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There is strong evidence that water-ice is relatively abundant within permanently shadowed lunar surface materials, particularly at the poles. Evidence for water-ice has been observed within the impact plume of the LCROSS mission and is supported by data gathered from the Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) and the Lunar Prospector Neutron Spectrometer (LPNS). Albedo neutrons from the Moon are used for detection of hydrogen, where the epi-thermal neutron flux decreases as hydrogen content increases. The origin on the concentration of water within permanently shadowed regions is not completely understood, and the Lunar Polar Hydrogen Mapper (LunaH-Map) mission is designed to provide a high-resolution spatial distribution of the hydrogen content over the southern pole using a highly elliptical, low perilune orbit. The LunaH-Map spacecraft is a 6U cubesat consisting of the Miniature Neutron Spectrometer (Mini-NS). Mini-NS is not collimated, requiring a low altitude to achieve a higher spatial resolution compared to previous missions. To develop a compact neutron detector for epi-thermal neutrons, the Mini-NS comprises of 2-cm thick slabs of CLYC (Cs2LiYCl6), which provide a sensitivity similar to a 10-atm, 5.7-cm diameter He-3 tubes, as used in LPNS. The Mini-NS digital processing electronics can discriminate by shape and height to determine signal (albedo neutrons) from background (cosmic rays). The Mini-NS achieves a total active sensing area of 200 cm(2) and is covered with a cadmium sheet to shield against thermal neutrons. The research and development on the detector modules show a robust design ready for space flight.

abstract: The reduced availability of 3He is a motivation for developing alternative neutron detectors. 6Li-enriched CLYC (Cs2LiYCl6), a scintillator, is a promising candidate to replace 3He. The neutron and gamma ray signals from CLYC have different shapes due to the slower decay of neutron pulses. Some of the well-known pulse shape discrimination techniques are charge comparison method, pulse gradient method and frequency gradient method. In the work presented here, we have applied a normalized cross correlation (NCC) approach to real neutron and gamma ray pulses produced by exposing CLYC scintillators to a mixed radiation environment generated by 137Cs, 22Na, 57Co and 252Cf/AmBe at different event rates. The cross correlation analysis produces distinctive results for measured neutron pulses and gamma ray pulses when they are cross correlated with reference neutron and/or gamma templates. NCC produces good separation between neutron and gamma rays at low (< 100 kHz) to mid event rate (< 200 kHz). However, the separation disappears at high event rate (> 200 kHz) because of pileup, noise and baseline shift. This is also confirmed by observing the pulse shape discrimination (PSD) plots and figure of merit (FOM) of NCC. FOM is close to 3, which is good, for low event rate but rolls off significantly along with the increase in the event rate and reaches 1 at high event rate. Future efforts are required to reduce the noise by using better hardware system, remove pileup and detect the NCC shapes of neutron and gamma rays using advanced techniques. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2015