Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-04-11T19:34:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LucasRicardoFernandesFigueiredo_TESE.pdf: 6637394 bytes, checksum: 61ae8caa80c576775c523ad68f0527cc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-04-12T22:55:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LucasRicardoFernandesFigueiredo_TESE.pdf: 6637394 bytes, checksum: 61ae8caa80c576775c523ad68f0527cc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-12T22:55:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LucasRicardoFernandesFigueiredo_TESE.pdf: 6637394 bytes, checksum: 61ae8caa80c576775c523ad68f0527cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-13 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / ?Adesivos verdes? t?m despertado grande interesse cient?fico e tecnol?gico como alternativa aos produtos comerciais convencionais, que em geral, liberam subst?ncias t?xicas e levam um longo per?odo de tempo para degradar. Entretanto, as propriedades mec?nicas limitadas e a r?pida degrada??o de alguns pol?meros biodegrad?veis limitam seu uso na maioria das aplica??es pr?ticas. No presente trabalho, comp?sitos foram preparados usando pol?meros biodegrad?veis e nanowhiskers de celulose (NWC) visando sua utiliza??o como adesivos para madeira. O objetivo da pesquisa foi estudar o efeito da adi??o dos nanowhiskers de celulose (NWC) nas propriedades mec?nicas e na degrada??o dos pol?meros. Os pol?meros biodegrad?veis sintetizados por policondensa??o ? base de glicerol e ?cidos foram poli (adipato de glicerol) - PGA, poli (maleato de glicerol) - PGM, poli (citrato de glicerol) - PGC, poli (ftalato de glicerol) - PGPh, poli (succinato de glicerol) PGSu e poli (sebacato de glicerol) - PGS. Al?m desses, copol?meros poli (glicerol succinato-co-maleato) - PGMSu, poli (glicerol succinato-co-adipato) - PGASu e poli (glicerol adipato-co-maleato) - PGMA foram tamb?m sintetizados. Nanowhiskers de celulose (NWC) foram adicionados aos pol?meros para avalia??o dos seus efeitos na melhoria das propriedades mec?nicas e no controle da taxa de degrada??o. Os materiais foram produzidos com a adi??o de 0, 5, 10 e 20% em peso de NWC. Os pol?meros puros e os comp?sitos foram analisados por Calorimetria Diferencial de Varredura (DSC), An?lise termogravim?trica (TGA), difra??o de Raios X (DRX) e espectroscopia Infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR). Juntas adesivas foram produzidas em corpos de prova de pinus (Pinus elliottii) e angelim (Vatairea heteroptera Ducke) e submetidas a degrada??o por envelhecimento acelerado e testes de cisalhamento sob tra??o. Juntas coladas produzidas com adesivos ? base de acetato de polivinila - PVAc e cianoacrilato foram tamb?m testadas, nas mesmas condi??es, para fins de compara??o. As an?lises t?rmicas indicaram que a maioria dos pol?meros biodegrad?veis ? base de glicerol testados s?o est?veis at? aproximadamente 260?C e a adi??o de NWC aumentou a estabilidade t?rmica (Tonset) de alguns pol?meros em 26?C at? 48?C, enquanto outros n?o foram afetados. As an?lises de superf?cie de fratura por microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV) ap?s os testes de cisalhamento sugerem redu??o de ductilidade com a incorpora??o de NWC ao adesivo. As medidas de ades?o indicaram que os adesivos verdes desenvolvidos a partir de pol?meros de glicerol com 10 e 20% em peso de NWC apresentaram resist?ncia ao cisalhamento superior ao adesivo comercial ? base de PVAc. Os melhores resultados e resist?ncia ao cisalhamento foram obtidos para PGASu com 20% em peso de NWC (2,57 ? 0,36 MPa) e PGM com 20% em peso de NWC (2,33 ? 0,43 MPa), enquanto que a resist?ncia ao cisalhamento do acetato de polivinila - PVAc foi de 1,58 ? 0,18 MPa. O envelhecimento resultou em maior resist?ncia ao cisalhamento de alguns adesivos. A melhoria mais significativa foi obtida para PGMA com 20% em peso de NWC, que atingiu (3,89 ? 0,74 MPa) ap?s 250 h de envelhecimento, portanto, maior que a resist?ncia ao cisalhamento do cianoacrilato (3,12 ? 0,53 MPa). Em ?ltima an?lise, os resultados apresentados neste trabalho sugerem que a adi??o de nanowhiskers de celulose (NWC) ? uma abordagem vi?vel para ajustar as propriedades mec?nicas e degrada??o dos pol?meros biodegrad?veis. / ?Green adhesives? are of great scientific and technological interest as an alternative to conventional commercial products, which often release toxic substances and take long time to degrade. However, the poor mechanical properties and fast degradation of some biodegradable polymers limit their use in most practical applications. In the present work, novel biodegradable composites were prepared using biodegradable polymers and cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) for their use as wood adhesives. The goal of the investigation was to study the effect of the addition of CNW on the mechanical properties and degradation of the polymers. The biodegradable polymers synthesized by polycondensation based on glycerol and acids were poly(glycerol adipate) - PGA, poly(glycerol maleate) - PGM, poly(glycerol citrate) - PGC, poly(glycerol phthalate) - PGPh, poly(glycerol succinate) - PGSu and poly(glycerol sebacate) - PGS. In addition, the copolymers synthesized were poly(glycerol succinate-co-maleate) - PGMSu, poly(glycerol succinate-co-adipate) ? PGASu and poly(glycerol adipate-co-maleate) ? PGMA. Cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) were added to the polymers as an approach for improving the mechanical properties and controlling the degradation rate. Composites were produced with the addition of 0, 5, 10 and 20 wt.% of CNW. The neat polymers and composites were analyzed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Adhesively bonded joints were produced in test specimens of slash pine (Pinus elliottii) and angelim (Vatairea heteroptera Ducke) and subjected to accelerated aging and tested under shear by tensile loading. Bonded joints produced with polyvinyl acetate - PVAc and cyanoacrylate based adhesives were also tested under the same conditions for comparison purposes. Thermal analyses indicated that most of the biodegradable glycerol-based polymers tested are stable up to about 260?C and the addition of CNW increased the thermal stability (Tonset) of some polymers by 26?C up to 48?C, while others were not affected. Analyses of the fracture surfaces after the shear tests by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) suggest less ductile fracture with the incorporation of CNW to the adhesive. The shear strengths of the green adhesives developed from glycerol with 10 and 20 wt.