This study was carried out to determine the characteristics of common carp surimi. In Australia, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is an environmental pest, strongly coloured (dark-muscle fish), large (2-3 kg), low cost (AUD 2.5/kg) and not highly valued as it is every where else. Surimi could add value to carp, but the colour would have to be modified as surimi manufacturers prefer white coloured flesh. So, firstly the efficiency of Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; 1-3% v/v) solution at alkaline side of pH (7.0-11.5) on whitening of light fillets of common carp was examined. The whiteness (L*-3b*) of surimi produced from treated (3% H2O2, pH 8.2) common carp light fillets was significantly (p less than 0.05) greater than that of threadfin bream surimi and was not significantly different to that of Alaska pollock. Based on a temperature sweep test, a similar pattern in G of tested surimi was observed which started at ca. 47?C and was completed at ca. 73-74?C. However, thread fin bream kamaboko showed better texture profile characteristics (hardness and gel strength) than that of the other kamaboko tested. To improve the quality of common carp surimi and kamaboko, alternative methods were applied such as modified conventional method (MCM), alkaline-aided method (AAM) and pH modified method (PMM) and the resultant surimi and kamaboko were compared with those produced by the traditional method (TM). In MCM each washing cycle was followed by a centrifugation step for a more effective dewatering and removal of sarcoplasmic proteins (Sp-P). Kamaboko prepared from MCM was whiter and had significantly (p less than 0.05) improved textural characteristics (hardness and gel strength) than that from TM, AAM and PMM. Furthermore, SEM of surimi and kamaboko showed higher number of polygonal structure/mm2 in the gel matrix of MCM kamaboko, as a result of more cross-linking of the myofibrillar proteins, than that recorded for TM, AAM and PMM samples tested. Finally, this study examined the effect of adding common carp sarcoplasmic proteins (Sp-P) on the gel characteristics of threadfin bream surimi and kamaboko. Based on the temperature sweep test, the depths of the valley in the G thermograph of the gels decreased as the concentration of added Sp-P increased from 5% to 35%. Storage modulus (G) of the gels showed greater elasticity in the samples with added Sp-P compared with the control samples without added Sp-P. Furthermore, the breaking force and breaking distance and consequently gel strength of the resultant kamaboko were improved, significantly (p less than 0.05) with added Sp-P. Thus, added Sp-P did not interfere with the gelling of myofibrillar proteins during sol-gel transition phase and was associated with textural quality enhancement for the resultant kamaboko. However, the addition of freeze-dried Sp-P from the dark muscle of the carp decreased the whiteness of the resultant surimi. Furthermore, the gel strength could not be associated with either the number of polygonal structures/mm2 or the area of the polygonal structures.

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) have been hypothesized to contribute to declines in aquatic macrophytes, waterfowl, and water clarity in Delta Marsh, an 18,500 ha freshwater coastal wetland on Lake Manitoba, Canada. Ten ponds (1-13 ha) were chosen for a two-year experimental manipulation study. Following a year of baseline monitoring, manipulations were conducted in 2002. To facilitate access by carp into isolated ponds, channels were blasted from the main marsh into two ponds. Meanwhile, to restrict or exclude carp access into ponds, channels were either screened or diked to four ponds. Two connected and two isolated ponds functioned as controls. Although common carp were the original subject of the study, it became apparent that hydrological connection to the surrounding marsh had a paramount importance on the abundance and diversity of the fish, amphibian and water-column invertebrate communities. Connectivity, or lack of connectivity, played an important role in the distribution of the fish community, and subsequently the composition and abundance of water-column invertebrates and amphibians. Ponds with direct connection had diverse, mixed-species fish assemblages, with fewer invertebrates and amphibians. Ponds with restricted connections had fish communities composed of tolerant small-sized species and increased abundance of invertebrates and amphibians. Ponds that lacked connection could freeze and lose all fish, and had higher numbers of invertebrates and amphibians. An absence of adult common carp may have been responsible for increased amphibian numbers in the screened ponds, however more study is needed. Confounding impacts of fluctuating water levels made it impossible to implicate common carp for most changes observed within ponds in Delta Marsh. / May 2006

