Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-01-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:41:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vinuezagalarraga_jc_dr_arafcf.pdf: 807158 bytes, checksum: 514ddc5de134cb9baa9baf27939376ec (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / As peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.7) são hemoproteínas que catalisam processos redox e durante a oxidação são gerados radicais livres, formando produtos poliaromáticos insolúveis em água, facilitando sua remoção do meio aquoso. O objetivo deste trabalho foi extrair as peroxidases da casca de soja e do chuchu, realizar aminação na superfície da estrutura terciária das enzimas e imobilizarem estas enzimas nos suportes alternativos de celulose vegetal (pó de sabugo de milho) e de celulose bacteriana ativada e utilizar os derivados obtidos para descoloração do azul de bromofenol 0.01 mM. A quantidade de proteínas nos extratos foram determinada por Bradford com valores médios de 0,235 mg mL -1 para soja e 0,290 mg mL -1 para o chuchu, a atividade específica de peroxidase foi determinada com ABTS 1 mM em presença de H2O2 100 mM em λ= 430nm, obtendo-se os valores médios de 86,06 μmol min -1 mg -1 e 9,04 μmol min -1 mg -1 respectivamente, em tampão acetato de sódio 100 mM, pH 4,0. Aminação das peroxidases solúveis foram feitas em tampão etilenodiamina pH 4,75 e carbodiimida, 10 e 50 mM, a funcionalização das celuloses e imobilização covalente multipontual foram semelhantes às descritas para agarose (Guisan). 19 As peroxidases aminadas 10 e 50 mM foram imobilizadas covalentemente nos suportes ativados SM-glioxil e CB-glioxil. Para a descoloração do azul de bromofenol 0.01 mM, utilizou-se os derivados estabilizados em presença de H2O2 em λ= 590nm. Os derivados foram reutilizados por cinco reciclos, mantendo-se a propriedade catalítica, sugerindo que estes derivados são uma alternativa de baixo custo, não só para o tratamento de águas residuais como também com potenciais usos em outros processos industriais / The peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.7) are hemoproteins that catalyze redox processes; during the oxidation the generated free radicals are forming poly-aromatic products insoluble in water, facilitating their removal from aqueous medium. The objective of this study was to extract peroxidases from the coat soybean and the chuchu (Sechium edule L), to make aminations on the tertiary structure of the enzymes surface, and immobilize these enzymes in the alternative supports of plant cellulose (powdered corn cob) and active bacterial cellulose, to use the derivatives obtained for the discoloration of the bromophenol blue 0.01 mM. The amount of protein in the extracts were determined by Bradford methods, with average values of 0,235 mg mL -1 for soybean and 0,290 mg mL -1 for chuchu peroxidases, the specific activity of peroxidase was determined with ABTS 1 mM in the presence of H2O2 100 mM in λ= 430nm, obtaining the mean values of 86,06 μmol min -1 mg -1 and 9,04 μmol min -1 mg -1 respectively, in sodium acetate buffer 100mM, pH 4,0. Amination of soluble peroxidases were made in buffer ethylenediamine pH 4,75 and carbodiimide, 10 and 50mM, the functionalization of cellulose and multipoint covalent immobilization were similar to those described for agarose (Guisan). 19 The amino peroxidases 10 and 50 mM were covalently immobilized on activated supports SM-glioxil and CB-glioxil. For discoloration of bromophenol blue 0.01 mM, we used derivatives of stabilized in H2O2 presence in λ= 590nm. The derivatives were reused for five recycling maintaining the catalytic property, suggesting that these products are a low cost alternative, not only for the treatment of wastewater as well as potential uses in other industrial processes

The ecology of plant species at Sandford Rocks Nature Reserve (SRNR) was studied. The study site is an important nature reserve that contains relatively undisturbed natural vegetation. It has a mosaic of exposed granite rocks, scrublands and woodlands. The study involved: a description of the structure and composition of the vegetation; the population characteristics of selected Acacia species; aspects of reproduction in Acacia; germination and seedling characteristics of some Acacia and grass species that dominate the reserve; the effect of seed size on germination and seedling characteristics; and, the relationship of seed size to seed coat thickness in selected Acacia species. Five different areas were studied using the point centered quarter method to sample the woody perennial species. Thirteen Acacia species were examined for reproduction