% CNW were greater than that of the commercial PVAc based adhesive. The best results of shear strengths were obtained for PGASu 20 wt.% CNW (2.57 ? 0.36 MPa) and PGM 20 wt.% CNW (2.33? 0.43 MPa), while the shear strength for polyvinyl acetate - PVAc was 1.58 ? 0.18 MPa. Aging improved the shear strength of some adhesives. The best result was obtained for PGMA 20 wt.% CNW, which reached (3.89 ? 0.74 MPa) after 250h of aging, thus greater than the shear strength of cyanoacrylate (3.12 ? 0.53 MPa). Ultimately, the results presented in this work suggest that the addition of cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) is a viable approach to tailor mechanical properties and degradation of biodegradable polymers.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-01-27T12:30:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FlavioAnselmoSilvaDeLima_TESE.pdf: 5034235 bytes, checksum: 5889588654d8773f78e4f287028fd71b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-30T14:46:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FlavioAnselmoSilvaDeLima_TESE.pdf: 5034235 bytes, checksum: 5889588654d8773f78e4f287028fd71b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-30T14:46:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FlavioAnselmoSilvaDeLima_TESE.pdf: 5034235 bytes, checksum: 5889588654d8773f78e4f287028fd71b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-17 / A utiliza??o de materiais comp?sitos na constru??o civil tem sido linha de pesquisa nos maiores centros de pesquisas do Brasil e do mundo. Um dos fatores que justifica essa busca ? o d?ficit habitacional dos pa?ses subdesenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. No Brasil esse d?ficit alcan?a mais de 5,4 milh?es de moradias, em torno de 12% dos domic?lios do pa?s. Esse trabalho apresenta um comp?sito que foi obtido a partir de materiais convencionalmente utilizados, cimento, gesso e areia; res?duos industriais gerados, o EPS, raspa de pneu e ?gua O ineditismo do trabalho est? no estudo de caracteriza??o combinada, t?rmica e mec?nica do comp?sito obtido. Estudou-se tamb?m a influ?ncia de tr?s tipos de recheio, colocados nos blocos (79cm X 28cm X 10cm) fabricados com o material comp?sito destinado ? edifica??o de resid?ncias populares. Foram estudadas quatro formula??es para o estudo combinado, determinando-se a mais vi?vel. Ser?o apresentados os processos de fabrica??o e montagem dos blocos produzidos para a constru??o de resid?ncias populares. Determinou-se o tipo de recheio, placas de EPS recicladas, latas de cervejas e refrigerantes reutilizadas e garrafas PETs de ?gua mineral de 500ml. Foi tamb?m realizado um estudo preliminar de conforto t?rmico com blocos fabricados com os recheios utilizados em um espa?o edificado em uma Escola P?blica de Natal, denominado Espa?o Ci?ncia. A resist?ncia mec?nica do comp?sito para todas as formula??es est? classificada como alvenaria de veda??o, abaixo 3,0 MPa. A resist?ncia t?rmica dos blocos foi comprovada pela diferen?a de temperatura m?xima entre as paredes interna e externa do c?modo edificado em torno 8,0 ?C e condutividade t?rmica praticamente igual a do tijolo de oito furos e inferior a dos blocos de concreto e tijolos maci?os, o que demonstrou a viabilidade de utiliza??o dos blocos produzidos para o fim proposto. Outras caracter?sticas importantes dos blocos produzidos ? o seu bom acabamento, n?o necessitando de reboco, o que diminui o custo de m?o de obra em um processo construtivo e o seu r?pido tempo de cura, pela utiliza??o do gesso. A formula??o mais vi?vel para o estudo combinado, t?rmico e mec?nico foi 1,0 C + 1,0 G + 1,0 EPS + 1,0 RP. Para a fabrica??o de blocos essa formula??o seria a mais vi?vel com e com recheio de placas de EPS. / The use of composite materials in construction has been a line of research quite investigated in Brazil and worldwide. One of the factors justifying this search is the housing deficit of underdeveloped and developing countries. In Brazil this deficit reaches more than 5.4 million homes, approximately 12% of all country households according to IBGE 2012. To contribute to the reduction of this housing deficit presents the study of four formulations of a composite that was obtained from materials conventionally used in construction (cement, gypsum and sand), together with residue of own construction (Styrofoam) tire scrapings and water in order to manufacture blocks with dimensions (79 cm x 28 cm x 10 cm) for building affordable housing using different types of fillings inside the block, such as cans, bottles of mineral water and EPS boards. Was built a room using blocks with the fillings mentioned above in a Public School Christmas and conducted temperature checks on these blocks. They were also performed mechanical, thermal and physical testing to characterize the best formulation. The mechanical strength of the composite for all formulations are classified as sealing masonry below 3.0 MPa. The thermal resistance of the blocks was confirmed by the maximum temperature difference between the inner and outer walls of the room built around 8.0 ? C and thermal conductivity nearly equal to the eight holes wall and bottom of the concrete blocks and solid bricks, which demonstrated the feasibility of using blocks made for the intended purpose.