Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 1985. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-65). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Auburn University, 2007. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references (ℓ. 104-128)

Flavobacterium columnare is a freshwater fish bacterium responsible for columnaris disease, the second leading cause of mortality in pond raised catfish in the southeastern United States. Pulsedield gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is a particularly powerful tool in epidemiology and is now regarded as the gold standard for molecular typing of microorganisms. We developed methods for conducting PFGE on F. columnare, and determined its efficacy for characterizing F. columnare strains isolated from different locations in the Southeastern United States. Virulence diversity was observed in two different immersion challenge experiments conducted with 16 different isolates in channel catfish fingerlings. A direct correlation was found between the PFGE clustered groups and virulence. In summary, our results suggest that two genetic divisions of F. columnare channel catfish isolates exist, one that contains strains that are “primary” pathogens of channel catfish (Group A), and another that are “secondary” or opportunistic pathogens of catfish (Group B).

Normal ranges of values for hematological parameters of bluegill gathered seasonally from three lakes were determined. Sexual, seasonal, and inter-lake variations were found. Effects of 2-wk exposure to turbidity on blood parameters included an increase in rbc size and a decrease in small lymphocytes. Effects of 3-hr exposure were increases in rbc count, hemoglobin, and pH and decreases in PG2 and large lymphocytes. The effects of 0.44 and 0.88 ppm chloramines were an increase in blood pH, a decrease in MEV, and severe spastic reactions resulting in loss of equilibrium or death in 90% of the fish. Effects of Flexibacter columnaris included an increase in transformed lymphocytes and a decrease in small lymphocytes.

Submitted by FERNANDA DA SILVA VON PORSTER (fdsvporster@univates.br) on 2018-01-05T10:46:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 2017IsaCarlaOsterkamp.pdf: 11554617 bytes, checksum: bda65966a550c26c21bf7c41d25cd250 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Lisboa Monteiro (monteiro@univates.br) on 2018-01-05T19:23:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 2017IsaCarlaOsterkamp.pdf: 11554617 bytes, checksum: bda65966a550c26c21bf7c41d25cd250 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-05T19:23:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 2017IsaCarlaOsterkamp.pdf: 11554617 bytes, checksum: bda65966a550c26c21bf7c41d25cd250 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01 / CAPES / Os vegetais são organismos sensíveis às mudanças climáticas e podem ser considerados importantes testemunhos de eventos ambientais que afetaram e continuam afetando o planeta. Quando inseridos em contexto sedimentar sob a forma de fósseis, as plantas acabam por se transformar em registros confiáveis de variações paleoambientais ocorridas enquanto viviam. Por sua vez, o carvão vegetal macroscópico é amplamente aceito como indicador de ocorrência de (paleo)incêndios vegetacionais durante o seu processo de deposição. O estudo do carvão vegetal tem permitido realizar interpretações paleoambientais, taxonômicas e tafonômicas, portanto muitos trabalhos já foram publicados sobre sua ocorrência em diferentes períodos geológicos em todo o planeta. Entretanto, os processos sobre a formação do carvão vegetal, as condições ambientais no momento de sua deposição, e principalmente as variações observadas nas suas estruturas anatômicas, tem sido alvo menos frequente de estudos. Estas alterações ainda são desconhecidas para muitos táxons modernos de relevância paleobotânica. O presente estudo analisa alterações anatômicas, durante a carbonização artificial de madeira em espécies de Araucariaceae (Araucaria angustifolia, A. bidwillii, A. columnaris e Wollemia nobilis). Os parâmetros vistos e a longa história geológica mostram o valor que as formas associadas à família Araucariaceae possuem na avaliação do clima e da geologia pretéritos, tornando seu estudo especialmente valioso para geólogos e paleobotânicos. Blocos de madeira foram submetidos ao tratamento térmico, da condição ambiente até 1000ºC, aumentando de 50-50ºC. O carvão foi analisado por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). As mensurações dos caracteres anatômicos da madeira e do carvão foram analisadas estatisticamente em 0,05 de significância. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria das características anatômicas analisadas é estatisticamente significativas correlacionadas com as temperaturas de carbonização. Grande parte dos caracteres mostrou uma acentuada redução dimensional com o aumento da temperatura. No entanto, em comparação com a variabilidade das características anatômicas, há pouca modificação ocasionada pela temperatura. Com relação ao carvão vegetal fóssil de Araucariaceae, o presente trabalho pode contribuir para inferências taxonômicas e paleoambientais. / Plants are organisms that are sensitive to climate change and can be considered important testimonies of environmental events that have affected and continue to affect the planet. When inserted in a sedimentary context in the form of fossils, the plants turn into reliable records of paleoenvironmental variations occurring while they lived. In turn, macroscopic charcoal is widely accepted as an indicator of occurrence of (paleo)wildfires during its deposition process. The study of charcoal has allowed to perform paleoenvironmental, taxonomic and taphonomic interpretations, so many works have already been published about their occurrence in different geological periods around the planet. However, the processes on charcoal formation, environmental conditions at the time of deposition, and especially the variations observed in their anatomical structures, have been less frequent targets of studies. These changes are still unknown to many modern taxa of paleobotanical relevance. The present study analyzes anatomical alterations during artificial carbonization of wood in Araucariaceae species (Araucaria angustifolia, A. bidwillii, A. columnaris and Wollemia nobilis). The parameters observed and the long geological history show the value that the forms associated to the Araucariaceae family have in the evaluation of the previous climate and geology, making their study especially valuable for geologists and paleobotanists. Wood blocks were submitted to the thermal treatment, from the ambient condition up to 1000ºC, increasing from 50-50ºC. The charcoal was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The measurements of the anatomical characters of the wood and the charcoal were statistically analyzed in 0,05 of significance. The results showed that most of the anatomical characteristics analyzed are statistically significant correlated with the carbonization temperatures. Most of the characters showed a marked dimensional reduction with increasing temperature. However, in comparison to the variability of anatomical characteristics, there is little modification caused by temperature. With regard to the fossil charcoal of Araucariaceae, the present work can contribute to taxonomic and paleoenvironmental inferences.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivos caracterizar os anéis de crescimento de árvores de A. columnaris, quanto a estrutura anatômica microscópica do lenho, a aplicação na determinação da idade, taxa de crescimento e o teor de Pb em uma seqüência de anéis de crescimento previamente datados. Visa, também, verificar o potencial da espécie no monitoramento ambiental, segundo as técnicas de dendroquímica, definida como a mensuração quanti e qualitativa dos micro e macronutrientes e de elementos traço nos anéis de crescimento das árvores, indicando mudanças retrospectivas na sua absorção e translocação. Foram selecionadas árvores de A. columnaris localizadas no "Campus Luiz de Queiroz" da ESALQ/USP, em dois sítios diferentes. O primeiro em área próxima à Avenida Centenário, caracterizado pelo intenso fluxo de veículos e constituindo-se em uma das principais vias de acesso aos bairros da cidade e às estradas estaduais. O segundo sítio localiza-se no interior do Campus da ESALQ, acerca de 150 m do primeiro sítio e em área de baixa pressão antrópica com as árvores consideradas como testemunha. Foram coletadas amostras do lenho das árvores, através de método não destrutível e feita a caracterização anatômica do lenho de acordo com as normas da AIWA e com o auxílio de um sistema de análise de imagens. Aplicou-se a densitometria de raios X para analisar as variações da densidade aparente dos anéis de crescimento das árvores. A taxa de crescimento e a idade das árvores foram determinadas por técnicas de dendrocronologia, permitindo a correspondência exata de cada anel de crescimento com os anos do calendário. Em cada sítio analisou-se com espectrômetro de absorção atômica com forno de grafite o teor de Pb nos anéis de crescimento. Os resultados obtidos com relação à dendroquímica mostraram que os teores de Pb detectados nos anéis de crescimento das árvores de A. columnaris em um período de 30 anos, embora baixos, indicam a sua ocorrência de forma cíclica no ambiente, a taxa de crescimento do tronco das árvores de A. columnaris não foi afetada pela presença de Pb nos anéis de crescimento, a metodologia de análise dos anéis de crescimento e do teor de Pb no lenho das árvores de A. columnaris mostrou-se eficiente no monitoramento ambiental através da dendroquímica. / The present work has the aim to characterize the micro anatomical features of the tree rings of the A. columnaris, determinate the age and the growth rate, analyze the lead concentration in a tree ring sequence previously dated and to verify the applicability of the this specie in the environmental monitoring using the dendrochemistry techniques. It is defined as the quantitative and qualitative measure of the micro and macronutrients and trace elements in the tree rings. It indicates retrospective changes in the uptake and translocation. These were selected trees of A. columnaris located in the "Campus Luiz de Queiroz" of the ESALQ/USP in two different sites. The first is an area near the Centenário Avenue that is characterized by the intense flux of vehicles and been one of the principal rote of access to the districts and state highways. The second site is located inside the Campus of the ESALQ, 150 m far from the first site. That is an area with low anthropogenic pressure. The trees in this site were considered to be testimonies. These were collected tree wood samples through the not destructive method. The anatomical characterizations were done considering the norms of AIWA and with the auxiliary of the images analyze system. The X ray densitometry was used to check the variations in the tree rings density. The growth rate and the age of the trees were determinate by the dendrochronology technique. It permitted an exact correspondence of the tree rings and the years in the calendar. The dated tree rings lead concentration of each site was analyzed with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The dendrochemistry results show that the Pb concentrations in the A. columnaris tree rings during the last 30 years were low and with a cyclic pattern, the growth rate was not affected by the tree rings lead concentration, the tree rings and Pb concentration methodology of analyze was adequate to by used in the environmental monitoring.

No description available.

Thesis (M.S.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Basic Sciences. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivos caracterizar os anéis de crescimento de árvores de A. columnaris, quanto a estrutura anatômica microscópica do lenho, a aplicação na determinação da idade, taxa de crescimento e o teor de Pb em uma seqüência de anéis de crescimento previamente datados. Visa, também, verificar o potencial da espécie no monitoramento ambiental, segundo as técnicas de dendroquímica, definida como a mensuração quanti e qualitativa dos micro e macronutrientes e de elementos traço nos anéis de crescimento das árvores, indicando mudanças retrospectivas na sua absorção e translocação. Foram selecionadas árvores de A. columnaris localizadas no “Campus Luiz de Queiroz” da ESALQ/USP, em dois sítios diferentes. O primeiro em área próxima à Avenida Centenário, caracterizado pelo intenso fluxo de veículos e constituindo-se em uma das principais vias de acesso aos bairros da cidade e às estradas estaduais. O segundo sítio localiza-se no interior do Campus da ESALQ, acerca de 150 m do primeiro sítio e em área de baixa pressão antrópica com as árvores consideradas como testemunha. Foram coletadas amostras do lenho das árvores, através de método não destrutível e feita a caracterização anatômica do lenho de acordo com as normas da AIWA e com o auxílio de um sistema de análise de imagens. Aplicou-se a densitometria de raios X para analisar as variações da densidade aparente dos anéis de crescimento das árvores. A taxa de crescimento e a idade das árvores foram determinadas por técnicas de dendrocronologia, permitindo a correspondência exata de cada anel de crescimento com os anos do calendário. Em cada sítio analisou-se com espectrômetro de absorção atômica com forno de grafite o teor de Pb nos anéis de crescimento. Os resultados obtidos com relação à dendroquímica mostraram que os teores de Pb detectados nos anéis de crescimento das árvores de A. columnaris em um período de 30 anos, embora baixos, indicam a sua ocorrência de forma cíclica no ambiente, a taxa de crescimento do tronco das árvores de A. columnaris não foi afetada pela presença de Pb nos anéis de crescimento, a metodologia de análise dos anéis de crescimento e do teor de Pb no lenho das árvores de A. columnaris mostrou-se eficiente no monitoramento ambiental através da dendroquímica. / The present work has the aim to characterize the micro anatomical features of the tree rings of the A. columnaris, determinate the age and the growth rate, analyze the lead concentration in a tree ring sequence previously dated and to verify the applicability of the this specie in the environmental monitoring using the dendrochemistry techniques. It is defined as the quantitative and qualitative measure of the micro and macronutrients and trace elements in the tree rings. It indicates retrospective changes in the uptake and translocation. These were selected trees of A. columnaris located in the “Campus Luiz de Queiroz” of the ESALQ/USP in two different sites. The first is an area near the Centenário Avenue that is characterized by the intense flux of vehicles and been one of the principal rote of access to the districts and state highways. The second site is located inside the Campus of the ESALQ, 150 m far from the first site. That is an area with low anthropogenic pressure. The trees in this site were considered to be testimonies. These were collected tree wood samples through the not destructive method. The anatomical characterizations were done considering the norms of AIWA and with the auxiliary of the images analyze system. The X ray densitometry was used to check the variations in the tree rings density. The growth rate and the age of the trees were determinate by the dendrochronology technique. It permitted an exact correspondence of the tree rings and the years in the calendar. The dated tree rings lead concentration of each site was analyzed with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The dendrochemistry results show that the Pb concentrations in the A. columnaris tree rings during the last 30 years were low and with a cyclic pattern, the growth rate was not affected by the tree rings lead concentration, the tree rings and Pb concentration methodology of analyze was adequate to by used in the environmental monitoring.

A Catfish Management Database (CMD) was developed to analyze data from large commercial catfish farms. The CMD was developed so that data collected by the farm could be used for management of the farm and for identifying some of the risk factors associated with important bacteria diseases. This database was designed to 1) to incorporate production data already being recorded for generating reports for use at weekly managerial meetings focused on feeding rates, feed conversion ratios, mortalities and harvesting events 2) be easily used by a catfish farmer to collect management data in order to analyze production efficiency through a series of farmer defined management reports and 3) provide the farm with easy access to management reports. Additional customized reports can be generated as requested by the farm management. The next objective of this research was to determine pond level risk factors associated with columnaris disease and Enteric Septicemia of Catfish related mortalities. The data from the CMD was used to produce two publications detailing the analysis of the data and production of a univariate and multivariate models of pond level risk factors associated with both diseases. These studies showed some commonly recorded production variables were associated with either columnaris and/or ESC associated mortalities and if monitored could help identify “at risk” ponds prior to disease outbreaks. A study was then conducted to examine the cost associated with mortality on Mississippi commercial catfish farms. The mortalities examined included ponds that had mortalities from columnaris disease, ESC and then any ponds that had mortalities from either. The cost of each disease was determined along with other factors such as pond age, feed conversion ratio and feed cost that influence the profitability of a commercial catfish farm.