characteristics; and in 2 selected Acacia species, the effects of phyllode and/or inflorescence removal on reproduction was investigated. Germination tests were conducted to identify germination characteristics in 8 Acacia and 7 grass species dominant at SRNR. The possible effects of variation in seed size on germination; seedling characteristics; and, seed coat thickness were investigated in Acacia fauntleroyi and Acacia prainii. A total of 85 species from 20 families of woody perennials were collated. All areas were dominated by the Myrtaceae, Mimosaceae and Proteaceae families. There was considerable variability in the structure and composition of vegetation. Most species were present in particular sites and the composition of communities appears to be related to the heterogeneity of the habitat within the reserve. In areas of shallow or rocky soil, vegetation types present include Allocasuarina huegeliana woodland, Grevillea paradoxa low scrubland and Acacia neurophylla medium shrubland. / In a seasonally wet area, vegetation types present include low open grassland; Eucalyptus capillosa (wandoo) woodland; and, Acacia saligna thicket. In deep, dry sandy soil, vegetation types include Phebalium tuberculosum shrubland, Acacia acuminata and Acacia coolgardiensis thickets. On relatively flat areas that gain water from adjacent large granite hills, the vegetation consists mainly of tall, open woodlands of Eucalyptus species. Vegetation types include: medium tall Eucalyptus salmonophloia woodland with Kunzea pulchella shrubland at the periphery of the Eucalyptus woodland. At rock areas, vegetation types present include dense Leptospermum erubescens thicket, low open Acacia prainii and Dodonaea viscosa shrubland. Of the Acacia populations studied, in A. lasiocalyx no recent seedling establishment was observed. It is hypothesised that recruitment occurs in particular periods. As the plants are associated with rock and soils are generally shallow, it appears that recruitment depends on run-off water from the rocks in winter. Continuous recruitment seems to be the pattern in A. prainii with both seedlings and saplings represented. A. fauntleroyi forms relatively small populations; apparently long drought periods (>l00 d) result in mass death and limit its population size. In A. hemiteles, no seedling stage was found, root competition (for water) from associated Eucalyptus species presumably limits its recruitment. Reproductive success of Acacia is affected by rainfall. A wet winter is required to induce flowering and further rain is required after flowering to promote pod development and good seed set. / All Acacia species suffer from drought in the reproduction season, however they differ in their degree of susceptibility. Leaflessness and tree shape also affect Acacia fecundity. Plants bearing more phyllodes produce more flowers and pods, and branches in the upper part of the crown bear heavier inflorescences. In 1998, all Acacia species at SRNR produced mature seed of low weight, with many immature and diseased seed, which gave poor germination. A late spring frost in 1998 is believed to be responsible for limited seed development. In two selected Acacia species, removal of phyllodes reduced the number of pods produced. Presumably, phyllode removal reduces photosynthate produced, therefore the competition among inflorescences (or pods) for resources is more intense and subsequent abortions are likely to occur. All Acacia species studied showed best germination in the cool winter temperature range. Apparently, seeds are adapted to germinate in winter when seasonal moisture is more likely to be available. The best temperature however, varied slightly between species. The grass species dominant in the reserve, except for Aristida contorta, also had more germination in cooler rather than warmer temperatures. The flora of SRNR is similar to typical vegetation of the Southwest. Generally, Acacia species are present only in particular sites, presumably were habitat moisture allows. Seedlings of Acacia species growing in naturally dry areas have greater root: shoot masses than those growing in seasonally wet areas. Biomass partitioning is an apparent strategy to conserve water. Of the 7 grass species, Amphipogon strictus appears to have fastest growth. / Eriachne ovata has greater root than shoot mass, while in all other species, shoot mass is greater than root mass; a characteristic of species that grow well in moist habitats. The longest shoots and roots are in Austrostipa elegantissima, an understorey species of eucalypt woodland. In A. fauntleroyi, the degree of hard-seededness varies between seed sizes. There