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) have been hypothesized to contribute to declines in aquatic macrophytes, waterfowl, and water clarity in Delta Marsh, an 18,500 ha freshwater coastal wetland on Lake Manitoba, Canada. Ten ponds (1-13 ha) were chosen for a two-year experimental manipulation study. Following a year of baseline monitoring, manipulations were conducted in 2002. To facilitate access by carp into isolated ponds, channels were blasted from the main marsh into two ponds. Meanwhile, to restrict or exclude carp access into ponds, channels were either screened or diked to four ponds. Two connected and two isolated ponds functioned as controls. Although common carp were the original subject of the study, it became apparent that hydrological connection to the surrounding marsh had a paramount importance on the abundance and diversity of the fish, amphibian and water-column invertebrate communities. Connectivity, or lack of connectivity, played an important role in the distribution of the fish community, and subsequently the composition and abundance of water-column invertebrates and amphibians. Ponds with direct connection had diverse, mixed-species fish assemblages, with fewer invertebrates and amphibians. Ponds with restricted connections had fish communities composed of tolerant small-sized species and increased abundance of invertebrates and amphibians. Ponds that lacked connection could freeze and lose all fish, and had higher numbers of invertebrates and amphibians. An absence of adult common carp may have been responsible for increased amphibian numbers in the screened ponds, however more study is needed. Confounding impacts of fluctuating water levels made it impossible to implicate common carp for most changes observed within ponds in Delta Marsh.

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) have been hypothesized to contribute to declines in aquatic macrophytes, waterfowl, and water clarity in Delta Marsh, an 18,500 ha freshwater coastal wetland on Lake Manitoba, Canada. Ten ponds (1-13 ha) were chosen for a two-year experimental manipulation study. Following a year of baseline monitoring, manipulations were conducted in 2002. To facilitate access by carp into isolated ponds, channels were blasted from the main marsh into two ponds. Meanwhile, to restrict or exclude carp access into ponds, channels were either screened or diked to four ponds. Two connected and two isolated ponds functioned as controls. Although common carp were the original subject of the study, it became apparent that hydrological connection to the surrounding marsh had a paramount importance on the abundance and diversity of the fish, amphibian and water-column invertebrate communities. Connectivity, or lack of connectivity, played an important role in the distribution of the fish community, and subsequently the composition and abundance of water-column invertebrates and amphibians. Ponds with direct connection had diverse, mixed-species fish assemblages, with fewer invertebrates and amphibians. Ponds with restricted connections had fish communities composed of tolerant small-sized species and increased abundance of invertebrates and amphibians. Ponds that lacked connection could freeze and lose all fish, and had higher numbers of invertebrates and amphibians. An absence of adult common carp may have been responsible for increased amphibian numbers in the screened ponds, however more study is needed. Confounding impacts of fluctuating water levels made it impossible to implicate common carp for most changes observed within ponds in Delta Marsh.

The aim of this study was to examine the production efficiency of processed triticale and compared to unmodified triticale during 135 day feeding experiment on ponds in the system Naděj. Dosing of feed, feeding technique and condition of the market carp in experimental ponds, the quality and quantity of natural food were observed. At the end of the experiment the main production indicators were evaluated and data were statistically evaluated. Higher production efficiency of mechanical and thermally processed cereals was not proved. The highest production efficiency was observed in variant with triticale supplementary feeding without processing (FCR ? 1.4; SGR ? 0.97 %.d-1; PER ? 6.74) and in variant with thermally processed triticale (FCR ? 1.63; SGR ? 0.88 %.d-1; PER ? 5.79). The lowest effective production was reached using grinded triticale (FCR ? 1.68; SGR ? 0.86 %.d-1; PER ? 5.62). Results were affected by different levels of quantity of zooplankton in the monitored ponds.

