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Optimal collection grid and transmission line topology for the grid connection of an offshore multi-source park.Nerby, Alfred January 2022 (has links)
As spacial restrictions become more and more of an issue for renewable energy parks onshore, more developers are turning offshore to develop future production. The desire for a diversity of energy sources combined with a desire to utilize space efficiently has sparked an interest in renewable energy parks where more than one energy source occupy the space. This master thesis took up the task of modeling the grid connection of such an offshore multi-source park consisting of wind turbines and floating solar panels from a techno-economical perspective. The grid connection consists of everything from the wind turbine and solar output to the Point of Common Connection (PCC) onshore. The park consists of a 4x4 set of 15MW wind turbines accompanied by three large floating platforms of solar panels. Two different ways of creating the grid connection have been investigated, including many sub-cases. HVAC-transmission to shore has been compared with HVDC-transmission at different line voltages and transmission distances. The use of shunt reactors at the middle point of the transmission lines have been investigated to try extending the distance where HVAC was viable. A radial AC-collection grid has also been compared with a parallel DC-grid to see if DC-grids shows any promise. All of these different cases have been evaluated based on their total cost over a 25 year period. The result has shown that HVAC-transmission is desirable for shorter distances, but eventually reaches a break-even point where HVDC makes more sense economically. Adding a middle shunt was shown to be able to make HVAC competitive, if not desirable, compared to HVDC as the distance becomes long. Changes in the collection grid have significantly less of an impact on the cost of the entire system compared to the transmission. It was concluded that a multi- source park of wind and solar shows similar results compared to offshore parks consisting only of wind power and similar conclusions could be drawn. The biggest challenges for multi-source parks are not in the electrical domain, but in structural design where floating solar face a lot of challenges such as mechanical stress from strong waves. / EU-SCORES
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