¡@An automatic transmission that is a transmission device between the engine and drive wheel, offers the vehicle while increasing and decreasing the speed mainly. Its job keeps the engine within a certain working rotational speed range.¡@Although there are many epicyclic-type automatic transmissions in production, the related design methods of lever diagram is not well developed.¡@Thus, the purpose of this research is to develop a systematic design of the epicyclic gear transmissions for automobiles with lever diagrammatical methodology.¡@First, fundamentals and gear-shifting operations of the four-speed and six-speed epicyclic-type automatic transmissions are illustrated to establish the design requirements.¡@Second, based on the basic theories of lever diagram, a procedure is applied to kinematic analysis for automatic transmission existed, and set up composite lever diagrams of 13 two-DOF seven-link epicyclic gear mechanisms and 190 two-DOF nine-link epicyclic gear mechanisms.¡@Next, a general clutching-sequence synthesis of lever diagrammatical method are proposed and illustrated. According to the limit range of lever dimensions established for four and five coaxial components, the clutching-sequences and the ranges of basic gear ratio of the feasible gear trains can be derived.¡@Finally, the planar-graph representation for arranging desired clutch and the number of teeth based on lever dimensions are applied to design six-forward speeds automatic transmission. The result of this work shows that the seven-link two-DOF epicylic gear mechanisms, and the nine-link two-DOF parallel-connected epicylic gear mechanisms could reach four- and six-forward speeds at most, respectively.

Orientador: Auteliano Antunes dos Santos Júnior / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T23:23:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Brazolin_RodrigoTadeu_M.pdf: 5635976 bytes, checksum: cc3a617fb92931974eff7e39f97904de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O mercado de veículos comerciais se caracteriza pela grande diversidade de aplicações. Isto gera uma complexa gama de requisitos para projetos de sistemas de embreagem. Um modelo preciso de simulação é uma ferramenta imprescindível, pois permite a avaliação de forma segura da durabilidade do conjunto de embreagem, otimizando o tempo de desenvolvimento e reduzindo os custos com testes de campo. Os modelos atuais de simulação para avaliação da durabilidade da embreagem foram desenvolvidos para aplicações em veículos de passeio e podem não apresentar a mesma eficácia quando utilizados na simulação de veículos comerciais. Esse trabalho tem o objetivo de desenvolver uma metodologia computacional, para estimativa da vida em serviço, que se aplique a esse mercado de veículos, utilizando simulação Monte Carlo. O modelo de simulação consiste em relacionar de maneira lógica as características de resistência do material de atrito com as características de solicitação geradas na aplicação do veículo. A simulação Monte-Carlo será utilizada para gerar as solicitações de campo. Os resultados encontrados na simulação serão validados por meio de comparação com dados reais de durabilidade encontrados em serviço / Abstract: The commercial vehicles market is characterized for the great applications diversity. This creates complex requirements for projects of clutch systems. An accurate simulation model is an essential tool, because it allows the evaluation of the clutch set durability, optimizing the development time and reducing the costs with field tests. The current simulation models for evaluation of the clutch durability had been developed for applications in passengers vehicles and can not present the same efficacy when used in the simulation of commercial vehicles. This work has the objective to develop a computational methodology, applied in this vehicle market, using the Monte Carlo simulation code. The simulation model consists of relating in logical way the friction material resistance characteristics with the use characteristics generated in the vehicle application. The Monte Carlo simulation will be used to generate the field use. The found results in the simulation will be validated through of comparison with real durability data found in field / Mestrado / Dinâmica / Mestre em Engenharia Automobilistica