is a higher proportion of soft seed in smaller seed. Seed of different sizes show some responses to different pre-treatments and incubation temperatures for germination. Larger seeds generally germinate in greater numbers after higher treatment temperatures. The best treatment for small seeds is pre-treatment at 75°C and incubated at 15°C. For medium and large seed, best pre-treatment is at 75°C with incubation at 30°C or soaking in boiling water and incubation at either 15 or 3°C. In A. prainii, seed size; pre-treatment; incubation; and, their interaction all affected germination; larger seeds are more viable. The best treatment to promote germination of A. prainii is soaking in boiling water and incubation at 25°C. In both A. fauntleroyi and A. prainii, larger seeds produce larger seedlings. Seedlings from large seeds have the potential for more rapid pre-photosynthetic growth. Larger, heavier seed has a thicker seed coat. The seed coat of A. prainii is thicker than in A. fauntleroyi; the difference in seed coat thickness is reflected by more soft seed in A. fauntleroyi (35%) than in A. prainii (6%).

Platelet transfusions can be necessary during treatment of patients with thrombocytopenia or impaired platelet function. Platelet function in platelet concentrates (PC) deteriorate with storage time. Studying swirling is often used to control the quality of PC’s before transfusion but the method has some disadvantages. Therefore other methods can be useful, for example impedance aggregometry (IA, Multiplate® Analyzer) to measure platelet function.      In this study the change in platelet function over time was examined in buffy coat and apheresis platelets with IA where aggregation had been induced with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen. PC’s were tested on day 1, 4 and 7 after donation. One of the main aims of this study was to evaluate if dilution to a standardized platelet concentration (800x109 platelets/L) for IA of PC’s could be used, since platelet concentration has been shown to influence aggregation. The effect of pathogen inactivation (INTERCEPT) on platelet function and the importance of fibrinogen for aggregation were also studied.      The dilution of platelet samples reduced the range of measured values and was suitable to use with collagen but not ADP. The platelet function decreased significantly over time with both agonists. There was a significant difference between pathogen inactivated and gamma irradiated PC’s with collagen activation on day 1. Fibrinogen was shown to be of importance for platelet aggregation, but other factors in plasma seem to be necessary too.      In conclusion, IA is a suitable method for following change in aggregability over time in PC’s and sample dilution reduced variation in results.

Prime coats have been in use for many decades to help protect the base before the subsequent application of bituminous surface treatments. Prime coat is an application of a low viscosity binder onto the base to help protect the base from moisture, to provide an adequate bond between the bituminous surface coating and the base, to strengthen the base near the surface by binding the fines, and to protect the base from detrimental effects of weather and light traffic until the surface can be constructed. For a prime coat to function efficiently it should penetrate sufficiently into the base and should be cured before the application of subsequent layers. Evaluation of the time required for curing of prime coats and how the curing time depends on various weather parameters has received a lack of attention. In view of this, the time taken for curing of different prime coats and the dependence of curing time on weather parameters was studied. The prime coats most commonly used in Texas were selected for this study, namely; MC-30, EC-30, CSS-1H, SS-1H and AEP. All testing was done in real conditions, that is, samples were prepared and exposed to actual weather conditions. Since each prime coat is chemically very different, they were analyzed separately to determine the minimum curing time. Curing time was calculated in three different weather conditions to understand how the weather affects curing time. Further, two different application methods were used to determine the effect of application method on the curing time. In addition to determining curing times, other important engineering properties of prime coats that determine the performance of prime coats such as strength, permeability and penetration were also studied. Strength and permeability tests were done on cured specimens and the effect of application method on these values was also determined. Strength values were measured using a pocket penetrometer and penetration was determined by using sand penetration tests. A unique ranking system list was developed using curing time, strength, penetration and permeability as the key factors to determine the prime coat which would serve all the intended functions effectively and efficiently. / text

