No description available.

No description available.

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to study B-esterases (EC 3.1.1.1) and C-esterases (EC 3.1.1.6) in five species of Collembola--; Folsomia candida, Proisotoma vesiculata, H,ypogastrura denticulata, and two undescribed species of Isotoma,. Ef values were computed for zymograms of 105 individuals and compared both within and among species. Certain bands-three to six in number--predominated on the zymograms of each species. The predominating bands differed among the five species resulting in a unique zymogram for each.It was also found that zymograms of normal and ecomorphic forms of Proisotoma vesiculata were dissimilar. Zymograms of specimens of Folsomia candida with access to food and those without food for 48 and 72 hours were similar. Zymograms from mascerated specimens frozen in buffer were not satisfactory.

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Soil is one of the most complex and understudied terrestrial habitats, and it comprises a wide range of organisms that affect the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Despite the importance of these below-ground fauna, our understanding of this diversity remains limited, especially in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR), where higher plants and other more conspicuous invertebrates have been better represented in the literatures. The main aim of this thesis is to provide the first insights into the taxonomic, cryptic and spatial diversity of one of the more diverse Collembola genera, Seira (Collembola: Entomobryidae: Seirinae), in the Fynbos and Southern Afrotemperate forest habitats of the CFR. Collembola constitute an important component of terrestrial biodiversity and are essential for ecosystem functioning. The thesis is divided into two data chapters. The first data chapter examines the mitochondrial barcoding COI (Cytochrome-c oxidase subunit I) gene of 496 Seira specimens from 41 Fynbos and forest sites. Discrete Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) are identified within Seira. Furthermore, divergence times are estimated and tentatively used to propose historical triggers for the diversification of Seira. Habitat specificity of Seira is assessed through phylogenetic reconstruction using Parsimony and Bayesian analyses based on the nucleotide and amino acid sequences. Genetic divergence indicates that Seira is composed of at least 91 MOTUs, suggesting that morphological taxonomy has vastly under-estimated the richness of this genus by at least four folds. Most of the MOTUs are highly habitat specific and geographically localised. The reconstruction of an evolutionary time frame of these lineages reveals several deep diversifications in the Miocene and a spate of more recent radiations in the Pleistocene and Holocene. Palaeo-environmental fluctuations and vegetation composition shifts are hypothesised as having increased the environmental complexity of the region and this may have influenced the diversification patterns of Seira. In the second data chapter, the spatial variation of Seira diversity is examined and compared between and within two major habitat types, Fynbos and forest, across nine study sites. Abiotic variables were recorded and compared for the investigation of environmental differences among habitat types. The habitat specificity of Seira is assessed, as well as the relative effects of habitat types and study sites on assemblage structure. Species richness of Seira is higher in Fynbos than in forest, and this could be due to the high heterogeneity of niches and resources created by the steep environmental and floristic gradients in the Fynbos habitats. Perhaps one of the most striking results is the high levels of beta diversity exhibited by Seira. The spatial turnover of the Seira assemblage is complete or nearly complete among and within habitat types across study sites within the CFR. Low dispersal abilities and consequently isolated evolutionary histories may account for the strong assemblage differences within the same habitat type of different study sites. However, the substantial differences in assemblage composition between adjacent habitat types in the same site are likely to be the result of the contrasting abiotic conditions exhibited by the Fynbos and forest habitats, as found by this study. Overall, the results of this thesis suggest that Seira species richness is much greater than previously thought. It follows similar diversity patterns to the well-described and hyper-diverse plant communities of the CFR. Here, for both CFR plants and Seira, the spectacular regional diversity displayed is not the result of high alpha diversity, but rather of substantial beta diversity. Because of the high beta diversity and the fact that only two CFR vegetation types were sampled from a limited number of study sites, I predict that the Seira species richness presented here is but the tip of the iceberg. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geen opsomming beskikbaar

