Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2005. / Includes bibliography.

The last 30 years have been a really exceptional time for international arbitration. The author resembles international arbitration with the SevenKingdoms of “Game of Thrones” where everything went right under the umbrella of the New York Convention.Gary Born states: “Winter is Coming” for international arbitration. The arbitration community should be prepared to defend itself from a metaphorical “armyof undead” who could demand more government control of the arbitration process in the future. In that regard, the author states that instead of beinghunted in defending arbitration, we ought to hunt a little bit. The time to stop fending off attacks and start going on the offensive against arbitration’s critics have come. / Los últimos 30 años han sido una época realmente excepcional para el arbitraje internacional. Gary Born lo asemeja a los Siete Reinos de “Juego de Tronos”, pues todo ha funcionado bien bajo el marco de la Convención de Nueva York. Sin embargo, según Gary Born: “se acerca el invierno” para el arbitraje internacional. La comunidad del arbitraje debe estar preparada para defenderse de un metafórico “ejército de muertos vivientes” que podría exigir un mayor control del gobierno sobre el arbitraje en el futuro. En ese sentido, el autor señala que en vez de ser cazados defendiendo el arbitraje, debemos cazar un poco. El momento de dejar de defenderse de los ataques y empezar a ir a la ofensiva contra los críticos del arbitraje ha llegado.

A Dissertação trata da influência da Ordem Pública na arbitrabilidade das disputas comerciais internacionais, na perspectiva brasileira. Na sua primeira parte, traçam-se as bases teóricas da noção de Ordem Pública e as suas repercussões no ordenamento brasileiro. Na segunda parte, examina-se a Convenção de Nova York de 1958 e, especialmente, o papel que a noção de Ordem Pública desempenha no seu regime. A partir daí, aborda-se a questão da arbitrabilidade e do dever dos árbitros de proferir uma sentenças exequível para se concluir que a observância da Ordem Pública é um requisito de arbitrabilidade, nos termos da Convenção de Nova York de 1958. / The thesis regards the influence of Public Policy in the arbitrability of international commercial disputes, in the Brazilian perspective. In its first part, it sets the theoretical basis of the Public Pulicy notion and its repercussion in the Brazilian legal system. In its second part, it examines the 1958 New York Convention and, especially, the role of Public Policy in the Convention’s regimen. From that point, it analyzes the issue of arbitrability and the arbitrators’ duty to render an enforceable award, to conclude that compliance with Public Policy is a requirement of arbitrability under the 1958 New York Convention.

A Dissertação trata da influência da Ordem Pública na arbitrabilidade das disputas comerciais internacionais, na perspectiva brasileira. Na sua primeira parte, traçam-se as bases teóricas da noção de Ordem Pública e as suas repercussões no ordenamento brasileiro. Na segunda parte, examina-se a Convenção de Nova York de 1958 e, especialmente, o papel que a noção de Ordem Pública desempenha no seu regime. A partir daí, aborda-se a questão da arbitrabilidade e do dever dos árbitros de proferir uma sentenças exequível para se concluir que a observância da Ordem Pública é um requisito de arbitrabilidade, nos termos da Convenção de Nova York de 1958. / The thesis regards the influence of Public Policy in the arbitrability of international commercial disputes, in the Brazilian perspective. In its first part, it sets the theoretical basis of the Public Pulicy notion and its repercussion in the Brazilian legal system. In its second part, it examines the 1958 New York Convention and, especially, the role of Public Policy in the Convention’s regimen. From that point, it analyzes the issue of arbitrability and the arbitrators’ duty to render an enforceable award, to conclude that compliance with Public Policy is a requirement of arbitrability under the 1958 New York Convention.

A Dissertação trata da influência da Ordem Pública na arbitrabilidade das disputas comerciais internacionais, na perspectiva brasileira. Na sua primeira parte, traçam-se as bases teóricas da noção de Ordem Pública e as suas repercussões no ordenamento brasileiro. Na segunda parte, examina-se a Convenção de Nova York de 1958 e, especialmente, o papel que a noção de Ordem Pública desempenha no seu regime. A partir daí, aborda-se a questão da arbitrabilidade e do dever dos árbitros de proferir uma sentenças exequível para se concluir que a observância da Ordem Pública é um requisito de arbitrabilidade, nos termos da Convenção de Nova York de 1958. / The thesis regards the influence of Public Policy in the arbitrability of international commercial disputes, in the Brazilian perspective. In its first part, it sets the theoretical basis of the Public Pulicy notion and its repercussion in the Brazilian legal system. In its second part, it examines the 1958 New York Convention and, especially, the role of Public Policy in the Convention’s regimen. From that point, it analyzes the issue of arbitrability and the arbitrators’ duty to render an enforceable award, to conclude that compliance with Public Policy is a requirement of arbitrability under the 1958 New York Convention.

