Submitted by Ana Paula Ribeiro Povinelli (paulinha-pol@hotmail.com) on 2017-07-26T19:45:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Ana_FINAL.pdf: 3540005 bytes, checksum: d82bc4d015af48c2fda01a4eff17975f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-07-26T20:13:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 povinelli_apr_me_sjrp.pdf: 3540005 bytes, checksum: d82bc4d015af48c2fda01a4eff17975f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-26T20:13:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 povinelli_apr_me_sjrp.pdf: 3540005 bytes, checksum: d82bc4d015af48c2fda01a4eff17975f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A substituição da fonte de calor convencional por fontes de radiação de micro-ondas vem sendo bastante explorada na área de síntese de sólidos inorgânicos devido ao seu eficaz mecanismo de entrega de energia que proporciona rapidez no processo de síntese além de gerar materiais com maior pureza de fase. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho visou a otimização das sínteses das zeólitas NaA e NaX utilizando radiação de micro-ondas e a caracterização utilizando as técnicas de DRX (Difração de Raios-X), MEV (Microscopia eletrônica de varredura) e EDS (Energy-dispersive X-Ray Spectrocopy). As zeólitas foram sintetizadas e caracterizadas visando a posterior aplicação como agentes hemostáticos coagulantes. Os experimentos mostraram que a zeólita NaA obtida utilizando radiação de micro-ondas durante 30 minutos possui as mesmas características da zeólita NaA sintetizada utilizando aquecimento convencional por 48 horas, indicando que com a utilização da radiação foi possível alcançar uma redução de 98,96% no tempo de síntese. A aplicação de aquecimento de micro-ondas na síntese da zeólita NaX também provou decréscimo no tempo de síntese quando comparado ao aquecimento convencional, entretanto os dados de microscopia eletrônica revelaram que a zeólita sintetizada pelo aquecimento de micro-ondas estavam aglomeradas. A fim de tornar o coloide mais estável, foi feita a estabilização estérica dessas zeólitas através da esterificação dos grupos silanóis presentes na superfície das mesmas utilizando 1-propanol e 1-butanol. Os dados MEV mostraram que a modificação foi eficiente e que a dispersão foi estabilizada após o tratamento. Em relação ao potencial das zeólitas como agentes hemostáticos coagulantes, os dados de tromboelastografia mostraram que as zeólitas NaA e NaX provocaram diminuição no tempo necessário para a formação e crescimento do coágulo porém, dentre todas as zeólitas avaliadas, a zeólita NaX sintetizada por aquecimento convencional se destacou como agente hemostático apresentando uma redução de 6 minutos no tempo de formação do coágulo. / Conventional heat source has been substituted by microwave heat source in many chemical reactions including inorganic solids syntheses, since the microwave heat source can accelerate the energy delivery. Because of that, it is possible to obtain syntheses in a shorter time and materials obtained have a higher purity phases. Zeolites were synthesized and characterized aiming to zeolites hemostatic agents application. In this context, this work aimed to synthesize NaA and NaX zeolites employing microwave radiation and to characterize materials obtained using XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), SEM(Scanning Electron Microscopy) and EDS (Energy-dispersive X-Ray Spectrocopy) techniques. NaA zeolite obtained by microwave radiation after 30 minutes showed the same characteristics of NaA zeolite obtained by conventional heat after 48 hours. In other words, the substitution of the heat source reduced 98,96% the synthesis time. Related to NaX zeolite, microwave radiation also reduced the synthesis time, however SEM and EDS data showed some differences between NaX obtained by conventional and NaX obtained by microwave heating. It was also observed by SEM that the colloidal system of NaX obtained by microwave radiation has agglomerated. In order to stabilize sterically the colloid, NaX surface was functionalized by silanols groups esterification using 1-propanol and 1-butanol alcohols. SEM data showed that steric stabilization was successful. Regarding the potential of the zeolites as hemostatic coagulating agents, thromboelastography data showed that NaA and NaX zeolites caused decrease in time required for clot formation and growth. However, among all the zeolites evaluated, NaX zeolite synthesized by conventional heating had better results as a hemostatic agent showing a reduction of 6 minutes in clot formation time. / CNPq: 135582/2015-6