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-20T22:32:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 IsabelCavalcantiCabral_DISSERT.pdf: 3050113 bytes, checksum: 383bcdc049daf672f9e95cb2602b2eb2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-02-23T22:39:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 IsabelCavalcantiCabral_DISSERT.pdf: 3050113 bytes, checksum: 383bcdc049daf672f9e95cb2602b2eb2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-23T22:39:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IsabelCavalcantiCabral_DISSERT.pdf: 3050113 bytes, checksum: 383bcdc049daf672f9e95cb2602b2eb2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-01 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Atualmente vem crescendo a necessidade de aproveitamento dos res?duos gerados pela popula??o, como forma de criar materiais alternativos e de baixo custo, contribuindo assim para preserva??o do meio ambiente e aproveitamento dos recursos naturais. A fabrica??o de comp?sitos refor?ados com fibras vegetais e matriz polim?rica, tem sido uma alternativa para as ind?strias que buscam o aproveitamento de res?duos. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi desenvolver um comp?sito polim?rico com rejeito de polietileno como matriz e carga do p? da casca da semente da planta Sombreiro (Clitoria fairchildiana) nas propor??es de 2,5% e 5%, mostrando que pol?meros p?s consumo podem ser novamente aproveitados. As misturas pol?mero/carga foram produzidas atrav?s de uma extrusora, e em seguida os corpos de prova foram moldados por inje??o. Para caracterizar o comp?sito foram realizadas an?lises t?rmicas, medida do ?ndice de fluidez, determina??o da densidade, ensaio de dureza Shore D, resist?ncia ? tra??o, resist?ncia ao impacto Izod, microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV) e absor??o de ?gua. Para os resultados reol?gicos, a viscosidade do comp?sito PE_rec A (Polietileno com adi??o de 2,5% de carga) diminuiu, j? o PE_rec B (Polietileno com adi??o de 5% de carga) aumentou. A massa especifica se manteve constante para todas as amostras e concentra??es. Como esperado a dureza do comp?sito foi proporcional ao percentual de carga que foi acrescentado, j? na resist?ncia m?xima a tra??o o comp?sito PE_rec A obteve um valor 2,3% menor comparado ao PE_rec Puro, o ensaio de impacto Izod mostrou que o comp?sito PE_rec A apresentou 444,30 J/m de energia absorvida durante o ensaio. Na an?lise por MEV foram observados a presen?a de vazios na microestrutura do material e a falta de ades?o matriz/carga em algumas regi?es do comp?sito polim?rico. O ensaio de absor??o de ?gua mostrou que para as duas concentra??es de carga natural o p? se mostrou n?o muito hidrof?lico. Com isso os resultados obtidos mostraram que o Polietileno reciclado pode ser processado novamente e o acr?scimo de carga ao comp?sito promoveu um ganho de economia de material sint?tico. / Currently it has increased the need for recovery of waste generated by the population as a way to create alternative and low-cost materials, thus contributing to preserving the environment and use of natural resources. The manufacture of composites reinforced with natural fibers and polymer matrix, has been an alternative for industries seeking the recovery of waste. The aim of this study was to develop a polymeric composite tailings as polyethylene matrix and load powder seed bark Sombreiro plant (Clitoria fairchildiana) in the proportions of 2.5% and 5%, showing that post-consumer polymers can be again used. Mixtures polymer / load were produced through an extruder, and then the samples were injection molded. To characterize the composite were performed thermal analysis, measurement of flow rate, density determination, hardness testing Shore D, tensile strength, Izod impact strength, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and water absorption. For the rheological results, the viscosity of the composite PE_rec (polyethylene with addition of 2.5% load) has decreased since the PE_rec B (Polyethylene with addition of 5% load) has increased. The bulk density was kept constant for all samples and concentrations. As expected the hardness of the composite was proportional to the load percentage that has been added since the maximum tensile strength the PE_rec The composite obtained a 2.3% lower compared to PE_rec Pure, the Izod impact test showed that the composite PE_rec The presented 444.30 J/m energy absorbed during the test. In the analysis by SEM were observed the presence of voids in the microstructure of the material and the lack of adhesion matrix / load in some regions of the polymer composite. The water absorption test showed that for both natural load concentrations powder proved not very hydrophilic. Thus the results showed that the recycled polyethylene can be processed again and the composite load increase promoted a gain of synthetic material economy.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-09T19:31:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandaAlvesRibeiro_TESE.pdf: 4972549 bytes, checksum: 0745d78d97b0e53b086d596f53414354 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-10T23:32:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandaAlvesRibeiro_TESE.pdf: 4972549 bytes, checksum: 0745d78d97b0e53b086d596f53414354 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-10T23:32:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandaAlvesRibeiro_TESE.pdf: 4972549 bytes, checksum: 0745d78d97b0e53b086d596f53414354 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-11 / O consumo esmagador de Polietileno tereftalado (PET) grau garrafa constitui cap?tulo ? parte entre as resinas produzidas no Brasil. Embora o pa?s consiga reciclar mais da metade da produ??o de PET, ainda ? muito elevado o volume deste material em forma de garrafas. Salienta-se que, apesar do benef?cio da resina PET poder ser utilizada em in?meras aplica??es e sob diversos processos, ? necess?rio desenvolver alternativas de seu reuso na via de reciclagem. Nesta vertente, o objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a aplica??o do tecido de pet, oriundo do processo de reciclagem das garrafas, como refor?o de comp?sitos polim?ricos. Para tanto, na metodologia utilizada, ap?s a preliminar caracteriza??o do tecido de pet via ensaios t?xteis (Determina??o de gramatura; Resist?ncia ? propaga??o ao rasgo; Resist?ncia ? tra??o e alongamento), confeccionou-se laminados comp?sitos polim?ricos com matriz ep?xi e diferentes fra??es de tecido para a verifica??o e an?lise de suas