Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2003. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 149 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-80).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also from UMI Company.

Numerous studies have been made looking at the differences in the resonance of choral and solo singing modes. None of these studies, however, have taken into account the particular challenges of a great majority of choral singers: undergraduate and graduate students. An experiment designed to remedy this situation was carried out in which nine baritones and bass-baritones were recording while singing in both solo and choral modes. The singers were divided in to three groups of three singers each, with each group representing a grade-achievement level: undergraduate underclassmen, undergraduate upperclassmen, and graduate students. Singers sang three examples of choral music and two examples of solo music. All the examples were sung in each of four different conditions. The recordings were analyzed in several different ways including spectrogram, formant mapping, long-term average spectrogram, and energy contour. The relative strengths of the fundamental frequency peak and the singer's formant peak were calculated. Results showed that the amount of change in the relative strength of the fundamental frequency between solo and choral modes became greater as the age and experience of the singer increased. Conversely, the amount of change in the relative strength of the singer's formant peak between the two modes dramatically decreased as the age and experience level of the singer increased. The ramifications of these findings on university choral and solo voice programs are discussed.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between variables that may be related to rape myth acceptance in college students. Identifying variables that may be related to rape myth acceptance is essential for improving rape prevention programming. The setting chosen to examine these variables consisted of 349 students enrolled in undergraduate courses at a mid-size, Midwestern University. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to examine the relationship between gender, year in school, previous participation in rape prevention programming, knowing a victim and/or past experiences of sexual victimization, and knowing a perpetrator and/or perpetration with rape myth acceptance. Personality constructs were utilized as covariates due to their expected influence on the dependent variable. Overall, only Openness to Experience significantly correlated with rape myth acceptance and the effect size was small.Results indicated a significant 2-way interaction for gender and year in school. The interaction revealed that at freshmen year, men showed much higher rape myth acceptance than women. Rape myth acceptance in men declined from freshmen year to senior year, but consistently remained higher than women. Rape myth acceptance in women only slightly decreased between freshmen and sophomore year, yet were significantly lower from freshmen to senior year. Although a significant interaction between gender and year in school was found, the interaction was ordinal making the main effects interpretable. In fact, results indicated a significant main effect for both gender and year in school. Specifically, men report higher rape myth acceptance than women. Also, acceptance of rape myths decreased as year in school increased. Implications of these findings and future directions for research are discussed. / Department of Educational Psychology

This study investigated the relationship of cigarette smoking to selected performance and personality factors among 151 university students. Smokers and nonsmokers were compared by means of individual t tests with regard to grade point average, verbal and quantitative SAT scores, and the 11; scales of the Omnibus Personality Inventory (OPI). The results revealed a statistically significant difference between the two groups on 8 of the 114 OPI scales: Theoretical Orientation, Complexity, Autonomy, Religious Orientation, Impulse Expression, Personal Integration, Altruism, and Practical Outlook. No significant differences, however, were found between smokers and nonsmokers on any of the 3 measures of academic performance.

This thesis was undertaken toward developing a better understanding of the processes by which college women adopt fashion apparel. The main objectives of the study were to identify and profile the innovator and also to determine the adoption process by a multiple regression equation.A random sample of 250 undergraduate women was drawn from tae 3all state university campus. -Data were collected on a questionnaire by personal interview. The questionnaire was divided into the following sections: (1) 6ocio-economic information, (2) Activities, (3) Information sources, (4) Adoption, (5) Purchasing (6) psychographics.The findings indicated that psychological characteristics are the major variables that differentiate the innovator from all other consumers. From a set of 3S study variables, a regression equation containing eight significant variables was able to explain 35 percent of the variation in the percentage of fashion apparel adopted by college women.