The goal of this thesis is to determine and analyze trade relations between the Czech Republic and Colombia and to identify concrete business opportunities among them. the sub goals include the comparison of macroeconomic, political and socioeconomic indicators, analysis of the trade flows of goods, to identify the top 10 products and to determine the competitive advantage of both countries by using Porter's model of national competitive advantage. Finally several business opportunities are identified and each of them is described in more detail. The used methods are description, analysis and comparison of data from the Trademap webpage, World Bank and official records and reports from both countries trade ministries.

El artículo no presenta resumen.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The Republic of Colombia, with approximately 48 million inhabitants, is the fourth largest country by population in the Americas, after the U.S., Brasil, and México. It is divided politically into 32 departments and 10 districts with 1101 municipalities. Colombia has a rich history of philanthropy and solidarity since colonial times. Together, with the political strife of the past, these shed light on present day philanthropic practices and trends toward thriving civil society formation in the country. In order to strategically address human challenges and strengthen civil society in Colombia, a vision of what the civil society landscape looked like was needed. No such system existed in Colombia, and the extent and breadth of the sector was not known. The federal government has no single database that tracks the sector. Therefore, the primary research question for this case study is—What is the size and scope of civil society in Colombia? This dissertation, in good measure, provides the answer. It provides a geographical and taxonomical map of civil society organizations (CSOs) in Colombia. This dissertation also examines how Colombia came to have a thriving civil society sector yet lack a federal registry. Findings show there are 24 federal and capital district registries of different types of civil society. Moreover, each of the 32 departments have registries for health and education and some also register CSOs related to environment, culture, sports, and recreation. Findings from 21 of the 24 federal or district registries and three of the 32 departments reveal a total of 296,467 CSOs. This constitutes an estimate of 98.60 percent of all possible records. There is approximately one CSO for every 163 inhabitants or 61.5 CSOs for every 10,000 inhabitants, giving Colombia the highest number of registered CSOs per capita in the Americas, save the United States. The National Taxonomy of Exempt Entity (NTEE) codes were applied to CSOs, where possible. Findings reveal Colombia has a balanced civil society, with no subsector greater than 33 percent of total CSOs.

Este es un artículo científico de tipo analítico y reflexivo para lo cual se hizo una exegesis de la normatividad de carácter Internacional, Jurisprudencia, las leyes, el Auto No 19 de 2021 y demás artículos científicos relacionados con la violencia sexual hacia la mujer. A partir de ello se observó el pronunciamiento de la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz (JEP), sobre los seis (6) casos más relevantes de violencia sexual por parte la guerrilla de las FARC-EP enunciados en el Auto No 19 de 2021. En el tema investigado se observó que este grupo guerrillero, ejerció poder y control sobre el cuerpo de las mujeres víctimas del secuestro, a partir de sus comportamientos crueles e inhumanos con el fin último de lograr sus propósitos terroristas. / This is an analytical and reflective scientific article, on the grounds of an exegesis of the international regulations, the jurisprudence, the laws, writ N.19 of 2021 and other scientific articles related to sexual violence against women. Based upon the foregoing, the pronouncement of the Peace Special Jurisdiction (JEP) with respect to the six (6) most relevant cases of sexual violence committed by the FARC-EP guerrillas set forth in Order N.19 of 2021 was analyzed. Within the investigation subject, it was observed that such guerrilla group exercised power and control over the bodies of kidnapped women, based on the guerrilla’s cruel and inhuman behavior, with the ultimate purpose of achieving their terrorist objectives.

