Diss.-- Univ. of Oldenburg. / In Springer Link (Monographies électroniques). Versement en lot.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1971. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-68). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Artificial substrata were employed at sites on the east and west coasts of Scotland, in such a manner as to model the habitat found on the undersides of boulders on the shore. Panel treatments were devised to examine the effects of substratum 'age' and larval availability, and the presence or absence of varying densities of herbivorous molluscan grazers on the development of the epifaunal assemblages. The importance of inter- and intraspecific competition in structuring the bryozoan component of the assemblage was also examined. A necessary pre-requisite for the settlement of many marine invertebrate larvae may be the development of a microfouling film, the nature of which may vary depending on its 'age', with corresponding effects on the 'attractiveness', or otherwise, to potentially settling larvae. The lowest numbers of recruits were frequently recorded on the 'youngest' panels, and greater numbers generally occurred on panels immersed for longer periods. Also of overriding significance, however, was the seasonal variability in larval availability. The assemblages were characterized by high levels of post-settlement mortality. The outcomes of the overgrowth interactions between 18 species of encrusting bryozoans were highly variable and complex, each species of an interacting pair won some encounters, and neither consistently overgrew the other. Therefore, the pattern of competitive abilities was neither entirely intransitive or transitive. Variations in outcome were found to be at least partially attributable to differences in the encounter angle between colonies. The competitive ability of a species also varied among sites and between years. The herbivorous grazing gastropod Gibbula cineraria was found to have a markedly deleterious effect on the developing assemblages. Furthermore, individuals and colonies of the epifaunal species were apparently unable to achieve an 'escape-in-size' under the experimental conditions employed.

The Ria Formosa is a lagoon on the South coast of the Algarve, Portugal and insulates SS km of the coastline from the full impact of the Atlantic. A review of the lagoon considers its geomorphology, sedimentology, hydrography, water quality and ecology. The Ria Formosa is identified as an important regional and national resource with respect to recreation, tourism, fishing, aquaculture, shipping and salt extraction. Ma*or regional developments in the form of spreading urbanisation and intensified agriculture, together with rising numbers in both the resident population and the annual tourist influx, pose an ever increasing stress upon the lagoon system, particularly with respect to water quality. The region contiguous to the lagoon is devoid of heavy industries and the review concludes that the greatest threat to sustained development of the lagoon resources is a progressive deterioration of water quality promoted by ever increasing discharges of nutrient and organic rich sewage effluent. In consequence, this study of the water quality in the Ria Formosa focuses upon the spatial and temporal variability in the nutrient and dissolved oxygen fields. Hydrographic, nutrient and dissolved oxygen data captured during three separate sampfing programmes are presented and discussed. The first programme addressed the variability in the lagoon as a whole. From June 1987 to May 1988 hydrographic, nutrient and dissolved oxygen data were collected at monthly intervals from sixteen sampling stations distributed through the lagoon. All sampling events were coincident with high and low water on neap tides. This sequence of surveys showed that during the winter the lagoon acts as a typical estuary but for several months during the hot, dry summer the salinity of the waters within the lagoon exceeds that of the seaward boundary. No evidence of either marked or persistent stratification was found. Despite strong tidal flushing, the waters within the lagoon are not homogenous and the characteristics of the incoming coastal water are significantly modified in the inner reaches. Principal Component Analysis divided the sixteen sampling stations into four groups: (i) stations in the outer lagoon where water characteristics are little modified by the inner lagoon processes and sources; (ii) intermediate stations with water characteristics dominated by the inflowing seawater 11 but somewhat modified by inner lagoon processes and/or sources; (iii) estuarine stations where the water properties are greatly influenced by freshwater inputs; (iv) inner lagoon stations insufficiently flushed by tidal exchange and partly influenced by inner lagoon processes and sources. Stations comprising the latter group (in the vicinity of the city of Faro, the West end and the East end of the lagoon) all exhibited characteristics symptomatic of a marked reduction in water quality. These were manifest to a greater extent at the station adjacent to Faro. A comparison of the range of nutrient concentrations in the Ria Formosa with other lagoon systems identifies it as being one of the most nutrient enriched. It is concluded, however, that good water quality prevails throughout most of the lagoon at all times of the year and that the presence of, or potential for, adverse water quality is localised in particular areas. The objective of the second sampling programme was to generate a temporal record of the extent to which the properties of the coastal waters entering the lagoon were modified in the western inner reaches of the lagoon. Samples were taken weekly on Springs and Neap tides throughout 1989 coincident with high water at the coastal station and at low water in the lagoon. The offshore water showed a strong seasonal signal with an abrupt change of water type in autumn. Throughout the year, the lagoon water was consistently and significantly enriched in silicate relative to the seawater, but also with respect to ammonium and nitrite in winter. In contrast there was no evidence of an internal source of nitrate. Almost half of the morning samples showed the lagoon water to be less than 80% saturated in dissolved oxygen on most occasions during the summer months. Hypersaturation in summer afternoon samples exceeded the range recommended by European Union directives for water quality. The third sampling programme addressed short term variability of water characteristics at the western end of the lagoon. Observations every thirty minutes during the Extreme Spring Tide cycle of the autumn equinox showed that water from other parts of the lagoon (sewage contaminated water and water flushed off salt marshes) was flushed past the station during a tidal cycle. Percentage saturations of dissolved oxygen reached an early morning minimum of 54%. The nutrient and III dissolved oxygen observations indicated that the water quality situation in the western part of the lagoon was precarious. A set of circumstances which would provoke mass mortality of the biota under the conditions at the time of the study is outlined. The conditions in the Ria Formosa were compared to other lagoons and it was concluded that the Ria Formosa is relatively nutrient rich.

