The purpose of this study was to examine how academic advising was conducted among institutions in the Council of Christian Colleges and Universities (CCCU). The study examined organizational advising models used by these institutions and to what extent they utilized developmental advising methods. The sample consisted of all 105 member institutions of the CCCU. The sample equaled the population. A web-based survey was sent to each person responsible for academic advising at the 105 institutions.More than three-fourths of the respondents in this study reported they did not have a stand-alone office for academic advising. Faculty advisors were the primary group responsible for academic advising. The organizational model most utilized was the Faculty-Only Model. When asked if the respondent's institution achieved six ideal student developmental outcomes for advising programs, over 50% responded partially achieved for each of the six categories.If these institutions want to do more than partially achieve student developmental outcomes, they may need to reevaluate what they want their advising goals to accomplish and what type of organizational model is best for their institution. In order to combine the benefits of using both faculty and professional advisors, it would be beneficial for many of the CCCU institutions to gradually move toward a shared organizational advising model as time and institutional resources allow. / Department of Educational Leadership

This study describes the status of zero-based budgeting in institutions of higher education in the United States. Purposes were to determine (a) knowledgeability of the chief financial officers about concept and techniques of ZBB, (b) Institutions' use of ZBB and other widely-used budgeting techniques such as Incremental, Formula, Planning, Programming and Line-item budgeting system, and (c) the chief financial officer's perceptions of ZBB. A questionnaire constructed from literature was mailed to two hundred randomly-selected institutions of higher education in the forty-eight contiguous states and authorized to offer at least a one-year program of college level studies toward a degree. The 136 returned useable responses were tabulated according to institution type, size, and amount of budget.