Abstract User experience has become a popular term in research and industry. There has been a great attempt to study and design user experiences. This thesis gives a practical view to user experience studies and methods by reporting test settings and results of the ADAMOS case studies. The goal of the ADAMOS project was to investigate context- and action-sensitive services in terms of how users experience when the system can detect one’s location and actions, and then adjust according to this information. The aim of this thesis is to investigate problems and issues in studying user experiences of mobile services and to find out in which conditions the study of user experience is possible and meaningful. As a contribution this thesis provides practical information for conducting user experience studies and evaluating experiences. The first contribution is a framework (U2E-Frame), which I created and improved iteratively in each test case. The framework is method-independent and it can be used for planning and conducting tests. The second contribution of the thesis is the practical view to all methods that are created, applied, presented and evaluated in this thesis. Especially during this thesis work three novel methods (Mobile Feedback, 3E-Diary and SUE methodology) have been developed and evaluated. The evaluation of the research methods illustrates that the best practice to study user experience is to use several methods together. This enables deeper understanding of user experiences. As the third contribution of this thesis I introduce a proposal of ten user experience heuristics for design and evaluation of user experiences. The aim of these heuristics is to enable designers to understand what meaning user experience has in product design. Developers can use these heuristics for designing and evaluating user experience aspects in product design. This thesis presents the main challenges in user experience research: know what to study (comprehensive user experience), know how to study it (find appropriate methods) and know how to evaluate and design it (user experience heuristics). An answer to the research problem is that it is both possible and meaningful to study user experience when we know user experience targets, and features of the services we want to investigate, and we can use the most appropriate methods, ensure the participant’s commitment to the test and ensure analysing relationships between results collected with different methods.

Les données ont massivement investi le monde du sport de haut niveau. Les sports collectifs comme le football et le rugby à 15 qui sont parmi les sports les plus médiatisés sont particulièrement concernés par ce phénomène. De plus, les performances dans un sport collectif sont multifactorielles et multidimensionnelles et sont étroitement liées à la survenue de blessures. Les sport scientists cherchent à comprendre et à contextualiser au mieux ces performances. Pour se faire, ils demandent et consomment énormément de données dont les sources sont multiples car émanant de la concertation des différents membres du staff entourant les athlètes. La participation de l’ensemble du staff, et des joueurs, fait des sciences du sport une thématique de recherche pluridisciplinaire. Dans ce contexte, les biostatistiques trouvent naturellement leur place en collaboration directe avec les sport scientitsts, à l’interface entre les données produites et les problématiques posées par le staff afin d’aider à la prise de décision.Les sports collectifs impliquent des individus qui jouent en équipe. Par définition, analyser ces sports nécessite un regard à la fois individuel et collectif. C’est cette double analyse qui a été réalisée au cours de cette thèse. L’individualisation du suivi des performances et de l’état de santé des joueurs est clairement indispensable et il implique l’élaboration d’outils statistiques adaptés aux problématiques soulevées. Le développement de méthodes basées sur le z-score pour l’analyse de marqueurs biologiques issus d’un suivi longitudinal est un exemple de l’apport réciproque qu’une collaboration entre biostatistiques et science du sport peut produire : une meilleure compréhension de l’état de santé des joueurs indispensable à l’optimisation de leur performance et à la minimisation de l’exposition aux facteurs de risques de blessure et les perspectives d’optimisation d’outils statistiques existants. La correction d’un test largement utilisé, le test de Mann-Whitney trouve aussi sa place dans la volonté de comparer des performances individuelles évoluant au cours du temps, problématique rencontrée dans la détection, la sélection ou encore les protocoles de soins. C’est ensuite la dimension collective qui a été investiguée. L’individualisation des suivis permet de comprendre ce qu’il se passe au sein de chaque joueur et de personnaliser les prises en charges par le staff. Mais qu’en est-il de la gestion du collectif ? Comment la gestion d’une équipe, d’un groupe peut optimiser sa performance et impacter la survenue de blessures ? A travers deux études sur le rugby à XV, nous avons montré à travers l’application d’outils statistiques adaptés que la dimension collective de l’analyse de la performance était indispensable à sa compréhension. En effet une gestion de groupe optimisée, favorable à la création d’expérience collective, de cohésion, répartissant intelligemment le temps de jeu entre les joueurs participe à la réalisation de meilleures performances. Les perspectives soulevées par ces analyses quantitatives de l’expérience collective dans un sport