Thesis (MTech(Medical Technology))--Cape Technikon, 1997 / Cryoprecipitates are used as the raw material for the preparation of Factor VIII (FVIIIl) for replacement therapy for haemophiliacs. Routinely, cryoprecipitate only recovers 50% of the Factor VIII in the plasma. The purpose of this study, production of cryoprecipitate, was to investigate those variables which play a key role in determining the yield of Factor VIII present in cryoprecipitate. Cryoprecipitate production involves a wide range of variables which could effect the final outcome of the product. These vary from the donor blood group, time of donation, exercise levels of the donor, to a time delay prior to processing, temperature storage conditions, to the method utilised for plasma freezing and thawing. The objective was to explore which combination of variables in the procedure would lead to a process which would optimize the preparation of cryoprecipitate in a routine environment, to yield the highest levels of Factor VIII. Frequently in scientific investigations, particularly when a practical approach has to be adopted, questions arise in which the effects of a number of different variables in a process, require evaluation. Such questions can usually be most economically investigated, by arranging the analysis according to an ordered plan in which all the factors are viewed in a regular way. Provided the plan has been correctly chosen, it is possible to determine not only the effect of each individual variable, but also the way in which each effect depends on the other factor, by means of an interaction. This makes it possible to obtain a more complete picture of what is happening, than would have been obtained by varying each of the variables one at a time while keeping the others constant. Designs of this sort lend themselves well to statistical analysis, and provide their own estimates of experimental error. This type of statistical analysis called, 2K Fractional Factorial Experimental Design, forms the basis of this study in which 14 key variables in the production process of cryoprecipitate were defined as possible areas in which Factor VIII levels in the cryoprecipitate are effected. Key variables have been identified on an individual basis in previous studies (Burka et al., 1975), however this blended approach to optimise the key variables within the production environment, and define further combinations which could be incorporated into the production, has never been attempted. The statistical design used in the study was compiled by the Institute for Biostatistics of the Medical Research Council (MRC). Units of blood were collected and processed, from blood donors under the stipulated criteria, corresponding to the study design.

Resumo: Esse estudo investigou a cinética de coagulação floculação do TiO2 em suspensão aquosa de baixa força iônica (água destilada)e força iônica média (água de abastecime to público),em função do pH e da adição de sulfato de alumínio. A coagulação floculação do TiO2 ocorre quando o pH é ajustado próximo ao pH do potencial isoelétrico, pela compressão da camada de difusão ou pela adsorção hidrólise com íons Al 3+ . Em suspensões de TiO2 com baixa força iônica,a coagulação ocorre a um determinado pH (4,0 e 7,0), uma vez que ele depende basicamente da superfície do óxido. Com adição de um coadjuvante de sedimentação (por ex. sulfato de alumínio), a qual a força iônica é alta,a coagulação floculação ocorre muito rápido. O tempo de decantação do material em suspensão foi de 2:00 h, foi comparada a cinética de sedimentação da decantação simples com a realizada em Jar Test sob a influência de agitação rápida (eletrocinético) e lenta (ortocinético) antes de permitir a sedimentação. O melhor desempenho foi em Jar Test,turbidez final de 10 NTU. / Abstract: This study investigated the coagulation-flocculation kinetics of TiO2 in an aqueous Suspension of low-strength ionic solution (distilled water) and a medium strength ionic solution (tap water) as a function of pH and of the addition of aluminum sulfate. Coagulation-flocculation of TiO2 occurs when the pH is adjusted close to the isoelectric potential (iep), by compression of the diffusion layer or by adsorption-hydrolysis with Al 3+ ions. In TiO2 suspensions with low electric strength,coagulation takes place at certain pH (4,0 a d 7,0) since it depends basically on the oxide