principais propriedades f?sico-qu?micas, mec?nicas e t?rmicas. Os seguintes ensaios foram realizados nos corpos de prova de resina e laminado comp?sito: Densidade; Absor??o de ?gua; Teor de umidade; Tra??o uniaxial; Flex?o em tr?s pontos; Compress?o; Dureza; TG; DMA e An?lise de fratura. A an?lise dos resultados evidenciou que o incremento de camadas de tecido propicia ao comp?sito o aumento nas resist?ncias ? tra??o e ? compress?o; al?m do que, eleva a rigidez viscoel?stica do material, ao passo que diminui a resist?ncia ? flex?o. Observou-se tamb?m que as camadas de tecido de PET diminuem o teor de umidade do comp?sito, bem como a sua capacidade de absor??o de ?gua. Contudo, as propriedades Dureza e Densidade n?o apresentaram varia??o significativa com a inclus?o do tecido de PET. A configura??o P90, com o m?ximo teor de tecido de PET no laminado, exprimiu-se como a de melhor desempenho frente aos ensaios realizados. Deste modo, a utiliza??o do tecido PET evidencia aspectos atraentes para as iniciativas empresariais do setor. A composi??o P90, como refor?o de comp?sito polim?rico, foi a que apresentou melhor resultado. Esse material tr?s reflexos socio-econ?micos diretamente relacionados com a melhoria da qualidade de vida da popula??o, gera??o de renda, economia de recursos naturais e atenua??o de problemas ambientais. / There is no doubt whatsoever that the widest consumption of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle grade is a unique chapter among the resins produced in Brazil. Although the country is able to recycle more than a half of all PET production, the number of such material for bottle fabrication is still very high. It is important to remark that, though all benefits of PET resin uses in uncountable applications and under many processes; alternatives to its reuse throughout recycling dynamics must be developed. Thus, this work aims at evaluating the application of PET fabric coming from the process of bottle recycling polymeric composite reinforcements. In order to do so, after a preliminary characterization of the PET fabric by textile tests (Grammage determination; Tear propagation resistance; Tensile strength and elongation resistance), laminated polymeric composite with epoxy matrix as well as different fractions of fabric for checking and analysis of their main physicochemical, mechanical and thermal properties were engendered. The following tests were performed with the resin and with laminated composite: Density, Water absorption; Moisture content; Uniaxial tensile; Three point flexural test; Compression; Hardness; TG; DMA and Fracture analysis. By analyzing the results, it was noticed that the increase of fabric layers provide a resistance and compression gain to the composite, and it also increases the material viscoelastic stiffness, at the same time as its flexural strength is diminish. It was also noticed that its water absorption capacity was diminished. Nevertheless, its hardness and density properties did not present meaningful variation with the PET addition. The P90 setting with the highest content of PET fabric in the laminate presented itself as having the best results in the tests. Therefore the use of PET fabric presents attracting aspects to entrepreneurship. P90 configuration used as polymeric composite reinforcements were the one to present the best results. Such material brings socio-economical reflexions directly linked to the improvement of livelihood, natural resources economy and offset environment problems.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-20T20:04:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LuanCarvalhoSantanaDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 2245545 bytes, checksum: 12d2d7b903a4e317e9d386eb57ca0374 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-22T20:17:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LuanCarvalhoSantanaDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 2245545 bytes, checksum: 12d2d7b903a4e317e9d386eb57ca0374 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-22T20:17:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuanCarvalhoSantanaDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 2245545 bytes, checksum: 12d2d7b903a4e317e9d386eb57ca0374 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A utiliza??o de res?duos industriais est? em evid?ncia na atualidade, principalmente em fun??o da quest?o ambiental. Nos ?ltimos anos in?meros comp?sitos foram obtidos e estudados, com a utiliza??o de res?duos e fibras vegetais, desmistificando o conceito de que um material s? pode ser chamado de comp?sito se a carga for de refor?o. Obteve e estudou-se um comp?sito de matriz de resina poli?ster (ortoft?lica e tereft?lica) e carga de enchimento de raspa de madeira produzida em marcenarias. Foram estudados os processos de obten??o dos comp?sitos e a caracteriza??o de propriedades mec?nicas, t?rmicas e f?sicas nas amostras dos comp?sitos com fra??o m?ssica de 10, 20 e 30%, para tr?s diferentes granulometrias, totalizando seis formula??es para porcentagens. Por?m, foi escolhida a formula??o com 20%, pois com essa porcentagem j? tinha atingido a satura??o da mistura. Os ensaios realizados foram de tra??o, flex?o, t?rmico, absor??o de ?gua, densidade, biodegrada??o, degrada??o ambiental e MEV. Os comp?sitos obtidos, em todas as formula??es estudadas, apresentaram resist?ncia mec?nica inferior a da matriz, por?m n?o inviabilizou sua utiliza??o para aplica??es onde n?o s?o requeridos significativos esfor?os. Em termos de resist?ncia t?rmica o comp?sito proposto foi competitivo com a resina matriz, tendo comportamento um pouco inferior. Como esperado os comp?sitos apresentaram maiores ?ndices de absor??o de ?gua quando comparados ?s matrizes polim?ricas. A densidade aparente dos comp?sitos n?o apresentou varia??o significativa em rela??o ?s matrizes utilizadas. Demonstrou-se, portanto, que os res?duos agregados ? resina t?m a fun??o de carga de enchimento. O comp?sito foi utilizado para a fabrica??o de tampos de bancos, demonstrando-se sua viabilidade de aplica??o na fabrica??o de estruturas apara baixas solicita??es mec?nicas. / The use