Common bean is a nutritionally and economically important food crop and a major source of dietary protein in many developing countries throughout the world. Seed coat colour and size in this crop are the main factors determining its marketability in different parts of the world. Flavonoid compounds that are responsible for seed coat colour in beans have been shown to have anti-oxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic activities. They also may enhance the resistance of beans to pest and disease. A better understanding of the relationships between seed coat colour and flavonoid metabolism in the seed coat may help breeders to select for more nutritionally-beneficial bean varieties. The objective of this research was to test the hypothesis that the genes determining colour in beans are structural and regulatory genes of the phenylpropanoid pathway. The map positions of phenylpropanoid genes were determined in two recombinant inbred populations. Segregation patterns of 18 phenylpropanoid pathway genes in the BAT93 × Jalo EEP 558 RIL population and five phenylpropanoid pathway genes in OAC Rex × SVM Taylor were used to place them on the linkage maps for these populations. Five out of 18 genes were mapped within 2-17 cM of colour gene loci in the BAT93 × Jalo EEP 558 RIL population. The sequences of central genes of the phenylpropanoid pathway were determined by sequencing 6 BAC clones selected with probes for two PAL genes, two CHS genes, DFR, and Myb. The functional annotations of the BAC clones were determined and the similarities between bean phenylpropanoid genes and their corresponding orthologs in other plant species were investigated. A recently developed approach of whole genome sequence comparison was utilized to compare the microsynteny of the sequenced BAC clones with regions of the soybean genome. The physical locations of BAC clones were verified on the bean genome and their counterpart locations on the soybean genome were confirmed. The results agreed with previous studies that indicated that bean genome segments have two homologous segments in soybean and confirmed the high degree of microsynteny that is shared between bean and soybean.

Sixty steers were grazed on toxic tall fescue for 104 days to determine the effects of hair coats and steroidal ear implants on physiological measurements. Steers were stratified by body weight and hair coat color for assignment to six, 3.0-ha pastures of 'Kentucky 31' tall fescue. Main plot treatments of either ten clipped or ten unclipped steers were randomly assigned to pastures. Five steers in each pasture were implanted with Synovex-S (200 mg progesterone-20 mg estradiol) and five were implanted with Compudose (25 mg estradiol) as sub-plot treatments. Hair growth rate averaged 0.29 mm/day. Sweating rate declined (P andlt; 0.001) over the grazing period and was higher (Pandlt; 0.10) with the estradiol implant. Rectal temperatures were lower (P andlt; 0.05) in clipped cattle (39.3 vs. 39.5??C) when the highest ambient temperature (33??C) of the study was recorded. At high environmental temperatures, percentage of steers actively grazing was negatively correlated (P andlt; 0.10) with ambient temperature. Winter hair coat retention, continuous hair growth, and reduced sweating caused impaired thermoregulation and thus decreased grazing frequency resulting in poor animal performance.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Cornell University, May, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-89).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-08-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:16:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 paula_oc_me_botib.pdf: 3021276 bytes, checksum: bbd5e34ab1826b276d319adf75a8e150 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / As Fabaceae são a família mais rica do cerrado, contando com 101 gêneros e 777 espécies e o gênero Chamaecrista é o mais numeroso, listando-se 100 espécies. Ainda assim, o gênero é muito pouco conhecido; não são encontrados trabalhos relativos à estrutura do pericarpo e, no que tange às sementes, o levantamento recuperou apenas um trabalho. O presente estudo visa a realizar um estudo estrutural com espécies de Chamaecrista (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae), ocorrentes nos cerrados do Estado de São Paulo; mais especificamente, objetiva analisar a morfologia, anatomia e ontogênese de frutos e sementes de Chamaecrista desvauxii (Collad.) Killip var. latistipula (Benth.) G.P. Lewis, Chamaecrista flexuosa (L.) Greene e Chamaecrista nictitans L. var. patellaria (Collad.