surface.With the addition of sedimentation aid (e.g.,aluminum sulfate), in which the ionic strength is high, coagulation-flocculation, takes place very fast. The decantation time of the material in suspension was of 2h. The sedimentation kinetic of the simple decantation was compared to that carried out in Jar Test under influence of fast stirring (electrokinetic) and slow stirring (ortokinetic) before sedimentation set up.The best performance was in Jar Test,final turbidez of 10 NTU. / Orientador: Ariovaldo de Oliveira Florentino / Coorientador: José Pedro Serra Valente / Banca: Pedro Magalhães Padilha / Banca: Cassio Luis Fernandes de Oliveira / O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais, PosMat, tem caráter institucional e integra as atividades de pesquisa em materiais de diversos campi da Unesp / Mestre

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-20T19:23:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JeffersonRomarioDuarteDaLuz_DISSERT.pdf: 1201751 bytes, checksum: 75f1b32406c3dfccabe706f4f9d4a66e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-21T22:23:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JeffersonRomarioDuarteDaLuz_DISSERT.pdf: 1201751 bytes, checksum: 75f1b32406c3dfccabe706f4f9d4a66e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T22:23:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JeffersonRomarioDuarteDaLuz_DISSERT.pdf: 1201751 bytes, checksum: 75f1b32406c3dfccabe706f4f9d4a66e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O emprego de plantas medicinais para o tratamento, cura e preven??o de patologias ? um h?bito que acompanha a humanidade desde seus prim?rdios. Considerando que o Brasil apresenta uma grande biodiversidade para a produ??o de fitoter?picos, ? de suma import?ncia o estudo de plantas como fontes alternativas de tratamento, visando a busca de susbt?ncias que possam auxiliar os f?rmacos atualmente prescritos na terap?utica cl?nica. Durante muitos anos, doen?as cardiovasculares e doen?as tromboemb?licas tem sido as principais causas de morte por doen?as no mundo, sendo respons?veis pela morte de cerca de 17,5 milh?es de pessoas at? o ano de 2012 (31% das mortes em todo o mundo). O sistema de coagula??o est? centralmente envolvido na forma??o do trombo venoso. Indica??es atualmente definidas para anticoagulantes incluem a profilaxia e tratamento do tromboembolismo. Heparinas n?o fracionadas e heparinas de baixa massa molar s?o utilizadas como medicamentos anticoagulantes, no entanto, estes compostos s?o acompanhados de alguns efeitos secund?rios, tais como, trombocitopenia e um elevado risco de hemorragia. A efeito deste problema tem se gerado uma procura de novas subst?ncias, a fim de auxiliar a terap?utica anticoagulante. Neste contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial anticoagulante, efeitos t?xicos e hemorr?gicos dos extratos foliares de Licania rigida Benth e Turnera subulata, esp?cies vegetais amplamente encontradas no semi?rido nordestino. Os extratos foram obtidos a partir de etanol (50%), com posterior parti??o com solventes de polaridades crescentes, incluindo hexano e acetato de etila. A avalia??o dos extratos frente ao sistema de coagula??o mostrou uma atividade anticoagulante satisfat?ria pelo Tempo de Tromboplastina parcial Ativada e Tempo de Protrombina (100% de atividade), atividade Anti-Xa (~ 40% de inibi??o) e uma grande capacidade de inibibir diretamente da trombina (~ 80 a 100% de inibi??o) como principal mecanismo de a??o. Al?m disso, observou-se que os extratos apresentam um baixo efeito hemorr?gico, bem como, a aus?ncia de toxicidade em modelos in vitro (Citotoxicidade por MTT) e in vivo (Toxicidade oral aguda). Este trabalho relata pela primeira vez o potencial anticoagulante de Licania rigida Benth e Turnera subulata. / The use of medicinal plants for the treatment, cure and prevention of pathologies is a habit that accompanies humanity since its beginnings. Considering that Brazil presents a great biodiversity for the production of phytotherapics, it is of paramount importance the study of plants as alternative sources of treatment, aiming at the search for substances that may help the drugs currently prescribed in clinical therapeutics. Over many years, cardiovascular disease and thromboembolic disorders have been the leading cause of death by disease in the world, being responsible for the death of approximately 17.5 million people by the year 2012 (31% of deaths worldwide). The coagulation system is centrally involved in the formation of venous thrombus. Currently defined indications for anticoagulants include prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolism. Unfractionated heparins and low molecular heparins are used as anticoagulant drugs. However, these compounds are accompanied by several side effects such as thrombocytopenia and a high risk of systemic bleeding. The effect of this problem demanded the search for new substances in order to assist prolonged anticoagulant therapy. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the anticoagulant potential, toxic and hemorrhagic effects from Licania rigida Benth and Turnera subulata leaves, species widely found in Northeast semiarid. The extracts were obtained from ethanol (50%) with subsequent partition with solvents of increasing polarities, including hexane and ethyl acetate.The crude extracts were obtained from ethanol (50%) and subsequent partition with increasingly polar solvents including hexane and ethyl acetate. The evaluation of the extracts against the coagulation system showed a satisfactory anticoagulant activity by Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time and Prothrombin Time (100% activity), Anti-Xa activity (~ 40% inhibition) and a large capacity to inhibit directly from Thrombin (~ 80 to 100% inhibition) as the main mechanism of action. In addition, the extracts were found to have a low hemorrhagic effect, as well as the absence of toxicity in in vitro models (MTT cytotoxicity) and in vivo (acute oral toxicity). This paper reports for the first time the anticoagulant potential of Licania rigida Benth and Turnera subulata.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:52:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:57:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O veneno de C. d. terrificus tem sido descrito como sendo de pouca complexidade, tendo 4 frações caracterizadas, convulxina, giroxina. crotoxina e crotamina. O presente trabalho visou o isolamento e caracterização da Delta toxina cuja existência havia sido aventada em trabalhos anteriores. Após a realização de uma varredura de tampões em uma coluna de exclusão molecular Superdex-75 acoplada a um sistema FPLC, na presença de três diferentes tampões, chegou-se a uma condição ideal de fracionamento do veneno crotálico. Em seqüência realizou-se a segunda etapa de purificação em sistema HPLC em uma coluna C4, onde foi possível identificar o pico de interesse. O pico puro passou por análises em MALDI-ToF sendo sua massa estimada em 14.074,92 Da, Quando analisado por eletroforese em gel de poiiacrilamida, a delta toxina apresentou massa molecular de cerca de 14 kDa e uma migração anômala, Por eletroforese 2D, a proteína apresentou caráter ácido, com pl entre 4 e 5 e massa molecular de aproximadamente 42 kDa, revelando \"spots\" muito semelhantes podendo ser isoformas com características de uma proteína glicosiiada. Após digestão dos spots com tripsina, os fragmentos foram confrontados com o banco de dados do \"swissprot\", mostrando alto grau de homologia \"até 43% de cobertura\" com a troca ri na, um ativador de protrombina do veneno de Tropidechis carinatus, esses dados foram confirmados com a análise de aminoácidos. De posse desses resultados, optou-se por testar a capacidade da fração purificada de ativar fator X e II, usando substratos sintéticos. Os resultados apontaram para uma ativação direta do fator X, uma vez que não houve ativação do fator II, atividade que também não foi detectada no veneno total. A mesma se mostrou um potente ativador da agregação de forma direta, uma vez que os ensaios de agregação plaquetária foram realizados com plaquetas lavadas, logo na ausência de fatores séricos. Quando os ensaios de agregação foram realizados na presença de alguns inibidores observou-se que nem a atividade metalo proteinase, nem a serino proteinase, tampouco um domínio lectina estavam envolvidos no processo, uma vez que EDTA, benzamidina e D-galactose não inibiram a atividade da proteína. No presente trabalho isolamos a Delta toxina do veneno de C. d. terrificus. A mesma se comportou como previsto por Vital Brazil em 1980, eluindo na posição por ele aventada, sendo uma proteína ativadora de Fator X que ativa agregação plaquetária mesmo em concentrações muito baixas e de massa molecular de 40 kDa levando nos a crer se tratar de um homotrímero cujos componentes são unidos por ligações fracas. / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

No description available.