of industrial waste is nowadays evident, especially in the environmental issue. In recent years, the results have been obtained with the use of waste and vegetable fibers, the dismemberment of the concept of a material can be called composite. A polyester resin composite (orthophthalic and terephthalic) composite and filler of wood produced in woodworking was obtained and studied. The processes of obtaining composites and a characterization of mechanical, thermal and physical properties in composite samples with a more specific fraction of 10, 20 and 30% were studied for three different granulometries, totaling six formulations for percentages. However, a formulation with 20% was chosen, because with that percentage already had a saturation of the mixture. The tests carried out for tensile, flexural, thermal, water absorption, density, biodegradation, environmental degradation and MEV tests. The composites obtained in all the studied formulations had lower mechanical resistance than the matrix, however it did not make it impossible to use them in applications where no significant efforts are required. In terms of thermal resistance or composite proposed to competitive with a resin matrix, having somewhat lower behavior. As expected the composites presented higher water absorption indices when compared to the polymer matrices. The apparent density of the composites does not present significant variation in relation to the used dimensions. It has been demonstrated, therefore, that the residues aggregated to the resin have a filling charge function. The composite was used for the manufacture of seat tops, demonstrating its feasibility of application in the fabrication of structures for low mechanical stresses.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-28T19:32:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MiguelCabralDeMacedoNeto_TESE.pdf: 9317764 bytes, checksum: d6388f1f4587c23e99a96ddc982ae840 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-29T19:48:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MiguelCabralDeMacedoNeto_TESE.pdf: 9317764 bytes, checksum: d6388f1f4587c23e99a96ddc982ae840 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-29T19:48:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MiguelCabralDeMacedoNeto_TESE.pdf: 9317764 bytes, checksum: d6388f1f4587c23e99a96ddc982ae840 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-10 / O surgimento de materiais comp?sitos tem o objetivo de se encontrar propriedades especificas desejadas para determinadas aplica??es, como melhor resist?ncia mec?nica, materiais mais leves, economicamente vi?vel, materiais recicl?veis e etc.Nessa perspectiva estudou-se a viabilidade do uso da palha de a?o para a obten??o de um comp?sito de matriz polim?rica. Foram testadas tr?s formula??es, com 10%, 15% e 20% de fibras do comp?sito. Para a caracteriza??o do comp?sito foram determinadas propriedades t?rmicas (condutividade, capacidade t?rmica, difusividade e resistividade), mec?nicas (tra??o e flex?o) e fisioqu?micas (MEV, DRX, densidade, absor??o e degrada??o). O comp?sito, em suas tr?s formula??es, apresentou resist?ncia mec?nica superior a quase totalidade dos comp?sitos j? estudados no laborat?rio LMHES. Essa maior capacidade de resist?ncia mec?nica esteve associada a utiliza??o de um fibra met?lica. No que diz respeito as propriedades t?rmicas, o comp?sito estudado apresentou uma menor capacidade de isolamento t?rmico que os outros comp?sitos anteriormente estudados. O comp?sito apresentou maior viabilidade para a absor??o de umidade e resist?ncia mec?nica. o pior resultado deu-se para aplica??es t?rmica onde sua condutividade t?rmica est? acima da maioria dos comp?sitos polim?rico mostrados pela literatura, em fun??o da utiliza??o de uma fibra met?lica. Foram realizados ensaios mec?nicos, t?rmicos dentre outros, apresentando ?timos resultados devido as propriedades espec?ficas do comp?sito proposto como resist?ncia a flex?o, e boa resist?ncia ? absor??o de meios aquosos. As propriedades do comp?sito pode ser utilizado para a fabrica??o de estruturas que n?o requeiram significativa resist?ncia mec?nica na tra??o, como por exemplo, prot?tipos solares e e?licos, como fornos e fog?es solares e p?s de aerogeradores. / Composite materials arise from the need of finding desired properties for certain applications, such as better mechanical resistance, lighter materials, cost-effectiveness, recyclable material, etc. The difficulties of disposal, recycling or reuse are now environmental concerns and therefore subject matter of much research. In this perspective we studied the feasibility of using steel wool for obtaining a polymeric matrix composite. Three formulations were tested, 10%, 15% and 20% of composite fibers. For the characterization of the composite were determined thermal properties (conductivity, heat capacity, diffusivity and resistivity), mechanical properties (traction and bending) and physiochemical properties (SEM, XRD, density, absorption and degradation). The composite in its three formulations had higher mechanical strength compared to almost all composites that have already been studied in the laboratory LMHES. This greater mechanical resilience was associated with the use of a metallic fiber. Regarding the thermal properties, the composite studied had a lower thermal insulation than other composites studied previously. The composite showed higher viability for humidity absorption and mechanical resilience. The worst result was in thermal applications where its thermal conductivity is above of most polymeric composites found in the literature, due to the use of a metallic fiber. Some tests were made, such as mechanical, thermal, among other tests, showing excellent results because of the specific properties of the composites proposed, namely flexural strength, and good resistance to absorption in aqueous environment. The properties of such composite can be used to make structures that do not require significant mechanical resilience in traction, for instance in solar and wind prototypes, such as ovens and solar powered cookers and wind generator blades.