v angličtině: International commercial arbitration is a type of arbitration that is on the rise. It should be in the interest of every state to provide favourable conditions for holding an international commercial arbitration on its territory. It brings not only international recognition and improves competitiveness and; the holding of an arbitration on a territory of a given states also brings new financial resources. One of the ways how to provide favourable conditions is the adoption of the UNCITRAL Model Law. Above all, it brings legal certainty and easy orientation to foreign entities that are not familiar with national arbitration laws. The adoption of the UNCITRAL Model Law by the Czech Republic would be a step towards more favourable conditions for international commercial arbitration and would bring the aforementioned advantages.

LL.M. (International Commercial Law) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

Third-party funding (TPF) has grown to be a popular phenomenon in the past two decades with a large global market (billions of USD). This success came with new complications regarding conflicts of interest that threaten the impartiality and independence of arbitrators who may have common-interests with funders. Disclosure of funding has been proposed as a solution and ordered in many cases. However, it was not always approached in systematic ways. Similar TPF cases may have inconsistent decisions. The thesis tackles disclosure in arbitrations to arrive to conclusions on whether it is needed, if all funding-information should be disclosed, and if legal-bases grant tribunals the powers to order such disclosures.  Disclosure opponents raise several objections, which are discussed in the thesis. One objection touches upon the root of many problems namely, TPF definitions. Opponents argue that available-definitions do not circumscribe many funding-models i.e., they are biased against an array of investors that should not be considered as funders. Due to the muddy waters that tribunals have been walking to decide issues on TPF-disclosure, there are inclinations to regulate disclosure. Lately, two national-legislations that include disclosure-regulations have been enforced in Hong Kong and Singapore. Few arbitral-institutions have addressed TPF disclosure (inter alia 2021 ICC Arbitration Rules). In jurisdictions and institutions without such regulations and rules, the soft-law IBA-Guidelines on Conflicts of Interest in International Arbitration have been used but with different interpretations depending on arbitrators’ views and case-circumstances. The respective definitions do not address modern economic-realities in secondary-markets of claims. This causes dilemmas in deciding if investors in such markets are considered as funders per se. The thesis assesses TPF-disclosure in international commercial arbitration and analyses its applications in primary and secondary markets. The aim is to draw the attention to disclosure challenges in both markets, propound recommendations, and show that solving such challenges calls for: (i) revising existent-definitions to accommodate evolving funding-models, (ii) differentiating between disclosure-requirements in primary and secondary markets, and (iii) regulating TPF of arbitrations. One result is a proposed definition for ‘TPF of arbitration’ that encompasses unattended issues in existent-definitions. Other results show the need for mandatory-disclosure of funders’ identities (leaving funding-arrangements to tribunals on a case-by-case basis). Such results help to strike a balance between avoiding conflicts of interests and funders’ non-disclosure interests i.e., balancing between TPF transparency and confidentiality.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2005.

This thesis examines the law on international commercial arbitration in England, Japan and Russia with a view to identify those areas for which harmonisation is of the greatest practical importance. This study is a timely one, since the Arbitration Act 1996 came into effect on 1st January 1997 in England. In Japan, the Committee of Arbitration formed by Japanese experts on arbitration prepared the Draft Text of the Law of Arbitration in 1989, and preparation for amendment based on the UNCITRAL Model Law is under way. In Russia, the Law on International Commercial Arbitration was established based on the UNCITRAL Model Law on 7th July 1993. A comparative study is made of the rules of international private law relating to arbitration, especially issues on international jurisdiction. Despite of recent development of unification of law on arbitration such as the 1958 New York Convention and the UNCITRAL Model Law, there are few rules in this area. This study goes some way towards filling this gap in the legal framework. The classification of an arbitration agreement and its influences upon international private law and law on arbitration are also considered. The issue of classification has been argued by many commentators usually to attempt to clarify the general characteristics of arbitration. However, it is the classification of an arbitration agreement that has practical significance. The classification of an arbitration agreement affects, directly or indirectly, not only the international private law but also law on arbitration. Its effects extend to the law applicable to an arbitration agreement, the law applicable to the capacity of a person to enter into an arbitration agreement, the principle of separability of an arbitration agreement, assignment of an arbitration agreement, the principle of Kompetentz-Kompetentz, and the stay of court proceedings on the basis of the existence of an arbitration agreement. Finally, this comparative study is used as a basis to put forward models for harmonisation in the interpretation of law on arbitration.