In the present study, we examined several cryoextenders previously used by several authors and various freezing protocols to determine the relative importance of each parameter on sperm freezing. The effects of controlled seeding and changes in cooling rate at different stages of freezing were also examined. Sperm samples from seven individual carp males were frozen in 0.5 ml straws by conventional freezing. Cooling rates were determined by monitoring the sample's internal temperature. We compared four freezing protocols, which involved placing sperm samples at various levels (1, 3, 6, and 9 cm) above the liquid nitrogen (LN) surface (corresponding to -190, -150, -110, and -70 °C, respectively) for 20 min followed by transferring the samples into LN. Freezing at 3 cm above the LN surface resulted in the highest motility (33 ? 8 %) and velocity (118 ? 9 ?m/s) of spermatozoa after thawing and diluting in swimming medium. We determined that -90 °C is an optimal temperature at which immersing the samples in LN does not affect sperm motility after thawing. The sperm motility of samples immersed in LN before or immediately after the crystallisation point (-16 °C) was 0 %. Motility of spermatozoa cryopreserved with or without a seeding procedure was not significantly different after thawing. Therefore, we hypothesise that supercooling the sample during the conventional freezing procedure is not the main damaging factor during carp spermatozoa cryopreservation.

The aim of this study was based on laboratory analysis of each parameter, an assessment of livestock interventions, current methods and techniques used in fishing enterprises. Experiments carried out on the market carp in ponds in the system Naděj and the hatcheries under the pond Svět where it was used mechanically and cooked cereals. After processing the fish fillets was done by measuring muscle textural profile. The highest average value of the hardness of the fish ponds was measured in control samples (25,008 ? 3,507 kg). Followed by samples of fish that were unprepared food whatsoever triticale (19,530 ? 2,842 kg). Fish feeding whole triticale heat-treated at 100 ° C (9,990 ? 1,506 kg) and heat-treated triticale mashed at 100 ° C (10,031 ? 1,696 kg) showed similar values of stiffness. The highest average value of the hardness of fish hatcheries was measured in samples of fish that were food whatsoever (20,420 ? 1,456 kg). In addition, followed in descending order of fish samples, which posed a triticale cooked at 100 ° C (11,198 ? 3,334 kg) of wheat at 100 ° C (10,286 ? 1,234 kg), barley at 100 ° C (8,564 ? 1,532 kg), and rye at 100 ° C (7,519 ? 1,993 kg).

The aim of my thesis was to verify the technology of rearing common carp (Cyprinius carpio) with increased levels of omega 3 fatty acids. The technology was tested in 2010 and 2011. A mixture of KP Len and cereal was used for the experiment in 2010. In 2011, the fish were divided into three groups The first group was fed a mixture of KP Len, the second a type of cereal, and the third was kept on natural feed. The technology was carried out under the conditions of the Czech fishery industry. During the entire growing period the course of growth was monitored as part of the framework of regular checks and the parameters of the quality of water was measured. The main descriptive characteristics was the fat content and composition of fatty acids. The combination of KP Len achieved a significantly higher content of PUFA than the group of fish receiving cereals in 2010 and in 2011. When comparing groups of fish fed a mixture of KP Len and those fed natural feed in 2011, no statistically significant differences in PUFA were detected. In 2010 the fish fed a mixture of KP Len reached the highest content of EPA and DHA. On the contrary, in 2011 the significantly highest content was detected in the muscle of fish kept on natural feed.