Submitted by Dominick Jesus (dominickdejesus@hotmail.com) on 2016-02-02T19:27:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação_Mariana Botelho Serrano.pdf: 1478398 bytes, checksum: ad190c8d629dd905a88a9762b648ba76 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-02T19:27:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação_Mariana Botelho Serrano.pdf: 1478398 bytes, checksum: ad190c8d629dd905a88a9762b648ba76 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This paper presents the results of the analysis of the ecological structure on collembolo treated with parameters of richness and diversity, and taxonomic aspect, in reforestation areas and two primary forests. The main focus of this study was to verify the recovery of degraded areas and recovered areas over time, comparing the dynamics which species of Collembola can serve as bioindicators of major changes occurring over the years of planting. The comparison in these areas showed that diversity was higher in forests. However, despite the disturbance, the reforestation show high capacity for colonization where diversity was not affected. The collembolos are extremely sensitive to changes in the natural environment. However, the results from this study suggest that the model for restoration of impacted areas employed by the North River Mining, has led to a positive process of rehabilitation of these areas, revealed the high diversity of species recorded in plots reforested with native threes. Moreover, species of Collembolas can be used as bioindicators of soil quality in these areas. / Neste trabalho são apresentados os resultados da análise da estrutura ecológica de colêmbolos, tratados através de parâmetros de riqueza e diversidade, bem como aspecto taxonômico em áreas de reflorestamento e de duas florestas primárias. O foco principal do trabalho foi verificar a recuperação de áreas degradadas e recuperadas ao longo do tempo, comparando-se a dinâmica da comunidade de Collembola dessas áreas com a de uma floresta primária, e assim, determinar espécies de Collembola que possam servir como bioindicador das principais mudanças que ocorrem ao longo dos anos de plantio. A comparação específica nessas áreas de estudo mostrou que a diversidade foi maior nas florestas. No entanto, apesar da perturbação sofrida, os reflorestamentos mostram alta capacidade de colonização onde a diversidade não foi afetada. Os colêmbolos são extremamente sensíveis às mudanças do ambiente natural. Entretanto, os resultados obtidos neste estudo sugerem que o modelo de restauração das áreas impactadas empregado pela Mineração Rio do Norte, tem conduzido a um processo de reabilitação positiva destas áreas, revelado pela alta diversidade de espécies registrada nas parcelas reflorestadas com árvores nativas. Além disso, espécies de Collembola podem ser usadas como bioindicadores da qualidade do solo destas áreas.

Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-04-28T14:27:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Iara Cristina da Silva Lima.pdf: 2183130 bytes, checksum: e99a6a8bf3439a3a5d96746feddd5182 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-07-25T19:29:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Iara Cristina da Silva Lima.pdf: 2183130 bytes, checksum: e99a6a8bf3439a3a5d96746feddd5182 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-25T19:29:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Iara Cristina da Silva Lima.pdf: 2183130 bytes, checksum: e99a6a8bf3439a3a5d96746feddd5182 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-28 / The Domain Caatinga spans much of the Northeast, the semiarid climate and xerophytic vegetation are striking characteristics of this area. Collembola are found in all zoogeographic regions of the Earth, are non-insect hexapods animals, edaphic and highly dependent on soil moisture. The diversity of this group is closely linked to seasonal and environmental characteristics.The aim of this paper was to verify the Collembola distribution patterns in three areas of environmental protection in the semiarid Paraiba, in the cities of São João do Cariri, São João do Tigre and Santa Teresinha. The search was conducted for two seasonal periods of the year, the dry season and rainy season. In each study area, they were drawn ten plots of 100m² and each plot was traced three distant points among themselves five meters for the removal and measurement of litter and phytosociological survey; in each plot was taken a soil sample. The organisms collected were screened and identified the species level. Absolute and relative abundances were estimated richness, diversity indices, equitability and similarity. To analyze the abundance of the regions between the samples was the Kruskal-Wallis test. The representativeness of the inventory was estimated using species accumulation curve. Within the Protected Areas and between areas: alpha diversity and estimated the beta diversity into two distinct scales was quantified. The diversity indices of Shannon-Wiener, α-Fisher, Margalef, Simpson and Whittaker were used; and the evenness index of Pielou. A cluster analysis was performed to verify the formation of groups among the studied areas. Multivariate as Canonical Correspondence Analysis were used to evaluate the composition of communities and associate this composition habitat. It was collected 6,226 individuals of Collembola during the two periods of collections, represented by 24 species, 17 genera and 9 families; where the dry season (PS) were recorded 50 individuals