Nfte(G)) são: Música Licenciatura e Letras Espanhol. Os cursos Num segundo momento, foi aplicada a análise de cluster, que se identificou com um alto grau de similaridade entre as variáveis Ndi e Ni ao longo do período analisado. Salientase, também, que essas variáveis são as únicas que podem ser diretamente alteradas por meio da interação de políticas públicas. Durante todos os anos analisados, a variável retenção R foi a mais discrepante, correspondendo à menor média. Também se verificou que os clusters apresentaram a mesma estrutura de aglomeração. Com o intuito de verificar os cursos mais similares, foi realizada a análise de cluster, considerando-os como variáveis. Ao longo dos anos, os cursos mais discrepantes foram os mesmos apresentados na análise descritiva. São eles: Medicina, Zootecnia, Odontologia, Engenharia Civil e Engenharia Mecânica. Os cursos mais similares foram os cursos de licenciaturas. Constatou-se, ainda, que, nos quatro anos analisados, a subdivisão dos grupos se caracterizou igualmente.

The decision-making in a company requires knowledge of the external environment in which it operates. The group of companies, according to an activity or with the behavior of certain variables regardless of the type of product or service, serves as a basis for understanding the relationships and characteristics of businesses in markets that sell or buy. This thesis seeks to evaluate the efficiency of the sector classification from the cluster analysis method. The use of rating sector in studies in the administration area has been based on the assumption that companies within the same industry are similar. So if the classification sector is efficient, it is expected that companies within the same industry form a cluster of industries and companies that are grouped into different clusters mixed. The results, in general, show a high heterogeneity in sectoral clusters or when the number of clusters is suggested by the rule of stopping or BOVESPA criterion. And this heterogeneity is stable, as it remained throughout the study period. Therefore, the results point to the inefficiency of sectoral analysis. The study group of companies from financial and economic data served to identify the lack of homogeneity of the sectors in terms of the indicators when subjected to a classification based solely on the type of goods or services produced. For more precise decisions taken in those sectors can be restructured to incorporate in each group, companies that can be reasonably similar. / O processo de tomada de decisão numa empresa requer conhecimento externo do ambiente em que ela atua. O agrupamento de empresas, de acordo com o ramo de atividade ou com o comportamento de certas variáveis independentemente do tipo de produto ou serviço oferecido, serve como base para a compreensão das características e relações das empresas nos mercados em que vendem ou compram. Esta dissertação busca avaliar a eficiência da classificação setorial a partir do método análise de cluster. A utilização da classificação setorial nos estudos na área de administração tem, por base, o pressuposto de que empresas de um mesmo setor são semelhantes. Portanto, se a classificação setorial é eficiente, espera-se que empresas de um mesmo setor formem um cluster e que empresas de setores diferentes sejam agrupadas em clusters díspares. Os resultados, de um modo geral, demonstram uma alta heterogeneidade setorial nos clusters quer quando o número de clusters é sugerido pela regra de parada ou critério BOVESPA. E esta heterogeneidade é estável, uma vez que se manteve ao longo do período estudado. Portanto, os resultados apontam para a ineficiência da análise setorial. O estudo do agrupamento de empresas a partir de dados econômicos e financeiros serviu para identificar a não existência de homogeneidade dos setores do ponto de vista dos indicadores quando sujeitos a uma classificação baseada unicamente no tipo de bem ou serviço produzido. Para tomadas de decisões mais precisas os setores podem ser reestruturados de modo a incorporar, em cada agrupamento, empresas que possam ser razoavelmente semelhantes.