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, buscando verificar a ocorrência de padrões estruturais relacionados ao cerrado. Para isto, foram utilizadas técnicas usuais de processamento em microscopia de luz e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. As três espécies apresentam estrutura bastante uniforme, tanto no pericarpo quanto na semente. Os frutos são legumes típicos e, no pericarpo, foram observados aspectos comuns às leguminosas, sendo destacadas características ancestrais (como a folha carpelar fendida), xeromórficas (cutícula espessa, presença de tricomas na epiderme ovariana e no exocarpo, células comuns com paredes anticlinais retas, hipoderme, presença de cristais de oxalato de cálcio e calotas de fibras gelatinosas externas aos feixes dorsal e ventrais) e antiherbivoria (acúmulo de compostos fenólicos e segmentação pericárpica). Na semente, também foram observadas características comuns à família, como o caráter unitegumentado e a testa de estrutura padrão, com paliçada bem diferenciada. São sementes albuminosas e o endosperma é mucilaginoso. As reservas... / Fabaceae is the richest family, with 101 genera and 777 species, Chamaecrista is the most numerous genus of cerrado, with 100 species. However, the genus is very little known; works about pericarp structure are not found, and only one work refers to the seed anatomy. We aim to accomplish a structural analysis of species of Chamaecrista (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae), occurring in the cerrado of the São Paulo State; more specifically, we intend to analyze the morphology, anatomy and ontogeny of fruits and seeds of Chamaecrista desvauxii (Collad.) Killip var. latistipula (Benth.) G.P. Lewis, Chamaecrista flexuosa (L.) Greene and Chamaecrista nictitans L. var. patellaria (Collad.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, searching to verify the occurrence of ordinary structural standards in these plants and to indicate similarities with other species of Fabaceae and of the cerrado. For this, usual techniques of light microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy had been used. The three species present uniform structure in the pericarp and in the seed. The fruits are typical legumes and common aspects of the leguminous species have been observed in the pericarp. We detached ancestral characteristics (as the opened carpel), xeromorphic (thick cuticle, presence of trichomes in ovarian epidermis and exocarp, common cells with straight anticlinal walls, hypodermis, presence of calcium oxalate crystals and groups of gelatinous fibres external to dorsal and ventral bundles) and antiherbivory (phenolic compounds accumulation and pericarpic segmentation). In the seed, we have also observed typical Fabaceae traits, as the unitegmic condition and the standard structure of the testa, with well differentiated palisade. The seeds are albuminous and the endosperm is mucilaginous. The seminal reserves (endospermic and cotyledonal) have lipids and proteins, increasing the possibilities of success... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Rubens Monti / Banca: Olga Luiza Tavano / Banca: Valdecir Farias Ximenes / Banca: Hermane da Silva Barud / Banca: Jose Paschoal Batistuti / Resumo: As peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.7) são hemoproteínas que catalisam processos redox e durante a oxidação são gerados radicais livres, formando produtos poliaromáticos insolúveis em água, facilitando sua remoção do meio aquoso. O objetivo deste trabalho foi extrair as peroxidases da casca de soja e do chuchu, realizar aminação na superfície da estrutura terciária das enzimas e imobilizarem estas enzimas nos suportes alternativos de celulose vegetal (pó de sabugo de milho) e de celulose bacteriana ativada e utilizar os derivados obtidos para descoloração do azul de bromofenol 0.01 mM. A quantidade de proteínas nos extratos foram determinada por Bradford com valores médios de 0,235 mg mL -1 para soja e 0,290 mg mL -1 para o chuchu, a atividade específica de peroxidase foi determinada com ABTS 1 mM em presença de H2O2 100 mM em λ= 430nm, obtendo-se os valores médios de 86,06 μmol min -1 mg -1 e 9,04 μmol min -1 mg -1 respectivamente, em tampão acetato de sódio 100 mM, pH 4,0. Aminação das peroxidases solúveis foram feitas em tampão etilenodiamina pH 4,75 e carbodiimida, 10 e 50 mM, a funcionalização das celuloses e imobilização covalente multipontual foram semelhantes às descritas para agarose (Guisan). 