Western developed countries economies suffer for relocation of majority of production in developing countries. Technology transfer and R&D results commercialization at universities in western countries is highly important to keep and strengthen competitiveness in global environment. Technology transfer is incoming field in the Czech Republic. Though it has been rapidly developed in last several years, lot of things must be done to improve effectivity of the process. This work focuses on initial phase of technology transfer process, which is process of recognition and evaluation of technology commercial potential at Czech universities in the field of Life sciences. This work is divided in two parts. First sums international literature in the field, second contains data and results of survey made by interviews held with employees of the two Czech biggest universities and some other research institutions. Important finding were verified by other experts interviews. Czech universities pay little attention to the process of recognition and evaluation of technology commercial potential, although it is highly important to practice technology transfer effectively. Universities used to try to find an industry partner first and then they let the partner to recognize potential of the technology in the partner's point of view. Time and effort devoted by universities' technology-transfer offices (TTOs) to encouragement of technology transfer processes is affected by persistent instability of TTOs funding and pronounced intellectual property rights (IPR) education focus of TTOs. In this work we identified several challenges for future development of technology transfer in Czech universities. Among others, it is the introduction of effective recognition and evaluation system to validate the new technology commercial potential, build up a sufficient large formal and informal networking, gaining of experience in setting up spin-off companies, or shift to market orientation of TTOs.

Purpose - In the pursuit of renewable energy sources, solar photovoltaic (PV) is predicted to become the single biggest global source of energy by the year of 2027, part of a trilemma involving climate change, biodiversity and food security. Agrivoltaic (AV) systems, the co-location and potential symbiosis between agricultural activities and solar PV, has thereby arisen as a potential solution for dual land-use. The research within this area is novel, and scholars agree that there is a need for the conceptualization of utility-scale AV in general, and the commercialization process of such systems in particular. Thereby, the purpose of this study is to unravel the key factors, activities and stakeholder involvement in order to assess the commercial potential of utility-scale AV. By addressing research questions: RQ1. What are the key factors for assessing the commercial potential of utility-scale AV?, RQ2. Which activities are essential to address these factors? and RQ3. Who are the key stakeholders that need to be involved in these activities?, a contingency framework for the assessment process has been developed. Method - In order to fulfill the purpose of this study utility-scale AV was approached as a Technology Innovation System (TIS) where the solar energy actor Sunna Group AB (Sunna) enabled insight to the potential industry context of utility-scale AV. Respondents were sampled within the TIS, forming the prerequisites for this multiple case study. Empirical data were collected in three phases: 1) Exploratory, 2) Semi-structured and 3) Final workshop, resulting in 3 workshops and 17 interviews, analyzed by a thematic analysis.  Findings - The thematic analysis resulted in four main themes: 1) Socio-political factors, 2) Techno-economical factors, 3) Meso activities for commercialization and 4) Macro activities for commercialization, under which seven key factors, six overarching activities and the stakeholder involvement in these activities, were revealed. These further formed a contingency framework providing an overview of how these building blocks are interlinked.  Theoretical & practical implications - The resulting framework provides an overview and synthesizes the commercialization of utility-scale AV, bridging the gap between stakeholder involvement and the key factors for assessing the commercial potential. The practical implications of this study primarily involve the solar energy sector, yet deemed to be of value to all potential stakeholders within the ecosystem of AV. Limitations & future research - The limitations of this study includes the potential exclusion of stakeholders within the data collection process due to the complex stakeholder configuration of AV, as well as the geographical constraints limiting this study to the context of Sweden. Future research is encouraged within several fields of this novel research area, predominantly including stakeholder involvement, business model configuration and how to mobilize the synergy sought in technology development between the solar energy- and agricultural sector.

Sveriges meteorologiska förhållanden genererar kalla och mörka perioder under stora delar av året. Utifrån dessa naturliga årstidsväxlingar finns ett behov för svenska städer att i större utsträckning än vad som görs i dagsläget anpassa stadsplaneringen efter samtliga väderförutsättningar som råder. Detta för att skapa aktiva utemiljöer och en levande stad för invånarna att använda och åtnjuta året om.Studien syftar till att ge läsaren en övergripande bild över hur vistelse i offentliga utemiljöer kan bidra till att främja Malmö som en aktiv och attraktiv stad året om och oberoende av säsong eller väderförhållanden. Ett tydligt resultat från studien visar att det finns både intresse och en önskan hos Malmös stadsplanerare att öka aktiviteten och attraktiviteten i staden året om också under mindre tilltalande väderförhållanden. Den bakomliggande idén som uttryckts är att medborgarna ska kunna ta tillvara på stadens fulla potential oavsett årstid och genom detta bidra till en socialt hållbar stadsutveckling. Två huvudsakliga uppfattningar om åtgärder kan identifieras hos Malmös stadsplanerare och forskare i stadsplanering för att få till ett ökat folkliv i staden året om. Det första är en uppfattning som handlar om fysiska förändringar av utemiljön så som evenemang, arrangemang, aktiviteter, installationer samt sammanlänkande stråk. Den andra uppfattningen handlar om att ändra invånarnas beteende och attityd kopplat till utomhusvistelse.Som en följd av det intresse och behov som har identifierats hos studiens informanter vad gäller att öka kunskapen om stadsplanering och ökad utomhusvistelse året om, har studien resulterat i en konkret företagsidé, Smart Seasonal Solutions. Smart Seasonal Solutions syftar till att bidra med kunskap till framtida stadsplanering för att främja och öka utomhusvistelse och ett aktivt stadsliv året runt. / Swedish meteorological conditions generate a changing climate throughout the year, including rather long, cold and dark periods. There is a great potential for Swedish cities to adapt this aspect in urban planning to a wider extent than what is currently being done. By doing so, the cities will become more attractive to their citizens in terms of being able to enjoy active outdoor spaces all year around.This report aims to give the reader an overall view and understanding of how public outdoor spaces better can be used throughout the year in Malmö to foster and encourage outdoor activity in the city regardless of weather or seasonal conditions. This is to allow citizens to take advantage from the city's full potential and to contribute to a socially sustainable urban development. A clear scope of the study is that there is both a will and an interest by city planners in Malmö to increase the activity and attractiveness of the city all year around. Conclusions to be drawn are that two main approaches can be identified by Malmö's city planners to increase a richer city life all year round. The first approach constitutes by physical and concrete elements, such as events, activities, installations and interconnecting pathways. The second approach is more about changes in attitude and behavior linked to outdoor stay.The interest and need to fill the knowledge gap that the research report is aiming to do, this theoretical study has resulted in a concrete business proposal, Smart Seasonal Solutions. Smart Seasonal Solutions aims to contribute with knowledge for future urban planning to increase outdoor activity and city life all year around.