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La comunidad wayuu es la comunidad indígena más grande de Colombia. Se encuentra ubicada en el departamento de La Guajira al norte del país. Es una comunidad que en su gran mayoría vive en condiciones de pobreza extrema. En La Guajira, desde el año 1986 se está desarrollando el proyecto minero Cerrejón, este ha generado amplios impactos en las comunidades que allí habitan. La presente investigación se concentra en el análisis de los efectos del proyecto minero Cerrejón en la creación de un nuevo orden social que transforma los mecanismos participativos utilizados al interior de la comunidad. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación, se utiliza el enfoque de capacidades y desarrollo humano, originalmente desarrollado por Amartya Sen, como herramienta analítica para identificar las transformaciones en el ejercicio de la capacidad de participación ciudadana causadas por el proyecto. La metodología utilizada fue cualitativa y participativa. Durante los meses de julio a septiembre de 2018 se realizaron entrevistas a miembros de la comunidad wayuu en el municipio de Barrancas al sur de La Guajira, por ser el área donde se concentra la explotación. / The Wayuu community is the largest indigenous community in Colombia. It is located in the department of La Guajira in the northern part of the country. The majority of its inhabitants live in extreme poverty. In La Guajira, the Cerrejón mining project has been developing since 1986, and this has caused a widespread effect in the communities that live there. The present investigation focuses on the analysis of the effects of the Cerrejón mining project in the creation of a new social order that transforms the participatory mechanisms used within the community. To carry out this research, the capabilities approach and human development, originally developed by Amartya Sen, is used as an analytical tool to identify the transformations in the utilization of the capacity of citizen participation caused by the project. The methodology used was qualitative and participatory. During the months of July to September of 2018, interviews were conducted with members of the Wayuu community in the municipality of Barrancas, south of La Guajira, as it is the area where the exploitation is concentrated. / Tesis

Las negociaciones del TLC (Tratado de Libre Comercio) con EE.UU. por parte de Colombia trajeron consigo una serie de consecuencias tanto jurídicas como políticas en lo competente a salud pública. La presente tesis desarrolla cómo se da ese impacto sobre el acceso a medicamentos genéricos producto de la protección de datos de prueba, y cómo la normativa andina fue modificada dada la priorización de los intereses comerciales sobre la salud pública. Asimismo, se enfatiza en cómo dar reversa a la protección de datos de prueba de cinco años se hace imposible producto de lo ya pactado en el TLC. Para alcanzar los objetivos de la presente investigación, se analiza la demanda de acción de incumplimiento interpuesta por la Asociación de Industrias Farmacéuticas Colombianas (ASINFAR) y la posición del Tribunal de Justicia de la Comunidad Andina (TJCA). También, en el desarrollo del tema de investigación, son usados el método dogmático, exegético y comparativo: basado en normativa nacional de Colombia en el análisis del Decreto 2085; Derecho comunitario andino con el desarrollo de la protección de datos desde la Decisión 344, la Decisión 486 y, la Decisión 632. También son tenidas en cuenta normas de Derecho internacional público con el análisis de la postura de organizaciones internacionales, tales como la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC), Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y también, la posición en el Derecho de las inversiones sobre el derecho soberano que tiene los países de priorizar la salud pública por encima de otros intereses. Se concluye que los países en desarrollo como Colombia, deben ser más cuidadosos al momento de negociar los TLC ya que pueden exponer sus intereses nacionales a consecuencias negativas, como lo es limitar el acceso a los medicamentos genéricos debido a la protección de datos de prueba. / The negotiations of the FTA (Free Trade Agreement) between Colombia and the United States showed both legal and political consequences on public health.. This thesis develops how this impact occurs on the access to generic medicines due to the protection of test data, and how the Andean regulation was modified given the prioritization of commercial interests over public health. Likewise, emphasis is placed on how to reverse the protection of test data for five years, making it impossible to produce a product already agreed in the FTA. In order to achieve the objectives of the present investigation, we analyze the action for noncompliance filed by the Association of Colombian Pharmaceutical Industries (ASINFAR) and the position of the Court of Justice of the Andean Community (TJCA). In the development of the research topic, the dogmatic, exegetical and comparative method is used: based on Colombian national regulations in the analysis of Decree 2085, Andean community law with the development of data protection since Decision 344, Decision 486 and Decision 632. Besides, we take into account rules of public international law with the analysis of the position of international organizations, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), World Health Organization (WHO) and even, the position of investment law on sovereign right to prioritize public health, In conclusion, developing countries like Colombia should be more careful when negotiating FTAs, because developing countries can expose their national interests to negative consequences, such as limiting access to generic medicines due to the protection of test data. / Tesis

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: leaves 187-192. / by Edward Stanley Popko II. / Ph.D.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2008. / A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, College of Business, School of Management, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographies.