L’allumage constitue une phase critique dans de nombreuses applications de combustion et plus particulièrement dans celles qui sont liées à la propulsion aéronautique et spatiale. Un des défis actuels a été de développer des simulations aux grandes échelles de ce phénomène transitoire dans des configurations réalistes comme celles trouvées dans les moteurs aéronautiques. A cet égard, le travail pionnier de Boileau et al. (2008)a indiqué que des calculs complets de ce processus pouvaient être réalisés dans des géométries complètes de chambre de combustion annulaire et que ces calculs pouvaient fournir des informations de première main sur le processus d’allumage circulaire. Il était toutefois important devoir si la simulation pouvait reproduiredes données expérimentales bien contrôlées.Ceci est accompli dans le présent travail qui utilise un dispositif expérimental nouveau désigné sous le nom de MICCA.La thèse décrit l’ensemble des données recueillies au cours d’essais systématiques sur MICCA, la méthode de calcul aux grandes échelles et sa validation dans une configuration de brûleur simplifiée, les résultats de simulations aux grandes échelles du processus d’allumage circulaire, une analyse détaillée des résultats numériques et enfin une modélisation simplifiée du processus d’allumage fondée sur des équations de bilan macroscopiques. / Ignition constitutes a critical phase in many combustion applications and specifically those related to aerospace propulsion. One of the current challenges has been to develop large eddy simulations of this transient phenomenon in realistic configurations like those found in aeroengines.In this respect, the pioneering work of Boileau et a. (2008) indicated that complete calculations of this process in a full annular combustor geometry could be carried out and that they provided first hand information on the light-round process.It was however important to see if the simulation can match well controlled experimental data. This is accomplished in the present work which uses a novel experimental device named MICCA. The thesis describes the experimental set of data,the calculation methodology and its validation in a single burner configuration,results of large eddy simulation of the full light round process, a detailed analysis of the numerical results and an attempt to build a simplified model of the process based on macroscopic balance equations.

Organic aerosols represent one of the main sources of uncertainty affecting attempts to quantify anthropogenic climate change. The diverse physical and chemical properties of organic aerosols and the varied pathways involved in their formation and aging form the basis of this uncertainty, preventing extensive and accurate representation within regional and global scale models. This inability to constrain the radiative forcings produced by organic aerosols within the atmosphere consequently acts as a limitation to the wider objective of providing reliable projections of future climate. Biomass burning constitutes one of the main anthropogenic contributions to the global atmospheric organic aerosol (OA) burden, particularly in tropical regions where the potential for perturbations to the climate system is also enhanced due to higher average levels of solar irradiance. Emissions from biomass burning have been the subject of an intense research focus in recent years, involving a combination of field campaigns and laboratory studies. These experiments have aimed to improve the limited understanding of the processes involved in the evolution of biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA) and contribute towards the development of more robust parameterisations for climate and chemical transport models. The main objective of this thesis was to use datasets acquired from several different global regions to perform a broad analysis of the BBOA fraction, with the extensive temporal and spatial scales provided by such measurements enabling investigation of a number of key uncertainties, including regional variability in emissions and the role of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in aging smoke plumes. Measurements of BBOA mass concentration obtained using Aerodyne Research Inc. Aerosol Mass Spectrometers (AMS) were used to calculate characteristic ΔOA/ΔCO ratios for different environments, accounting for the effects of dilution and contrasting fire sizes to give a proportional representation of OA production. High levels of variability in average ΔOA/ΔCO were observed both between and within different regions. The scale of this variability consistently exceeded any differences between plumes of different ages, while a widespread absence of any sustained increase in ΔOA/ΔCO with aging indicates that SOA formation does not provide a net increase in OA mass. Despite this lack of OA enhancement, increasing proportions of oxygenated OA components in aged plumes highlight the chemical transformations occurring during the evolution of BBOA, and the additional influence of OA loss through evaporation or deposition. Potential drivers of variability in ΔOA/ΔCO at source, such as changes in fuel types and combustion conditions, were investigated for controlled fires carried out within a combustion chamber. These laboratory experiments revealed a number of complex relationships between BB emissions and source conditions. Although ΔOA/ΔCO was shown to be influenced by both fuel properties and transitions between flaming and smouldering combustion phases, the extent of these effects was limited, while variability between fires exceeded levels observed for ambient measurements. These findings emphasise the complexity of the BBOA lifecycle and the need to address the extensive uncertainties associated with its various constituent processes, in order to improve understanding of eventual climate impacts from biomass burning.

For set parameters of a steam and a boiler feed water is designed a thermal and dimensional plan of the boiler, allowing high efficient requests. A boiler is used for combustion of blast furnace gas contains 10% of a natural gas used as a stabilisation element.

This diploma thesis deals constructional and calculation design of the steam boiler 60t/h of clean burning wood. For the parameters of the stoichiometric calculations are carried out and enthalpy calculations of combustion and air. The collected data is then made It a diagram of air and flue gas. The following are the calculations with the heat balance calculations of losses and determination of the boiler thermal efficiency of the boiler. It is made of the combustion chamber design and its thermal calculation. After determining the main dimensions of the combustion chamber moves continue the calculation of boiler heating surfaces. At the end of the calculations are controlling the overall energy balance. Boiler output parameters as temperature, pressure and quantity of the steam.

This diploma thesis deals with a design of steam boiler used to incineration of mixed municipal waste. Based on the specified fuel and the required output parameters of the steam from a steam boiler is calculated stoichiometry of incineration, thermal losses and overall boiler efficiency. Other chapters of thesis are focused on construction and thermal calculation of boiler moves. Finally, this thesis is to check heat balance of the boiler.

Steam boiler for wood burning 50t/h In this diploma thesis I will deal design of the steam grate boiler 50t/h of burning clean wood. For the specified parameters make a stoichiometric calculations and calculate the enthalpy of the air and combustion. I shall calculate the heat balance, losses of boiler and thermal efficiency of the boiler. The following section make a design of the combustion chamber and its thermal calculation. After determining the dimensions of the combustion chamber further continue by calculating boiler moves and heating surfaces. Finally check the overall heat balance.

The purpose of this Diploma Thesis is the construction design of the steam-boiler for the combustion of biomass – wood pellets. For the specified parameters have been defined stoichiometric calculations and calculations enthalpy burnt gas. In sequence, there is designed and solved the configuraion of the steam-boiler, so that the result design and the number of the heat-delivery surfaces can be determined, in dependence on the required inlet parametres of the air and outlet parametresof the water vapour. These parametres mean the amount, the temparature and the pressure. The aim of the thesis is to make a design of the steam.boiler burning biomass according to the set parametres. This very ecological fuel can really substitute the fossil fuel and friendly respect the environment.

This thesis deals with the construction proposal of the combustion chamber of Stirling engine. The introduction briefly describes the history and practical application of Stirlinova engine today. The following section explains the differences between theoretical and real cycle and the principle of beta Stirling engine modifications. The next section is devoted to the calculation of fuel and air consumption and fuel compared to each other. The proposed design is based not only on the calculation of fuel and air, but also heat transfer between flue gas and preheated air. The last part is devoted to calculating the flow of LPG and flow model of the combustion chamber.

This diploma thesis deals about the combustion turbine, design, processing and utilization. This work can be divided into three parts. The first part focuses on the theoretical knowledge gained in the field of gas turbines and their applications. The second part addresses the design of combustion turbine and its integral part. The third section describes the expected characteristics of combustion turbines. The work also includes the annex, which includes the technical documentation.

This thesis deals with a project of steam boiler to combustion of refused-derived fuel. With respect of required fuel and output parameters of the steam was worked out stoichiometry, energy loss and boiler efficiency, heat flows was allocate to individual heat exchange surfaces. The heat exchange surfaces was calculate and project in detail.