Includes bibliographical references. / South African social relations in the second decade of democracy remain framed by race. Spatial and social lived realities, the continued importance of belonging - to feel part of a community, mean that identifying as 'coloured' in South Africa continues to be contested, fluid and often ambiguous. This thesis considers the changing social location of 'coloured' teachers through the narratives of former and current teachers and students. Education is used as a site through which to explore the wider social impacts of social and spatial engineering during and subsequent to apartheid. Two key themes are examined in the space of education, those of racial identity and of respect. These are brought together in an interwoven narrative to consider whether or not 'coloured' teachers in the post-apartheid period are respected and the historical trajectories leading to the contemporary situation. Two main concerns are addressed. The first considers the question of racial identification to constructions of self-identity. Working with post-colonial theory and notions of mimicry and ambivalence, the relationship between teachers and the identifier 'coloured' is shown to be problematic and contested. Second, and connected to teachers' engagement with racialised identities, is the notion of respect. As with claims to identity and racial categorisation, the concept of respect is considered as mutable and dynamic and rendered with contextually subjective meanings that are often contested and ambivalent. Political and social changes affect the context within which relations to identities are constructed. In South Africa, this has shaped a shift away from the struggle ideology of non-racialism and the respect that could be accrued through this. This process also complicated the status recognition respect historically associated with teaching. As local, national and global contexts have shifted and processes of globalisations have impacted upon cultural and social capital, the prestige and respect of teaching have changed. Appraisal respect has become increasingly important, and is influencing contested concepts of respect and identity. As these teachers exert claims to identities which include assertions of belonging in relation to race and attempts to earn respect, these processes are shown to be elusive and ambiguous. As a trans-disciplinary thesis, this work is located at the intersection of, and between, geography, education, history, anthropology, politics and sociology. Utilising a wide range of materials, from documentary sources, archives, participant observation, interviews and life histories, a multilayered story is woven together. The work's originality stems from this trans-disciplinary grounding and its engagement with wide ranging theoretical approaches. This thesis argues that the lived experience of educators reflects the ambiguous and contentious experience of 'coloureds' in Cape Town. Drawing upon wider literature and debate, the contested location of education - its commodification - in South Africa reflects broader concerns of educationalists in the North and South, and is imbued within concerns over development and sustainability.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--UCLA, 2009. / Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 251-260).

No description available.

The National Association of Colored Women was formed in 1896, during a period when the Negro was encountering a great amount of difficulty in maintaining the legal and political rights granted to him during the period of reconstruction. As a result of this erosion· of power, some historians have contended that the Negro male was unable to effectively deal with the problems that arose within the Negro community. It was during this same period of time that the Negro woman began to assert herself in the affairs of her community. In the beginning, her work was done in conjunction with church groups and ladies auxiliaries to Negro male secret societies and fraternal organizations. In the 1890's, however, she began to form clubs of her own. This did not mean that the other organizational ties were severed, but rather that she added new priorities to her varied interests. Generally speaking, the women who participated in these groups were middle class women who saw needs within the Negro community and attempted, with their limited resources, to alleviate the problems. There were many clubs of Negro women formed during the period from 1890 to 1895, and there was a general feeling that unification of the clubs would be beneficial to the overall movement of Negro women. The major goal of the National Association of Colored Women was the uplift of the Negro race in all facets of life. The organization declared that it was not drawing the color line but that all clubs of women whose goal was to improve the life of the Negro were eligible to join. From the beginning, the goal that the National Association of Colored Women set up for itself was too broad in relation to membership and resources of the members. Instead of concentrating on one or two specific areas, such as kindergartens, reformatories for Negro youth, homes for the aged, or civil rights, the women divided their forces to such an extent that their effectiveness in dealing with the problems that plagued the Negro community was extremely limited. It is true that many fine examples of their dedication and unselfishness brought relief and in some cases institutions were established to aid their people, but more often than not the lack of unified efforts failed to produce the desired results. Besides the diffusion of goals, there was also the human factors of pettiness, un-co-operative spirit and a desire for self-recognition that disrupted the movement. Later, with the formation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the N.A.A.C.P . , the National Urban League and other similar organizations dedicated to the improvement of the life of the Negro, the National Association of Colored Women lost much of its impact. In part this was caused by the limiting of the goals pursued by the new organizations. They concentrated their efforts on a few specific areas and refused to be distracted by a multiplicity of causes. Furthermore, the personnel of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the National Urban League were generally more professionally qualified to handle the problems that they attempted to solve. The thesis is based largely upon original sources: memoirs, autobiographies of the founders of the N.A.C.W. and periodicals and newspapers published between 1890-1930.

In this research the stochastic nonlinear dynamic behaviors and probability density function of ship rolling are studied by nonlinear dynamic method and probability theory. The probability density function of rolling response is evaluated through solving the stochastic differential equations by using path integral method based on Gauss-Legendre interpolation scheme. The time-dependent probability of ship rolling restricted within the safe domain is provided and capsizing is investigated in the probability‟s view. The random differential equation of ships‟ rolling motion is established considering the nonlinear damping, nonlinear restoring moment, the white noise wave excitation, and the colored noise wave excitation. As an example, an ocean survey vessel T-AGOS is considered to sail in the seas of Pierson-Moskowitz wave spectrum. It is found that the probability decreases as time progresses and it decreases much more quickly for the high intensity of the noise. The ship will finally leave the safe domain and capsize in the probability‟s view. It is also shown the similarity of probability density contours between the case of white noise wave excitation and the case of colored noise wave excitation.

With load growth of distribution systems, it becomes very complicated for dispatchers to obtain restoration plan for unfaulted but out-of-service areas. In this thesis, a rule-based expert system with a colored Petri net (CPN) inference model is developed. The CPN models of distribution components such as four-way line switches are proposed to derive the proper switching operation plan for service restoration by applying reasoning in the CPN. After main transformer contingency has been identified and isolated, it is highly possible that the out of service customers can not be restored completely because of the shortage of capacity reserve. The feeders which serve more key customers with higher service priority will have better chance to be selected for restoration. With the system reconfiguration to cover the load change of service zones over a longer period, during the process of switching operation, the maximum load demand of out-of-service area over the restoration time is considered in the CPN. To prevent the over-unbalance tripping of distribution feeders during switching operation process, the maximum tolerable current unbalance between any two phases is also considered in the CPN model. To assure the restoration plan complying with the operation regulation, heuristic rules based on the standard operation procedures of Taipower distribution system are included in the best first search of the CPN. A Taipower distribution system with 67 feeders is selected for computer simulation in this thesis to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. It is found that the service restoration of distribution systems can be obtained very efficiently by applying the proposed CPN model.

This case study examines the National Association of' Colored Women's Clubs from 1896 to 1935 to explore the extent to which their programs and activities were shaped by the black community.. This researcher asserts that black women's organizational activity is shaped by the internal black political culture ofthe black community. This study conceptualizes black political culture as a network of black institutions, values, priorities, and politics that shape both individual and collective behavior.. The researcher found that leadership, resources, and political struggles over strategic responses to racism, within the black community, did shape the way in which black women organized collectively and carried out their programs. Finally, the findings suggest that a greater understanding of black women's activism can be gained by incorporating cultural factors into analyses of black wonlen's activism..

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No description available.

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.