distributed in 4 families, 7 genera and 7 species During the rainy season (PC) were collected 6,176 individuals in nine families, 17 genera and 24 species. The most representative species were Brachystomella purma and B. agrosa totaling 83.74% of the individuals found. According to statistical analysis, areas of São João do Cariri and Santa Teresinha are most closely related and are more homogeneous than the areas of São João do Tigre. Therefore, any strategies for environmental conservation areas studied should take into account the spatial scales presented in this study, since the change in diversity was highest within each study area. / O Domínio da Caatinga se estende por grande parte da região Nordeste, o clima semiárido e a vegetação xerófila são características marcantes dessa área. Collembola são encontrados em todas as regiões zoogeográficas da Terra, são animais hexápodes não-insetos, edáficos e bastante dependentes da umidade do solo. A diversidade desse grupo está intimamente ligada às características sazonais e ambientais. O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar os padrões de distribuição de Collembola em três regiões de proteção ambiental no semiárido Paraibano, localizadas nas cidades de São João do Cariri, São João do Tigre e Santa Teresinha. A pesquisa foi realizada durante dois períodos estacionais do ano, o período de estiagem e período chuvoso. Em cada área de estudo, foram traçados dez parcelas de 100m² e em cada parcela foi traçados três pontos distantes entre si cinco metros para a retirada e medição do folhiço e levantamento fitossociólogico; em cada parcela foi retirada uma amostra de solo. Os organismos coletados foram triados e identificados a nível de espécies. Foram estimadas abundâncias absoluta e relativa, riqueza, índices de diversidade, equitabilidade e similaridade. Para analisar a abundância entre as amostras das regiões foi utilizado o teste de Kruskal-Wallis. A representatividade do inventário foi estimada por meio de curva de acumulação de espécies. Foi quantificada a diversidade alfa e estimada a diversidade beta em duas escalas distintas: dentro das Áreas de Proteção e entre as Áreas. Foram utilizados os índices de diversidade de Shannon-Wiener, α-Fisher, Margalef, Simpson e Whittaker; e o índice de equitabilidade de Pielou. Uma análise de agrupamento de cluster foi realizada para verificar a formação de grupos entre as áreas estudadas. Técnicas de análise multivariada como Análise de Correspondência Canônica foram usadas para avaliar a composição das comunidades e associar esta composição ao habitat. Foram coletados 6.226 indivíduos de Collembola durante os dois períodos de coletas, representados por 24 espécies, 17 gêneros e 9 famílias; no qual no período seco (PS) foram registrados 50 indivíduos distribuídos em 4 famílias, 7 gêneros e 7 espécies No período chuvoso (PC) foram coletadas 6.176 indivíduos distribuídos em 9 famílias, 17 gêneros e 24 espécies. As espécies mais representativas foram Brachystomella purma e B. agrosa que somaram 83,74% dos indivíduos encontrados. De acordo com as análises estatísticas, as áreas de São João do Cariri e de Santa Teresinha estão mais intimamente relacionadas e são mais homogêneas do que as áreas de São João do Tigre. Sendo assim, quaisquer estratégias voltadas à conservação ambiental das áreas estudadas devem levar em consideração as escalas espaciais apresentadas neste estudo, já que a variação da diversidade foi maior dentro de cada área estudada.

Submitted by Erondina Silva (erondinasilva@ufgd.edu.br) on 2010-10-21T12:16:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_RosimeireFernandesSilva.pdf: 688816 bytes, checksum: cd188ac1fcf0e3e650ac63cc9fd59a92 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-10-21T12:16:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_RosimeireFernandesSilva.pdf: 688816 bytes, checksum: cd188ac1fcf0e3e650ac63cc9fd59a92 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-31 / O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a composição e a dinâmica das populações dos organismos da Classe Collembola como bioindicadores de impactos ambientais, através da comparação de amostras do solo em ambientes naturais e em agroecossistemas e inferir sobre o seu papel no funcionamento e na sustentabilidade dos sistemas de plantio. O material do estudo foi retirado em cinco ambientes distintos localizados na Fazenda Experimental da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD) e Mata do Azulão (Fazenda Coqueiro): plantio direto irrigado (PDI), plantio direto de sequeiro (PDS), plantio convencional irrigado (PCI) plantio convencional de sequeiro (PCS), e ambiente natural (mata), em cinco profundidades do perfil do solo para cada local amostrado no município de Dourados-MS, no período de agosto à dezembro de 2006. Foram obtidos 108 indivíduos divididos em 6 famílias. O ambiente natural registrou um efeito decrescente em número de indivíduos da primeira para a última camada amostrada. Em PDI e ambiente natural ocorreu a maior média de organismos, seguidos por PDS. Os representantes das famílias Isotomidae e Entomobryidae foram encontrados em maior quantidade nestes sistemas. A Família Isotomidae teve um aumento no número de indivíduos encontrados da primeira para a última época amostrada.