collectif ont été discutées. Dont l’impact sur la survenue des blessures qui est une problématique majeure soulevée par les staffs car impactant directement la performance du groupe. Mais les relations entre gestion d’effectif et blessures sont à ce jour peu analysées.Les études présentées dans cette thèse illustrent certaines étapes de l’échange nécessaire entre les différentes disciplines rassemblées autour des sciences du sport et montrent comment les biostatistiques s’inscrivent dans le processus de décision des staffs. / Data has massively invaded the world of high-level sport. Team sports such as football and rugby union, which are among the most publicized sports, are particularly concerned by this phenomenon. In addition, performance in a team sport is multifactorial and multidimensional and are deeply linked to the injuries. Sports scientists seek to understand and contextualize these performances as well as possible. To do so, a lot of data are needed and consumed. Those data are coming from many sources as they are the results of a global thinking between staff members surrounding the athletes. The participation of all the staff, and players, makes sports science answering the call of interdisciplinary research. In this context, biostatistics naturally find their place in direct collaboration with sports scientist, at the interface between data produced and the issues raised by the staff in order to help decision-making.Team sports involve individuals who play as a team. By definition, analyzing these sports requires both individual and collective assessment. It is this double analysis that was carried out during this thesis. The individualization of performance monitoring and health condition of players is clearly essential and it involves the development of statistical tools adapted to the issues raised. Z-score-based methods development for the analysis of biomarkers derived from longitudinal monitoring is an example of the reciprocal contribution that a collaboration between biostatistics and sports science can produce: a better understanding of players' state of health, which is essential for optimizing their performance and minimizing exposure to injury risk factors, and the prospects for optimizing existing statistical tools. The correction of a widely used test, the Mann-Whitney test also finds its place in the will to compare individual performance evolving over time, an issue encountered in detection, selection or rehabilitation protocols.Then, the collective dimension has been investigated. The individualization of the monitoring makes it possible to understand what is happening within each player and to personalize support by the staff. But what about team management? How can managing a group optimize its performance and impact the occurrence of injuries? Through two studies on rugby union, we have shown through the application of adapted statistical tools that the collective dimension of the analysis of the performance was essential to its understanding. Indeed, an optimized group management, favorable to the creation of collective experience, cohesion, and cleverly spreading playing time between the players contributes to better performance. The perspectives raised by these quantitative analyzes of collective experience in a collective sport were discussed. Including the impact on the occurrence of injuries which is a major issue raised by staffs because directly impacting the performance of the group. But the relationship between workforce management and injuries is poorly analyzed.Studies presented in this thesis illustrate some stapes of the necessary exchange between the different disciplines gathered around sports sciences and show how biostatistics fit into the decision-making process of the staffs.

Building social networks plays a key role for international students as they undergo changes when moving to a new place. Different factors play a critical role in the experience of each individual. Creating a sense of connectedness to a community facilitates the assimilation of new and different cultures. Along with the emerging field of Human-Food Interaction, this study provides an early exploration of how shared experiences around the topic of food can facilitate interactions within social groups. A user-centered design approach helped to understand the needs of international students concerning their food practices. In turn, it led to the development of the prototype named Share my meal that facilitates interactions among international students through food, thus, opening up space for the discovery of new ingredients and culinary experiences as well as promoting socialization with other people. / Skapa ett socialt nätverk är viktigt för internationella studenter, eftersom när de flyttar till ett nytt land så genomgår de en stor förändring. Olika faktorer spelar en avgörande roll för varje individs upplevelse. Skapa en känsla av gemenskap och sammanhållning kan underlätta assimileringen av nya och olika kulturerna. Med det ökade intresset för området Human-Food Interaction, undersökte denna studie hur delade upplevelser av mat kan underlätta interaktionen inom sociala grupper. En användarcentrerad designstrategi användes för att förstå internationella studenters behov och vanor kring deras matkonsumtion. Följaktligen, ledde det till utvecklingen av prototypen Share my meal med syftet att genom mat, underlätta interaktionen mellan internationella studenter för att upptäckta av nya ingredienser och kulinariska upplevelser, men även främjar socialiseringen med andra människor.