M.Tech. / The homoeopathic medicine Arnica montana is often prescribed in cases of trauma, before and after surgery and in cases where there is bleeding. Many conventional medical practitioners, however, do not advise its use for the above complaints due to the herbally prepared Arnica montana mother tincture containing coumarin derivatives which are said to have an anti-coagulant effect and cause a potential risk of bleeding. The aim of this particular study was to investigate the in vivo effect of the complex remedy Arnica montana composing of potencies 6C, 30C and 200C on coagulation and bleeding. This study forms part of a three part in vivo study to determine the effect of homoeopathic Arnica montana in various potencies on blood coagulation. The effect of Arnica montana on blood coagulation was evaluated by measuring the Bleeding Time (BT), activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT). This is a double blind, placebo controlled trial with a total sample group of eighty healthy participants between the ages of eighteen to thirty five. As this study forms part of a three part study the total sample group was shared. Twenty participants were allocated to the placebo group and received 20% ethanol. Twenty participants were allocated to the experimental group and received the complex homoeopathic preparation of Arnica montana 6C, 30C and 200C in 20% ethanol. The Bleeding Time was measured by a trained medical technologist and blood samples underwent coagulation tests comprising of aPTT and PT. The study was conducted over a period of two weeks at the UJ Doornfontein Campus Homoeopathy Health Centre. After two weeks another venous sample was drawn by the phlebotomist and sent away for the same coagulation studies as described above. The technologist again measured the Bleeding Time. Results obtained from the Prothrombin Time, activated Partial Thromboplastin Time and Bleeding Time tests pre- and post medication were compared and v analysed. Analysis of data was done using SPSS 15.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). Results showed that complex remedy Arnica montana 6C, 30C and 200C had no significant effect on blood coagulation and bleeding in vivo.

The waste water from the industrial production of the herbicide monosodium methyl arsenate was treated using coagulation. The coagulation process as developed in this research proved to be suitable for arsenic removal in aqueous media using chromium (III), calcium (II), and combination of calcium (II) and chromium (III), and magnesium (II). The results obtained suggest that the coagulation process can be used for the treatment of the waste water from the monosodium methyl arsenate production. Response surface methodology was used to study the effects of the various parameters, namely pH, mole ratios (Cr:As, Ca:As, and Mg:As), concentration of flocculent and initial arsenic concentration. To optimize the process conditions for the maximum removal of arsenic. Central composite and factorial designs were used to study the effects of these variables and to predict the effect of each. ANOVA was used to identify those factors which had significant effects on model quality and performance. The initial arsenic concentration appeared to be the only significant factor. These models were statistically tested and verified by confirmation experiments.

Cancer procoagulant (EC 3.4.22.26) is an enzyme that is derived from tumour and foetal tissue, but not normal tissue. It is a direct activator of factor X and has been isolated from amnion-chorion membranes as well as from extracts and cells from human melanoma. The presence of cancer procoagulant has been associated with the malignant phenotype, as well as having a particularly high activity in metastatic cells. Cancer procoagulant activity is elevated in the serum of early stage breast cancer patients and decreased to normal in the advanced stages of the disease. In this study, cancer procoagulant was successfully isolated from amnion-chorion membranes and purified to homogeneity. The molecular weight of cancer procoagulant was determined using SDS-PAGE and was found to be 68 kDa. Cancer procoagulant was delipidated and it was shown that its activity was increased by the presence of lipids in a dose-dependent manner. Recovery of cancer procoagulant after delipidation is poor, consequently, a larger mass of sample is required to obtain sufficient amounts of delipidated material for N-terminal amino acid analysis. The optimum pH of cancer procoagulant was determined to be pH 8 and its optimal temperature was found to be 50°C. Novel synthetic substrates were designed to assay for cancer procoagulant activity. Currently, 2 potential candidates have been identified, namely, PQVR-AMC and AVSQSKP-AMC. Cancer procoagulant-induced expression of cytokines is differently modulated in the less aggressive MCF-7 cell line as compared to the metastatic and more aggressive MDA-MB-231 cell line. There are marked similarities in the inflammatory response produced by cancer procoagulant in hTERT-HDLEC and MDA-MB-231 cells, which are both associated with migratory capacity. Furthermore, cancer procoagulant-induced PDGF-β expression in hTERT-HDLEC and MDA-MB-231 cells could point to involvement of cancer procoagulant in wound healing and metastatic spread, respectively. Cancer procoagulant induced the motility of MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and hTERT- cells in vitro in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Together, these results suggest that cancer procoagulant plays a role in the migration of breast cancer cells as well as the migration of endothelial cells.

No description available.