Weight-gain and physical inactivity in pregnancy have important implications for First Nations and Métis women, populations that experience a disproportionate burden of poor health outcomes in pregnancy. Utilizing a postcolonial feminist theoretical lens in conjunction with a social determinants of health framework and tenets of cultural safety, the purpose of my doctoral research, which was written in the publishable paper format, was to address four questions: a) Are First Nations women marginalized through current physical activity pregnancy guidelines?; b) How do pregnant First Nations and Métis women understand weight-gain and physical activity during pregnancy?; c) What are the factors that influence excessive weight-gain during pregnancy in urban First Nations and Métis women?; and d) How can obesity prevention programs with pregnant First Nations and Métis women who live in urban centres be reflective of and sensitive to their cultural practices? To answer these questions, I conducted community-based qualitative research, which included 15 semi-structured interviews with key informants who are health/service providers for Aboriginal women in Ottawa and focus groups and semi-structured interviews with 25 pregnant/postpartum First Nations and Métis women. I also conducted two focus groups with both health/service providers and pregnant/postpartum women to determine what type of resource would benefit pregnant, urban First Nations and Métis women. Ultimately, I used this information to develop this resource. My research results revealed a complex interaction between the social determinants of health underlined by current manifestations of colonialism, which impact urban First Nations and Métis women’s physical activity and weight-gain during pregnancy. These findings emphasize the need for culturally safe physical activity and weight-gain resources for First Nations and Métis women during pregnancy. Ultimately, this study identified the importance of community consultation to develop culturally safe, community-driven, and useful health interventions for urban, pregnant First Nations and Métis women.

Many public health and social issues faced by society today are multifaceted and require joint and collaborative efforts through health promotion partnerships. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is one strategy that consists of engaging community stakeholders from various sectors to pool their expertise and resources in addressing health and social issues holistically. The literature indicates that the effectiveness of partnerships, such as those established within CBPR initiatives, is influenced by collaborative mechanisms that promote the creation of synergy among partners. There is, however, a lack of knowledge with regards to synergy and its key determinants in the context of health promotion partnerships. This qualitative thesis study is conducted as part of The EnRiCH Project, a CBPR initiative conducted in four communities across Canada, which aims at enhancing resilience and preparedness for disasters among high-risk populations. It explores the creation of synergy through the study of dynamics of collaboration shaping the EnRiCH-Québec City partnership and influencing its ability to leverage community resources for emergency preparedness. Emergent themes highlight that optimal collaboration in the EnRiCH-Québec City partnership is about having the “right people, in the right place, at the right time”. These findings provide evidence to inform community stakeholders, researchers and decision-makers on the dynamics of synergy creation and its implications for partnership growth and effectiveness.

Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS) / South Africa is a regional hub for international immigration and the main destination for many African descent, a home of high number of refugees ad asylum seekers across African continent. The refugees and asylum seekers communities in South Africa are settled and melting into the city life with the host communities.