Cryopreservation and transplantation of germ cells in fish provides a suitable tool for preserving genetic information. By method of surrogate reproduction, the offspring with characters of the chosen donor can be obtained. In this case of our commercially important species common carp. However, for the successful cryopreservation of the germ cells, a suitable protocol for each species must be established. Several cryoprotectants were tested. The best of them, Me2SO, regarding the viability of spermatogonia, was tested for its different concentrations depending also on the rate of freezing. Further testing, related to the effect of tissue size, incubation time and added sugar, was performed. The result of the assay identified best cryomedium composed of 2.5M dimethylsulfoxide, added sugar of 0.3M glucose, 1.5% BSA and 25nM Hepes dissolved in PBS. The most suitable size of tissue was 100 mg, incubation time was 30 min and coolig rate was -1 ° C/min. This protocol ensures the highest viability rate of cryopreserved spermatogonia of common carp. The second part of the work was to verify the success of the transplantation of cryopreserved and fresh spermatogonia into a suitably chosen recipient, the goldfish, which shares similar reproductive characteristics with carp, but also offers reduction of space requirements or resistance to koi-herpes virus. The transplanted germ cells colonized the germ line and started gametogenesis in 42.5% (cryopreserved spermatogonia) and 52.5% (fresh spermatogonia) goldfish recipients, which demonstrated that the transplantation of cryopreserved spermatogonia of common carp can be successfully achieved.

Submitted by Deyse Queiroz (deysequeirozz@hotmail.com) on 2018-05-23T14:25:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LEONARDO DA SILVA ARAÚJO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2015..pdf: 591080 bytes, checksum: dde6ef5013fd4cf765a80f6b6ba9c760 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-23T14:25:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LEONARDO DA SILVA ARAÚJO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2015..pdf: 591080 bytes, checksum: dde6ef5013fd4cf765a80f6b6ba9c760 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / A piscicultura é uma atividade desenvolvida no mundo há bastante tempo, na América do Sul o primeiro país a introduzir a piscicultura foi à Argentina, importando, em 1870, os primeiros reprodutores de Carpa comum (Cyprinus carpio) e Carpa Espelho (Cyprinus Carpic). Mais tarde foi introduzida, na região de Bariloche, a Truta arco-íris (Salmo irideus). Objetivou-se com este trabalho fazer um estudo sobre a sustentabilidade da piscicultura no município de Coremas PB. A metodologia utilizada foi através da aplicação de questionários semi estruturados aplicados diretamente com os piscicultores, foram aplicados 30 questionários. Para calcular a sustentabilidade da atividade foram calculados os índices Social Econômico, Tecnológico e Ambiental que foram compor o índice de Sustentabilidade da atividade. O índice social foi de 0,6387, o índice econômico foi de 0,7480, o índice tecnológico de 0,5623, o índice ambiental foi de 0,4733 e por fim o índice de sustentabilidade foi de 0,6053. O índice que mais contribuiu para compor a sustentabilidade foi o econômico, porem, todos os índices se encontram dentro do nível médio de sustentabilidade. Isso significa que a atividade piscicola desenvolvida no município de Coremas PB, necessita de mudanças no sentido de melhorar todos os índices apresentados na pesquisa a fim de alcançar a sustentabilidade tão almejada pelos que praticam essa atividade. / - Fish farming is an activity developed in the world for a long time in South America, the first country to introduce fish farming was Argentina, importing in 1870, the first common carp breeding (Cyprinus carpio) and Mirror Carp (Cyprinus Carpic). It was later introduced in the region of Bariloche, the rainbow trout (Salmo irideus). The objective of this work was to study the sustainability of fish farming in the municipality of Coremas PB. The methodology used was by applying semi-structured questionnaires directly with fish farmers, were applied 30 questionnaires. To calculate the sustainability of the Economic Social activity indices were calculated. Technological and Environmental Sustainability that were composing the index of activity. The social rate was 0.6387, the economic rate was 0.7480, the technological index of 0.5623, the environmental index was 0.4733 and finally the sustainability index was 0.6053. The index that most contributed to compose sustainability was economic; however, all indices are within the average level of sustainability. This means that the piscicola activity developed in the city of Coremas PB, needs changes to improve all indices presented in the survey in order to achieve sustainability as desired by practicing this activity.