19 As peroxidases aminadas 10 e 50 mM foram imobilizadas covalentemente nos suportes ativados SM-glioxil e CB-glioxil. Para a descoloração do azul de bromofenol 0.01 mM, utilizou-se os derivados estabilizados em presença de H2O2 em λ= 590nm. Os derivados foram reutilizados por cinco reciclos, mantendo-se a propriedade catalítica, sugerindo que estes derivados são uma alternativa de baixo custo, não só para o tratamento de águas residuais como também com potenciais usos em outros processos industriais / Abstract: The peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.7) are hemoproteins that catalyze redox processes; during the oxidation the generated free radicals are forming poly-aromatic products insoluble in water, facilitating their removal from aqueous medium. The objective of this study was to extract peroxidases from the coat soybean and the chuchu (Sechium edule L), to make aminations on the tertiary structure of the enzymes surface, and immobilize these enzymes in the alternative supports of plant cellulose (powdered corn cob) and active bacterial cellulose, to use the derivatives obtained for the discoloration of the bromophenol blue 0.01 mM. The amount of protein in the extracts were determined by Bradford methods, with average values of 0,235 mg mL -1 for soybean and 0,290 mg mL -1 for chuchu peroxidases, the specific activity of peroxidase was determined with ABTS 1 mM in the presence of H2O2 100 mM in λ= 430nm, obtaining the mean values of 86,06 μmol min -1 mg -1 and 9,04 μmol min -1 mg -1 respectively, in sodium acetate buffer 100mM, pH 4,0. Amination of soluble peroxidases were made in buffer ethylenediamine pH 4,75 and carbodiimide, 10 and 50mM, the functionalization of cellulose and multipoint covalent immobilization were similar to those described for agarose (Guisan). 19 The amino peroxidases 10 and 50 mM were covalently immobilized on activated supports SM-glioxil and CB-glioxil. For discoloration of bromophenol blue 0.01 mM, we used derivatives of stabilized in H2O2 presence in λ= 590nm. The derivatives were reused for five recycling maintaining the catalytic property, suggesting that these products are a low cost alternative, not only for the treatment of wastewater as well as potential uses in other industrial processes / Doutor

Heraldry has been called the "shorthand of history" and with its own specific rules, symbols and shields in use for over eight hundred years, it is still of value today. Heraldry was first used as identification method in battle, but spread to other spheres of society. Heraldry was always part of the military and is still more visible in use by the military than other parts of society. It is these rules, terminology, and symbolism that influenced the choice of topic to understand the meaning of the emblems. Heraldry is a science that studies the rules and terminology of armorial bearings, as well as the colourful and artistic emblems of individuals, families, communities or nations. In ancient times man used symbols to distinguish and to identify with his world view. Ancient man's symbolic illustrative or carved signs evolved from totems being used as emblems of identification with clan members, to flags, badges and shields used in the army and logos used as trademarks. It grew into a science of heraldry with hereditary and regulating rules and systems. Symbols can mean different things to different people, the construction and reconstruction of meaning rely on the different cultural contexts in which it is used. It is these cultural contexts and the cohesion between them that will unveil the deeper meaning and worth of heraldic emblems. The study aims at compiling a catalogue of South African Army military units by presenting the emblems of the different units to understand the significance of the emblem for its users. To achieve this an exploratory and descriptive investigation on heraldry and South African military heraldry was done, defining esprit de corps, symbolism, identity, traditions, indigenous elements and totemism. The study focuses on the period 1994 to 2014 to give a snapshot of emblems in use during this period. It was mostly the emblems of higher headquarters that changed. The colours of the old flag of orange, white and blue changed to green, gold or yellow, red, blue, black and white. In spite of changes, the unit emblem still forged a strong bond of identity amongst members. / Mini Dissertation (MHCS)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Historical and Heritage Studies / MHCS / Unrestricted