This thesis investigates the combination of changes in the population and employment into sectors in rural Sweden for the period 1960-2010. The aim is to describe and analyze the demographic changes together with the labour market changes, and to account for the spatial outcome of these changes by considering the heterogeneity of rural areas. The analysis departs from the framework of rural restructuring, where changes in employment and population in rural Sweden are interpreted as local products of the global processes of technological development, social modernization and globalization. Empirically, the analysis is based on a combination of longitudinal censuses and register data on the Swedish population covering the period 1960-2010. The first part of the aim is achieved by applying a life-course perspective and exploiting the longitudinal nature of the data. The life-course perspective distinguishes between historical time and the age of individuals, making it possible to situate changes in employment and migration on the individual level. The second part of the aim is achieved through developing a typology of rural Sweden by doing a cluster analysis on SAMS-areas. The results show that rural change after 1980 was characterized by de-industrialization and the rise of the urban service sector. The period was also characterized by regional urbanization rather than local urbanization. Peripheral urban and rural areas based on industrial employment found themselves with a declining economic motor, which meant that people had to find their source of income elsewhere. The migration stream in this period was thus increasingly directed towards metropolitan or large city centers, and their rural surroundings within commuting distance. However, the more fine-tuned spatial typology reveals that also a few areas in the rural periphery have experienced growth, these areas are mainly attractive places based on various kinds of tourism. It can thus be concluded that different rural areas have experienced, and will continue to experience, the shift from manufacturing to services differently, where some areas have grown in both demographic and employment terms while others have declined. In this sense the heterogeneity of rural areas are a product of both growth and decline – of old development paths that is reaching their end and of new development paths that will continue into the future.

Tax administrations worldwide provide taxpayers with favour and offer them the opportunity to set up transfer pricing system according to pre-agreed criteria. When taxpayer´s system complies with, a tax administrator does not dispute the transaction. Any predefined arrangement leading to the recognition of transfer pricing system by the tax administrator can be defined as a safe harbour. It was found out during the review process of current sources, that there is no relevant research available focused on assessing the appropriateness of introducing safe harbour system for both businesses and government. At the same time, even the OECD does not work with data that would conclusively prove the impact of transfer pricing regulation on companies´ behaviour. For this reason, a research was conducted in this area with focus on the potential of safe harbour to affect tax contributions of enterprises. Financial data were rendered from Amadeus database. The impact of safe harbour system was observed on the time series development of taxation of particular cluster. Cluster analysis was selected as the most suitable method for grouping companies.

No description available.

This diploma thesis deals with the satisfaction of PhD students with facilities for the study by means of data gained from DOKTORANDI 2014 survey. The aim of the thesis is to identify factors that influence the satisfaction with facilities for PhD studies and finding similarities among different fields of studies according to satisfaction with facilities. The first part of this thesis contains a description of higher education with a focus on PhD programs and a description of statistical methods that are subsequently used in analytical part and a description of DOKTORANDI 2014 survey. The analytical part aims to answer the questions which factors affect the PhD students´ satisfaction with facilities for study using logistic regression and decision trees. Further it tries to determine the satisfaction similarities of PhD study fields with facilities for studying using cluster analysis.

The topic of the present thesis is an analysis of a sample data archive containing measured values of real and reactive power. The measurement in question took place in late 2006 and early 2007 using MEg40 recording measurement devices disposed in a station for transforming high voltage to low voltage in the Pražská energetika distribution network. The procedure of processing measured values, the preparation thereof for a subsequent processing by a neural network, and a final statistical evaluation of determined individual clusters -- typical daily take-off diagrams -- will be described. The results of the present thesis may be applied in the making of predictions of electrical energy consumption at a particular transformer station.

Cluster analysis is one of the classification methods of multivariate statistical analysis. The task of this analysis is to classify the objects into clusters so that objects inside these clusters are as similar as possible. The aim of this study is to evaluate the success of the classification of objects using six hierarchical cluster analysis methods. To reflect the distance between the objects, are used squared Euclidean and Mahalanobis distances. The success methods are evaluated through the information, which cluster the object belongs to, and this information is already contained in the data files. This thesis pointed out that the Ward's method is one of the most successful hierarchical method in a classification of objects into clusters. This method has been more successful in sorting objects than the other hierarchical methods, both in the case of leaving the correlated variables in the data file as well as removing them. The results of this work show that the highest success of classification objects into clusters is when the data set is cleaned of correlated variables. If the data file is not cleaned, the methods reach better results when the distance between objects is measured by Euclidean metric.