Yes / Springtails (Collembola) are unique in Hexapoda for bearing a ventral tube (collophore) on the first abdominal segment. Although numerous studies have been conducted on the functions of the ventral tube, its fine structure has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. In this paper, we observed the jumping behavior of the clover springtail Sminthurus viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) and dissected the ventral tube using light microscopy to elucidate the fine structure and the possible function of the ventral tube. The results show that a pair of eversible vesicles can be extended from the apical opening of the ventral tube. The eversible vesicles are furnished with numerous small papillae, and can be divided into a basal part and a distal part. The eversible vesicles have a central lumen connected to the tiny papillae and leading to the body cavity. The eversible vesicles can reach any part of the body, and may serve as following functions: (a) absorbing moisture; (b) uptaking water; (c) cleaning the body surface; and (d) fastening the body on a smooth surface.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T12:22:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Estevam Cipriano Araujo de Lima.pdf: 1780691 bytes, checksum: 6d96c61393940933aac44c66940be196 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-20 / The terrestrial fauna on oceanic islands is highly vulnerability and diversity particular due to the geographical limited and unique space. Conservation Strategies of island must be strict to ensure the maintenance of diversity. The recognition of distribution patterns of diversity is important to determine the appropriate spatial scales for the development of conservation strategies biogeographic. This work, by partitioning the diversity of Collembola in Oceanic Islands of the Archipelago Fernando de Noronha, we present the distribution pattern the diversity of arthropods and also described a new species of Collembola endemic to this island environment. This work was structured in three chapters. In the first we present the state of the art, the objectives (general and specific), hypothesis, inquiry and characterization of the study area. The remaining chapters were developed in article format, respecting the proposed by the respective magazines format. The second chapter presents a study on the spatial distribution of Collembola, which determine the appropriate scale for the conservation of the Archipelago Fernando de Noronha and will be submitted for Diversity and Distributions ( IF 6.122 ) magazine and third present the first species of collembola endemic and restricted the sandy strand of the Archipelago Fernando de Noronha published in The Florida Entomologist (IF 1.163 ) in December 2013 (volume 96 , pages 1579-1587) titled " A New Species of Isotogastrura (Collembola : Isotogastruridae) from Northeastern Brazil " (PALACIOS - VARGAS et al., 2013) . / A fauna terrestre em ilhas oceânicas apresenta alta vulnerabilidade e diversidade particular, devido ao espaço geográfico restrito e único. As estratégias de conservação dos ambientes insulares devem ser rigorosas para garantir a manutenção da diversidade. O reconhecimento dos padrões de distribuição da diversidade é importante para determinar as escalas espaciais apropriadas para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de conservação biogeográfica. No presente trabalho, através do particionamento da diversidade de Collembola em Ilhas Oceânicas do Arquipélago Fernando de Noronha, apresentamos o padrão de distribuição da diversidade destes artrópodes e também descrevemos uma nova espécie de Collembola endêmica deste ambiente insular. Este trabalho foi estruturado em três capítulos. No primeiro apresentamos o estado da arte, os objetivos (gerais e específicos), hipótese, pergunta e a caracterização da área de estudo. Os demais capítulos foram desenvolvidos em formato de artigo, respeitando o formato proposto pelas respectivas revistas. O segundo capítulo traz um estudo sobre a distribuição espacial de Collembola, onde determinamos a escala apropriada para a conservação do Arquipélago Fernando de Noronha e será submetido à revista Diversity and Distributions (IF 6.122) e no terceiro apresentamos a primeira espécie de collembola endêmica e restrita ao cordão arenoso do Arquipélago Fernando de Noronha publicado na revista The Florida Entomologist (IF 1.163) em dezembro de 2013 (volume 96, páginas 1579-1587) intitulado A New Species Of Isotogastrura (Collembola: Isotogastruridae) From Northeastern Brazil (PALACIOSVARGAS et al., 2013).

Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Marion Island is situated approximately 2600 km southeast of Cape Town and is the larger of the two islands that comprise the Prince Edward Island group. During past glaciation events, Marion was partially covered by ice with fauna and flora confined to isolated refugia across the island. As a result of these long-term isolation events, it is postulated that species predating these glaciation events might show geographic partitioning of genetic variation. Subsequently, the majority of Southern Oceanic islands have a history of sealing activities with vessels frequenting various islands in their hunt for seals. These combined visits to several islands could have facilitated the introduction of alien species, or the reintroduction of species already present on islands. These incidents, combined with more recent scientific voyages, have led to the establishment of several exotic species on Marion Island. Two indigenous Collembola species (Cryptopygus antarcticus (Willem, 1901) and Tullbergia bisetosa (Börner, 1903)) were chosen as model species to investigate the possible effects of glaciation on the spatial distribution of genetic variation on indigenous species. Given the negative impact that alien taxa have on indigenous species and ecosystems, the phylogeographic population structure of the recently introduced Isotomurus cf. palustris (Müller, 1876) was determined and compared to those described for the two indigenous species. To address these questions, two mitochondrial DNA genes were targeted: cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII). These genes were sequenced (GENBANK accession numbers DQ147289-DQ147558) and analysed using, amongst others, AMOVA (Analysis of Molecular Variance), SAMOVA (Spatial Analysis of Molecular Variance) and NCA (Nested Clade Analysis). As expected, the two indigenous species showed distinct signs of population expansion, whilst the recently introduced species exhibits little genetic variance across its range. The life histories of species have an influence on their resultant genetic signature; therefore life history parameters were incorporated to explain differences in the phylogeographic patterns observed for these three species. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Marion Eiland is die groter van twee eilande wat die Prins Edward eilandgroep vorm, ongeveer 2600 km suid-oos vanaf Kaapstad. Gedurende glasiasie episodes in die verlede, was Marion gedeeltelik met ys bedek en fauna en flora was geisoleer in klein gedeeltes van die eiland wat beskut was. As gevolg van hierdie langtermyn isolasie word daar voorgestel dat spesies wat op die eiland was voor hierdie gebeurtenisse plaasgevind het, ‘n geografiese verdeling van genetiese variasie sal toon. Sedertdien het die meerderheid van die eilande in die Suidelike Oseaan ook ‘n geskiedenis van skepe wat op een of meer van die eilande aangedoen het in die jag op robbe. Hierdie besoeke deur die robjagters aan die eilande het meegebring dat daar eksotiese spesies op die eiland aangekom het of dat spesies wat reeds op die eiland voorgekom het, opnuut daar geland het. Hierdie, tesame met die onlangse wetenskaplike reise na Marion Eiland, het daartoe gelei dat baie eksotiese spesies ingevoer is na die eiland. Twee inheemse spesies, naamlik Cryptopygus antarcticus (Willem, 1901) en Tullbergia bisetosa (Börner, 1903) is gekies om as model spesies te dien om die moontlike gevolge van glasiasie op die geografiese verspreiding van genetiese variasie te toets. In ag geneem die moontlike negatiewe impak wat eksotiese spesies op die inheemse spesies mag hê, is die filogeografie van ‘n uitheemse spesie, Isotomurus cf. palustris (Müller, 1876) ook bepaal en vergelyk met díe van die bogenoemde inheemse spesies. Dit is gedoen deur twee gene, sitokroom oksidase I (COI) en sitokroom oksidase II (COII) te analiseer. Hierdie gene se basispaarvolgordes is bepaal (GENBANK toetreenommers DQ147289-DQ147558), en hulle is ge-analiseer deur gebruik te maak van AMOVA (Analise van Molekulêre Variasie), SAMOVA (Ruimtelike Analises van Molekulêre Variasie) en NCA (geseteldegroepsanalises). Net soos verwag, het die twee inheemse spesies albei duidelike tekens getoon van ‘n bevolkingstoename terwyl die uitheemse spesie amper geen variasie oor sy verspreidingsgebied getoon het nie. Die lewensstyle van spesies het ‘n beduidende invloed op hulle genetiese bevolkingstruktuur. As sulks is díe in ag geneem om die verskille tussen hulle genetiese strukture te verduidelik.