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-08-01T11:55:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreyJoseMoraesDeLima_DISSERT.pdf: 2671095 bytes, checksum: 5c9ecacd56db46c55bf4d3ca78559cc9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-08-02T13:26:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreyJoseMoraesDeLima_DISSERT.pdf: 2671095 bytes, checksum: 5c9ecacd56db46c55bf4d3ca78559cc9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-02T13:26:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreyJoseMoraesDeLima_DISSERT.pdf: 2671095 bytes, checksum: 5c9ecacd56db46c55bf4d3ca78559cc9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Eletr?litos comp?sitos constitu?dos por uma matriz cer?mica de c?ria (CeO2) ou c?ria-gadol?nia (Ce0,9Gd0,1O2-?, CGO) e misturas eut?ticas de Na2CO3/Li2CO3 ou LiCl/KCl permitem reduzir a temperatura de funcionamento de c?lulas a combust?vel de 600 - 800 ?C para a faixa entre 400 e 600 ?C. Neste trabalho, eletr?litos comp?sitos ? base de c?ria e sais fundidos (misturas eut?ticas de carbonatos ou cloretos) foram obtidos pelo m?todo citrato. A rota qu?mica adotada possibilitou a s?ntese em simult?neo das duas fases dos comp?sitos, com um controle preciso de composi??o e microestrutura, promovendo uma substancial intera??o qu?mica entre fases. O estudo avaliou os efeitos da composi??o (teor de carbonato ou cloreto em matriz de c?ria ou CGO) e do processamento (temperatura de sinteriza??o) na microestrutura e propriedades de transporte dos comp?sitos. A caracteriza??o estrutural por difra??o de raios X revelou que os carbonatos e cloretos existem como fases amorfas. Apesar das baixas densidades relativas (entre 52 e 75%), decorrentes das reduzidas temperaturas de sinteriza??o (c?ria/carbonatos a 690 ?C e c?ria/cloretos entre 400 e 600 ?C), observou-se que a fus?o das fases amorfas atua como um selo que pode evitar o fluxo de gases atrav?s das amostras. A correla??o entre a composi??o e o comportamento el?trico, recorrendo ?s t?cnicas de espectroscopia de infravermelho, microscopia eletr?nica de varredura e espectroscopia de imped?ncia, permitiu ampliar o conhecimento existente sobre as novas caracter?sticas destes materiais relativamente aos eletr?litos convencionais. / Solid electrolyte is the part of the fuel cell has three essential functions: separate reagents, blocking electronic current and have high ionic conductivity of the elements that compose it. Composite electrolytes consisting of a ceria (CeO2) or ceria-gadolinia (Ce0,9Gd0,1O2, CGO) ceramic matrix and eutectic mixtures of Na2CO3/Li2CO3 or LiCl/KCl allow reducing the operating temperature of ceramic fuel cells from 600 - 800?C to 400 ? 600 ?C. In this paper, composite electrolytes based on ceria and molten salts (eutectic mixtures of carbonates and chlorides) were obtained by the citrate method. The adopted chemical route enabled the simultaneous synthesis of the two phases, with precise control of composition and microstructure, providing substantial chemical interaction between phases. The study evaluated the effects of composition (carbonate or chloride content in the ceria based matrix) and processing (sintering temperature) on microstructure and transport properties of the composites. The structural characterization by X-ray diffraction showed that the carbonates and chlorides exist as amorphous phases. Despite the low relative densities (between 52 and 75%), as a result of reduced sintering temperatures (ceria/carbonate at 690?C and ceria/chloride between 400 and 600?C), it was observed that the fusion of the amorphous phase acts as a seal that can prevent the flow of gases through the samples. The correlation between the composition and the electrical behavior, using the infrared spectroscopy techniques, scanning electron microscopy and impedance spectroscopy, has observed a homogeneous microstructural distribution between phases, indicating the formation of a ceramic skeleton based on ceria, surrounded by a mixture of amorphous salts, obtaining a conductivity of 0.079 S cm-1 and 0,058 cm-1 S for the ceria composite and carbonates at 600 ? C and 0.0016 S cm-1 and 0.0011 S cm-1 for composites ceria and chlorides at 450 ? C.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-08-10T11:35:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RobertoKleciusMendoncaFernandes_TESE.pdf: 9615422 bytes, checksum: cd708447bea2bf643fce86924f5bbab0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-08-11T10:55:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RobertoKleciusMendoncaFernandes_TESE.pdf: 9615422 bytes, checksum: cd708447bea2bf643fce86924f5bbab0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-11T10:55:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RobertoKleciusMendoncaFernandes_TESE.pdf: 9615422 bytes, checksum: cd708447bea2bf643fce86924f5bbab0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-15 / O mancal seco ? um elemento estrutural presente na maioria dos sistemas mec?nicos das ind?strias dos setores eletrodom?sticos, agropecu?rios, aeroespacial, aeron?utico e automotivo. Este trabalho d? continuidade a uma linha de pesquisa iniciada no Grupo de Estudos de Tribologia e Integridade Estrutural (GET) da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) e tem o objetivo de investigar tribologicamente comp?sitos polim?ricos com matriz de politetrafluoretileno (PTFE) e carga de rejeito de scheelita para aplica??o em mancais secos, visando reduzir custo e aumentar a vida em servi?o destes elementos. O rejeito de scheelita, origin?rio da extra??o da scheelita utilizada para produ??o do tungst?nio, ? um res?duo mineral composto de ?xidos, como os de sil?cio, c?lcio, alum?nio, ferro, magn?sio, tungst?nio, dentre outros. O rejeito de scheelita foi caracterizado na condi??o como adquirido, atrav?s de an?lises de MEV e EDS, e peneirado para tamanho de part?cula inferior a 45 ?m. O PTFE foi analisado por DRX. PTFE e rejeito de scheelita foram misturados mecanicamente, moldados por compress?o a quente, num molde projetado envolto por uma resist?ncia el?trica, atrav?s de uma prensa hidr?ulica. Investigou-se o desempenho tribol?gico dos comp?sitos submetidos a