No description available.

Please read the abstract before the references of this document. / Dissertation (MSc (Zoology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Zoology and Entomology / unrestricted

As population pressures rise there are associated increases in development, resource use, competition and environmental threats. These increases, contribute to the intensification of conflict within the coastal zone. Dispute resolution techniques must be incorporated into the management of coastal resources. Negotiation use is one means of dispute resolution. The goal of this thesis is to establish whether and how negotiation is used in coastal zone management. Two bodies of literature were reviewed. Literature on North American coastal zone management was examined to characterize management approaches with particular reference to the FREMP and the PSWQA. Literature on negotiation was reviewed to develop a framework for analyzing the use of negotiation in resolving coastal zone management conflicts. The FREMP and PSWQA provide two case studies for examining the use of negotiation in resolving coastal zone management conflicts. In each case, two comparable decision-making bodies were examined: the FREMP Management Committee Executive (MCE) and the Standing Committee on the Water Quality Plan (WQSC) and the PSWQA Authority Board (AB) and Point Source Committee (PSC). Data on the use of negotiation were collected by telephone interviews with people involved in each of the four decision-making processes. The management areas of the Fraser River Estuary and the Puget Sound are comparable in that both are located in the Pacific Northwest of North America with similar climates and natural resources, and are experiencing growing population and development pressures. The management processes differ in the scale of areas covered (estuary versus basin), the size of the populations (the Fraser Estuary is half the population of Puget Sound) and the approach to coastal zone management (coordinator versus player; smaller versus larger budgets; lesser versus greater public involvement). There is no use of "explicit" negotiation in the four decision-making processes examined in the case studies. “Explicit" negotiation use is identified when there is explicit expression of the use of negotiation in the decision-making. "Implicit" negotiation is identified when people make trade-offs to adopt an agreement without explicitly expressing they are doing so (Dorcey and Riek, 1987), and is routinely used in all four decision-making situations. There is no use of any outside third party assistance such as mediators or facilitators in the negotiations; however, the FREMP Programs Coordinator facilitates the MCE negotiations and the PSWQA AB chair mediates the Board meetings. The implicit negotiations of the FREMP and the PSWQA exhibited a high degree of "structure" with the greatest extent in the PSWQA. "Structured" negotiations are identified as negotiations that actively seek to reach agreement by incorporating structure into the decision-making process through: the utilization of preparatory techniques, opportunity for the representation of affected interests, the utilization of explicit agreement criteria, some means to commit to the agreed-upon actions. Future coastal zone management should recognize the “implicit" use of negotiation since it is used so extensively within coastal zone management and evaluate the contribution of "implicit" negotiation in coastal zone management. Finally, consideration must be given to making the use of negotiation in coastal zone management "explicit" so that means are actively sought to resolve coastal resource use conflicts. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

No description available.

No description available.