海南地居中國東南沿海第一門戶，在清代並未得到中央政府應有的重視，但是張之洞任職兩廣總督期間，卻對其大力建設。本文首先探討張之洞建設海南的時代背景，以當時的情勢分析其作法乃因應海防所需。以這個觀點，將其對海南的種種作為進行整體性的探討，使得建設的原因與動機得到相當合理的解釋，更進一步說明其建設的主張即在於「籌瓊之要，以治軍防海為歸宿，而必自撫黎開山始」。其諸多建設可綜合為兩方面：內陸治化與軍備籌設，不僅治標地擴展軍力，更厚實社會力量，澈底鞏固海防的根基。張之洞從事海南海防建設，需要大筆經費，但是此時清廷國庫已無餘力支應，唯有自力籌措，本文對其經費取得的方法亦有所介紹。張之洞大力建設海南海防，但是由於國際局勢、清廷的海防政策、及朝臣從中摯肘，使得張之洞被迫調離兩廣。李瀚章繼任兩廣總督，他並不像張之洞那麼重視海南的海防地位，使得海南海防建設走向下坡。針對這種情形，本文分成軍備、內陸治化兩方面加以探討，並分析內陸治化傾圮對海防的影響。最後，以台灣同時期的海防建設與海南海防建設相比較，不僅可以發現其動機幾乎一樣，甚至建設的理念也近似，「一面撫番，一面開路」及「誠令全番歸化，內亂無虞；外患雖來，尚可驅之禦侮」，這樣的說法與張之洞的主張不謀而合。

In 1938 the Canadian government approved a plan to train fishermen as naval reservists in British Columbia. The fishermen were recruited as whole crews and trained to shoot accurately, form fours, navigate, signal properly and drop depth charges – all aboard their own converted fishing vessels. On paper, and to the general public, the specialized reserve known as the Fishermen’s Reserve or “Gumboot Navy”, was a patriotic group of fishermen doing their bit and better preparing for emergencies. However, in reality, the Canadian government instituted the Fishermen’s Reserve in 1938 for a very specific reason – to round up and remove Japanese Canadians and their boats from the coast prior to the outbreak of war between Canada and Japan. This thesis explores various aspects of the Fishermen’s Reserve from 1938 to 1941 in order to better understand the Canadian Government’s wartime policies. As there are almost no secondary sources on the subject, this paper uses extensive primary sources to uncover and analyze the Royal Canadian Navy’s recruitment policy, unconventional regulations and racist underpinnings in instituting the Fishermen’s Reserve. / Graduate / 0334 / 0750 / 0740 / gregory.kier@gmail.com