cargas (1) em movimento linear alternado (reciprocating) e (2) com indenta??es repetidas. As superf?cies novas e ensaiadas foram analisadas por Microscopia de For?a At?mica (AFM) no que concerne aos par?metros de rugosidade peri?dica e n?o peri?dica. Verificou-se que a varia??o no teor de rejeito de scheelita e a frequ?ncia do movimento alternado influenciaram no desempenho tribol?gico e na resist?ncia do comp?sito, relacionados ao coeficiente de atrito, ? rugosidade, ao desgaste e ? indenta??o. Os comp?sitos polim?ricos desenvolvidos e ensaiados demonstraram se constituir em novos materiais adequados para aplica??o de mancais secos, notadamente o comp?sito com 80% de PTFE e 20% de rejeito de scheelita que, mostrando-se como de melhor desempenho tribol?gico, apresenta-se como uma alternativa vi?vel e de custo mais baixo que o PTFE puro. / Dry rubbing journal bearing is a structural part that is present in the most of mechanical systems of industries from home appliances, agricultural, aerospace, aeronautic and automotive sectors. This work gives continuity to a research started in Group of Studies in Tribology and Structural Integrity (GET) at Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) and has objective to investigate, tribologically, a scheelite tailings- filled PTFE composites to dry rubbing journal bearings application, to reduce cost and extend life service of this parts. The tailing of scheelite, obtained from scheelite mining to produce tungsten, is a mineral spoilage composed of oxides, as a silicon oxides, calcium, aluminum, iron, magnesium, tungsten and others. The tailing of scheelite was analyzed as acquired through SEM and EDS analysis, and sieved to get a particle size less than 45 ?m. PTFE was analyzed through XRD. PTFE and scheelite tailings was mechanically mixed, hot compression molding in a designed mold involved by a electrical resistance and compressed by a hydraulic press. It was investigated tribological performance of composites subject to loads (1) in reciprocating movement and (2) repeated indentations. The new and tested surfaces were analyzed through Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) to collect periodic and non periodic roughness parameters. It was verified that scheelite tailing content and frequency of reciprocating influenced tribological performance and strength of composites, related to coefficient of friction, roughness, wear and indentation. The developed and tested polymeric composites showed to constitute a new materials suitable to dry rubbing journal bearings applications, notably 80% of PTFE and 20% scheelite tailing composite content that was the best tribological performance composite and being introduced as a viable alternative and lower cost than pure PTFE.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-09-19T19:40:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AdrianoLincolnAlbuquerqueMattos_TESE.pdf: 27478075 bytes, checksum: 07d8b83bd142d721fba0a56eaf59e772 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-19T22:36:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AdrianoLincolnAlbuquerqueMattos_TESE.pdf: 27478075 bytes, checksum: 07d8b83bd142d721fba0a56eaf59e772 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-19T22:36:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AdrianoLincolnAlbuquerqueMattos_TESE.pdf: 27478075 bytes, checksum: 07d8b83bd142d721fba0a56eaf59e772 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-28 / As fibras lignocelul?sicas t?m se tornado alternativas econ?micas e ecol?gicas para uso como refor?os ou cargas em comp?sitos com pol?meros virgens ou reciclados. O presente trabalho foi subdividido em tr?s artigos que abordaram diferentes aspectos do desenvolvimento de comp?sitos. O primeiro envolveu a modifica??o de part?culas lignocelul?sicas, utilizando o l?quido da casca da castanha de caju (LCC) como fonte de cardanol, tendo por objetivo o incremento da degradabilidade de comp?sitos de polipropileno (PP) com diferentes tipos de part?culas lignocelul?sicas. Ensaios de termooxida??o e an?lises do comportamento mec?nico, da composi??o qu?mica e das propriedades f?sicas das amostras, permitiram a verifica??o de que os comp?sitos produzidos com part?culas modificadas com o LCC se degradaram na metade do tempo dos comp?sitos convencionais. O segundo artigo objetivou a otimiza??o da metodologia de modifica??o qu?mica da superf?cie de part?culas lignocelul?sicas com LCC, que tamb?m pode ser utilizada como etapa intermedi?ria na funcionaliza??o das part?culas lignocelul?sicas, pois introduz em sua superf?cie s?tios de maior reatividade. A efici?ncia das metodologias de modifica??o qu?mica foi avaliada com o uso de t?cnicas de microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV), espectroscopia de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR), termogravimetria (TG) e ?ngulo de contato. Tamb?m foi avaliado o comportamento das part?culas modificadas em comp?sitos com polipropileno. As propriedades dos comp?sitos obtidos foram avaliadas por ensaio de tra??o e an?lise t?rmica din?mico mec?nica (DMTA). O terceiro artigo abordou a produ??o de comp?sitos de PP com farinha de madeira de cajueiro e farinha de folha de carna?ba. As propriedades f?sicas, mec?nicas e morfol?gicas foram avaliadas por TG, calorimetria explorat?ria diferencial (DSC), DMTA, e MEV. Comp?sitos obtidos com fibras in natura, mercerizadas e compatibilizadas com anidrido maleico foram comparados, tendo sido observados os melhores desempenhos nos comp?sitos com o uso do anidrido maleico e farinha da folha de carna?ba. / Lignocellulosic fibers have become an economical and ecological alternative for use as reinforcements and fillers in composites made of virgin or recycled polymers. The present work was subdivided in three papers that focus different aspects of the development of composites. The first one had involved the modification of lignocellulosic particles, using the cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) as the source of cardanol. The objective was increasing in the degradability of polypropylene (PP) composites made of different types of lignocellulosic