Orientador: Milton Dias Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T18:54:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Miyasato_HugoHeidy_M.pdf: 3357683 bytes, checksum: 9fcd8bd237500580084498c606879165 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Fenômenos de ruído, vibração e sua severidade (NVH) são uma grande preocupação da indústria automotiva desde o século 20. A fim de atingir uma vantagem competitiva, as montadoras têm se focado na melhora do desempenho de NVH dos seus produtos para lidar com um cenário de mercado global competitivo. No intuito de verificar o comportamento do sistema durante o processo de desenvolvimento, métodos computacionais são aplicados para encontrar melhores abordagens e na previsão de problemas, economizando tempo e orçamento da empresa gastos na construção de protótipos e testes. Nesse trabalho, gear rattle, um ruído induzido por impacto cuja causa são as engrenagens sem carga da transmissão, será modelado e simulado. É diagnosticado com maior intensidade em veículos com motores diesel em marcha lenta e excitado especificamente quando uma faixa de frequências que causa grande amplitude de vibração nos elementos internos da caixa de câmbio é alcançada. Modelos lineares do trem de potência em ponto morto ou em tração serão estudados, compreendendo as suas características básicas, tais como frequências naturais e modos associados que podem ser representativos do fenômeno. Esse sistema possui elementos com fortes não-linearidades, tais como a rigidez estratificada com histerese da embreagem e a folga entre os dentes dos engrenamentos. Uma caracterização mais realista será incluída no modelo com uma rigidez variante no tempo para o engrenamento helicoidal, utilizado em todas transmissões manuais, com uma componente dissipativa adequada aos impactos. Para verificar condições de operação que podem somente ser avaliadas segundo formulação não-linear, simulações serão realizadas para verificar a eficácia de orientações de solução e propostas de modificação encontradas na literatura / Abstract: Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH) phenomena are a great concern of the automotive industry since the twentieth century. In order to achieve a commercial advantage, manufacturers have focused on improving the NVH performance of their products to cope with a competitive global market scenario. To verify the behavior of the system during the design process, computational methods are applied to find a better approach and foresee problems, saving company budget and time spent in prototypes and tests. In this work, gear rattle, a impact-induced noise caused by the unloaded gear teeth inside the gearbox, will be modeled and simulated. It is diagnosed with a higher intensity in diesel vehicle engines at idle speed and in a more specific way excited when a range of frequency that causes large amplitude of vibration in the internal elements of the gearbox is reached. Linear models of the powertrain operating in idle and traction will be studied, in order to understand its basic characteristics, such as natural frequencies and associated vibration modes that could be representative to this phenomena. This system has elements with strong nonlinearities such as the stratified stiffness with hysteresis of the clutch and the backlash between the gear teeth. A more realistic feature will be included in the model with a time variable stiffness for the helical gear mesh, used in all manual transmissions, with a suitable dissipative component for the impacts. To verify operational conditions which can only be evaluated with nonlinear formulation, simulations will be made to verify the effectiveness of solution guidelines and modification procedures found in literature / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Orientador: Milton Dias Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T19:22:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RoldaoPerestrelo_LeandroTadeu_M.pdf: 15158370 bytes, checksum: 84a10bb14b3381b619db8ff9bb97be9c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O resumo poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: The abstract is available with the full electronic document / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

The master’s thesis deals with ways of controlling starting clutches of cars, especially of DQ200 gearbox, which contains dry disc clutches. The introduction describes basic principles of torque transfer and amount of clutch force. Then the description of construction of starting clutches and ways of controlling clutch types mentioned beforehand is given. In the next part of the thesis, wide spectrum of control methods is measured, from which a certain part is selected. This is followed by driving tests and based on driving data, one method of the clutch control is chosen. Then those control methods from narrow selection are tested for acoustic impact in the cabin of the car. In the end the best way of clutch control is selected. The selection based on driving data and acoustic measurement.

<p>Management of predation on sea turtle nesting beaches is vital to conservation efforts for the vulnerable loggerhead turtles (<i>Caretta caretta</i>) and olive ridley turtles (<i>Lepidochelys olivacea</i>). Sea turtles increasingly face threats from invasive and human-tolerant mammalian predators as human disturbances on nesting beaches rises. The intensity of mammalian predation has increased in Las Baulas National Park in Costa Rica which is an important nesting site for several species of threatened and endangered sea turtles. I analyzed loggerhead and olive ridley nest predation on four beaches in the United States and Costa Rica that were chosen for variations in degree of human disturbance and management strategies. My objectives were to 1) determine if egg predation rates differ at the four sites, 2) determine the most destructive predators at each location, and 3) suggest management options to alleviate mammalian threats to turtle clutches on Playa Grande and Playa Cabuyal in Costa Rica. My results show that the beaches without a nest protection or predator control program had very high rates of predation. Invasive mammalian predators and mammalian predators associated with human disturbance were the most destructive at the four sites. I recommend that regulations regarding dogs and the take of eggs from the beach are enforced at Playa Cabuyal and that physical nest protection is rapidly implemented at Playa Grande. I also recommend that the National Park consider managing raccoon predation by removing problem individuals, but caution that they do so in a way that maintains the animals’ role in the ecosystem.</p>