Obesity is one of the largest health problems our nation currently faces. There are many contributing factors to the development of obesity, including genetics, lifestyle, diet, social and economic status, and lack of education or resources. In the rural East Tennessee community of Johnson County, lack of exercise has been identified as a major contributor to obesity. In addition, community members have expressed concern of a lack of knowledge of public places to exercise, such as walking paths and hiking trails. Previous research has shown that access to educational materials, such as informational brochures and maps, can increase knowledge of exercise locations. Our hypothesis, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, is that creating and placing brochures in various locations throughout the community will normalize and encourage the use of these locations to increase exercise and ultimately improve the health of the community. An initial survey was sent to community members via email to determine what content should be included in the brochure. In conjunction with the Johnson County Health Council, a list of all walking paths and trails in the county was compiled. Each location was then visited to take note of the amenities available, the difficulty and the length of each path, and the hours available to the public. This information was then formatted into easy-to-read bullet points and grouped by geographic region in the county and a cartoon map developed. The completed brochure was then evaluated for effectiveness at increasing awareness of local paths and trails. Participants at a local doctor’s office were asked to complete a four question pre-survey assessing their current knowledge of walking paths and trails. The brochure was then given to the participants and sufficient time allowed to look through it. Participants completed an eight question post-survey which assessed any change in knowledge which occurred as a result of the brochure. The study was reviewed and approved by the ETSU Institutional Review Board. Preliminary results (n=6) show that the brochure is effective at increasing awareness and participants are more likely to visit one of the listed trails in the next month as a result. Further data collection is currently underway. By using a community based participatory approach, the specific needs of the community could be addressed. One drawback of this study is that it does not assess actual changes in trail usage or physical activity. However, it is hoped that the creation of this brochure and its use in the Johnson County community will lead to a more active community and will inspire future health initiatives.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13302号 / 論医博第2191号 / 新制||医||1040(附属図書館) / (主査)教授 福原 俊一, 教授 湊谷 謙司, 教授 松村 由美 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Obesity is an increasing problem in the United States with 17% of youth currently classified as obese and an even higher prevalence of obesity among disadvantaged populations. The food environment may be contributing to these high rates as there has been a well documented association among increased away from home food consumption and excess adiposity, as well as evidence to support that children\'s diets are composed of a large portion of restaurant foods. The main purpose of this study is to describe the quality of restaurant food offered to children in a rural health disparate region. Two trained research assistants conducted systematic audits of all food outlets offering a children\'s menu in the Dan River region using the Children\'s Menu Assessment (CMA) tool. A composite score for each outlet for was calculated from the 29 scored items on the CMA. The total sample consisted of 137 outlets with CMA scores ranging from -4 to 9 with a mean score of 1.6+2.7. Scores were lowest in the predominantly Black block groups (0.2+0.4) when compared to the predominately White block groups (1.4+1.6) and Mixed block groups (2.6+2.4) with significantly lower scores in the predominantly Black block group than the Mixed block groups (F=4.3; p<0.05). The results of this study reveal a lack of few healthy food options available for children in this region. These findings have the potential to contribute to public health efforts in developing public policy changes or environmental interventions for the children\'s food environment in the Dan River Region. / Master of Science

No description available.

The Frog Bay site (47BA60) has been excavated for three field seasons. Excavations in 1979 located the site and continued in 2018 – 2019 by the Geté Anishinaabe Izhichigéwin community archaeological field school. This program commenced from a sovereignty initiative surrounding the creation of the Frog Bay Tribal National Park directed by the Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa. Within the park, the Frog Bay site represents a multicomponent shorebased camp that was occupied numerous times during the Archaic and Woodland stages (ca. 3000 BC – AD 900). Structured through a community-based Indigenous theoretical framework, lithic analysis and community input are used to research long-term practices of mobility, land use, and place-making associated with the Frog Bay site. These methods offer a “braided interpretation” of the activities and occupation trends at Frog Bay and explore the intrinsic value that the site continues to hold for the present-day Red Cliff community.

博士（経済学） / x, 171 p. / Hitotsubashi University

This study examines the existing policy and planning frameworks in relation to tourism and local development in Namibia and the level of integration for the respective rural communities. The focus is on the Torra Conservancy in the north-western part of Namibia. The specific objectives are to assess the relative degree to which the local communities have had control in the community-based tourism (CBT) through the community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) programme in terms of rights, empowerment and economic benefits. The study involves a retrospective review of literature on integrative tourism and rural local development and through a survey of key community based tourism (CBT) actors in Bergsig and in Windhoek, Namibia. This study is mainly based on quantitative approach. In addition, thematic interviews were used, where possible, to understand and deepen the views expressed in the survey results. Respondents representing the three main clusters of the tourism industry; government, private sector and the host local communities were examined on their interpretation of the current development of the tourism industry in Namibia. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and factor analysis indicated statistical significant differences between different groups. The research findings revealed that the extent to which local communities participate in the tourism development process depends on the idealistic, and perhaps to some degree unrealistic, expectations, of community-based tourism in the national tourism policy spectrum. Since community perceptions match what is on the ground from development, problems are socially real and necessitated a viable solution for amelioration. Implications are discussed for building a more integrative policy approach that could help guide research, planning, development and evaluation of community-based tourism projects. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / tm2015 / Tourism Management / PhD / Unrestricted