particles. Thermo-oxidation tests and analyzes of the mechanical behavior, chemical composition and physical properties of the samples allowed the verification that composites produced with CNSL-modified particles degraded in half the time of the conventional ones. The second article aimed at optimizing the methodology of chemical modification of lignocellulosic particles surface with CNSL that can also be used as an intermediary step in further functionalization of lignocellulosic particles, as it introduces upon its surface higher reactivity sites. The efficiency of the chemical modification methodologies was evaluated with the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry (TGA) and contact angle. The behavior of composites made of the modified particles in polypropylene matrix was also evaluated by mechanical tests and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The third paper dealt with the production of PP composites made of cashew wood flour and carnauba leaf flour. The physical, mechanical and morphological properties were evaluated by TGA, differential scanning calorimetry, mechanical tensile and flexural tests, and SEM. Composites made of bulk fibers, mercerized and coupled with maleic anhydride were compared and the best performances were observed in the composites using maleic anhydride as coupling agent and carnauba fibers.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-09-19T20:22:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JeronimoMailsonCiprianoCarlosLeite_TESE.pdf: 3038205 bytes, checksum: dd114b39d1209f01fe463b1a3b28b51f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-20T22:14:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JeronimoMailsonCiprianoCarlosLeite_TESE.pdf: 3038205 bytes, checksum: dd114b39d1209f01fe463b1a3b28b51f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-20T22:14:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JeronimoMailsonCiprianoCarlosLeite_TESE.pdf: 3038205 bytes, checksum: dd114b39d1209f01fe463b1a3b28b51f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-30 / A utiliza??o de materiais comp?sitos para a constru??o civil tem sido objeto de estudo acad?mico em universidades e centros de pesquisa no Brasil e no mundo. Um dos elementos motivadores ? o d?ficit habitacional que os pa?ses principalmente do terceiro mundo enfrentam. No Brasil, entre 2010 e 2014, esse d?ficit alcan?a mais de 6,5 milh?es de moradias, em torno de 12 % dos domic?lios do pa?s. Esse trabalho apresenta um comp?sito que foi obtido a partir de res?duos gerados na ind?stria da constru??o civil (brita e cer?mica), res?duos de vidro gerados pela ind?stria vidraceira e elementos comuns em materiais da constru??o, tais como cimento, areia e ?gua. Esses res?duos causam grandes danos ao meio ambiente e s?o jogados nos aterros em grandes quantidades. O trabalho foca no uso de tr?s res?duos para a obten??o o comp?sito e na fabrica??o de dois tipos de blocos, um maci?o usado para piso e um vazado para ser usado em fechamentos verticais em edifica??es, podendo ser utilizados como alvenaria estrutural ou de veda??o. Utilizou-se doze formula??es, sendo duas delas servindo refer?ncia denominadas formula??es Padr?es, e posteriormente foram selecionadas as seis de melhores resultados mec?nico, incluindo uma padr?o com Cimento, Areia M?dia e ?gua. As formula??es escolhidas foram caracterizadas, determinando-se as resist?ncias ? compress?o axial e diametral, a absor??o de ?gua por capilaridade e imers?o total, a densidade e as propriedades t?rmicas. Foram confeccionados blocos com duas das formula??es do comp?sito de melhores resultados gerais utilizando formas especialmente fabricadas para este fim. Os resultados mais expressivos do comp?sito foram obtidos para a resist?ncia mec?nica ? compress?o que atingiu valor superior a 13 Mpa, absor??o de ?gua com resultados inferior a 7,5 %, Densidade inferior a 2,5 g/cm?, Condutividade com valores pr?ximos a 5 W/m.K e Difusividade inferior a 4 mm?/s. Estes resultados permitem que o comp?sito possa ser utilizado tanto na fabrica??o de blocos para alvenaria de veda??o quanto estrutural, tornando-o mais vers?til na ind?stria da constru??o civil. / The use of composite materials for civil construction has been the object of academic study in universities and centers of research in Brazil and worldwide. One of the motivating factors is the housing deficit that the countries of the third world are facing. In Brazil, between 2010 and 2014, this deficit reaches more than 6.5 million homes, around 12% of the country's households. This work presents a composite that was obtained from waste generated in the construction industry (gravel and ceramics), glass waste generated by the glazing industry and common elements in construction materials, such as cement, sand and water. These wastes cause great damage to the environment and are disposed of in landfills in large quantities. The work focuses on the use of three residues to obtain the composite and in the manufacture of two types of blocks, a solid one used for floor and one to be used in vertical closings in buildings, being able to be used as structural masonry or of sealing. Twelve formulations were used, two of them serving reference denominated Standard formulations, and later were selected the six of better mechanical results, including a standard with Cement, Average Sand and water. The chosen formulations were characterized, determining the resistance to axial and diametrical compression, water absorption by capillarity and total immersion, density and thermal properties. Blocks were made with two of the best overall composite formulations using specially fabricated forms for this purpose. The most expressive results of the composite were obtained for the mechanical resistance to compression reaching a value higher than 13 MPa, absorption of water with results lower than 7.5 %, Density less than 2.5 g/cm?, Conductivity with values close to 5 W/m.K and diffusivity less than 4 mm?/s. These results allow the composite to be used both in the manufacture of structural and masonry blocks, making it more versatile in the construction industry.