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Realize the situation about CO2 emission in Europe and China. Find out which reasons caused the CO2 emission will be changed. We did the data collection: CO2 emissions from China and EU. Energy consumption (include the total, electricity and transportation) and energy structure. Increased CO2 emission caused by Global warming. The CO2 emission increased with fossil-fuel use increased. China almost used of fossil energy, in 2004, domestic use for coal achieve to 67.7% of the total energy consumption. In 2010, the coal supply account for 48% of the world; the coal supply in 2000 to 2009 increased 85.5%. The CO2 emissions in 2009 is 6803.92 mil-tones, increased 13.32% than 2008, No. 1 of world. EU energy structure is keep changed, the rate of utilization for traditional fossil-fuel was gradually reduced. In 2010, the EU coal supply 8% of the world, 2000-2009 presents negative growth (3.8%). The CO2 emissions in 2009 were 4310.3 mil-tones, more than 2008 years to reduce 6.9%. CO2 emission based on energy consumption; Energy consumption is supply a variety of services to people. We must consider with population. China’s CO2/per capita less than average level in world, and lower than most EU countries.   China and EU are planning for future energy structure (reduce the use of fossil-fuel and increase renewable energy construction), that means up to energy saving and emission reduction purpose. The emission reduction of focus is to change the energy structure, reduce fossil-fuel use. China predicting the coal utilization rate under 60% of the total energy consumption. Thus, by 2020, forecast reducing 40-45% CO2 emission based on 1995. EU energy structure better than china, while they planning energy saving reach 20% at 2020, and improve the renewable energy use. By 2020, EU-27 forecast reducing 20% CO2 emission based on 1990 CO2 emission.

Choline is universal among plants as phosphatidylcholine and in many plants it serves as a precursor for the compatible osmolytes glycine betaine and choline-𝘖-sulphate. In spinach, choline is synthesized by the sequential 𝘕-methylation of phosphoethanolamine (PEA) → phosphomethylethanolamine (PMEA) → phosphodimethylethanolamine (PDEA) → phosphocholine (PCho) and PCho is hydrolyzed to choline. The objective of this biochemical survey was to determine whether the activities of enzyme(s) converting PEA to PCho could be found in leaves of diverse plants and, if so, if common regulatory properties could be identified. Leaf tissue was harvested from 14 diverse dicot plants. Enzyme activities for the three sequential 𝘕-methylations were quantified in vitro and for representative assays using PEA as substrate, reaction products were identified by thin layer chromatography. Extracts of all plants tested could metabolize PEA to PMEA, the rate of conversion varied from 0.04 to 25 nmol · min⁻¹ · g⁻¹ Fresh wt for soybean and cotton, respectively. In vitro PMEA → PDEA and PDEA → PCho rates varied between the plant species tested. Both steps were highest in sugar beet (22 and 24 nmol · min⁻¹ · g⁻¹ Fresh wt for · PMEA → PDEA and PDEA → PCho, respectively) to below detection limits for soybean (<0.03 nmol· min⁻¹ · g⁻¹ Fresh wt). Upon dark exposure, PEA → PMEA reaction rates were reduced from the light period levels but not in all cases was the activity reduced beyond the level that could be attributed to a general loss in plant vigour. The reduction in 𝘕-methylation capacity was most pronounced in plants with the highest levels of PEA → PMEA activity, with reduction greatest in sugar beet > amaranth > spinach. Thus PEA → PMEA is catalyzed by a light-regulated enzyme in many but apparently not all dicot plants. Datko and Mudd (1988a) have proposed that PEA → PMEA conversion is ubiquitous among plants and the enzyme responsible catalyzes a committing step for PCho synthesis. PEAMeT activity was found in leaf extracts of 10 additional dicot species. The level of in vitro activity and light regulation is not equivalent among all plants examined. If in vitro rates faithfully reflect the in vivo capacity to synthesize choline, why the variability among plants with respect to their capacity to synthesize a universal metabolite? Alternate routes of PCho/phosphatidyl choline synthesis may explain these differences (Datko and Mudd, 1988a,b; Hanson and Rhodes, 1983; Hitz 𝘦𝘵 𝘢𝘭., 1981; Weretilnyk and Summers, 1992). Interestingly, the plants with the highest rates of PEA → PMEA activity, (cotton, sugar beet, amaranth, sunflower, spinach and statice) are all documented glycine betaine accumulating species. These plants may have higher rates of PEA methylation in order to meet requirements for osmolyte synthesis. Thus, it would be interesting to see if PEA metabolism to PCho is up-regulated in response to osmotic stress. / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)

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The aim of this study has been to investigate the possibilities to identify lack of glue in finger joints by checking different non-destructive techniques. Specifically, this study puts emphasis on finding a method suitable for an automated and fast industry production line of home furnishing products. The methods investigated are of three main varieties: Sound/vibration Thermography Tomography The most promising method was the high-power ultrasound thermography. This method is fast and reliable, but more research is needed. It is necessary to find out if the thermography waves can penetrate deep enough. Another possible method is computed tomography. This method can take a lot of time, but the speed of scanning depends on the accuracy demanded. / Uppgiften har varit att granska möjligheterna att identifiera bristfälliga trälimningar eller helt avsaknad av lim i fingerskarvar med hjälp av olika metoder som inte förstör materialet, NDT (non-destructive testing). Undersökningen syftar speciellt till att finna en metod som är anpassad till ett effektivt produktionsflöde i industrin. Det måste där med vara en metod som med stor snabbhet kan hitta eventuella fel på produkterna. De metoder som mer omfattande har granskats är ljud/vibration, termografi och tomografi. Den metod som visat sig mest lovande är high-power ultrasound thermography. Tester måste dock utföras för att säkerställa att metoden är passande för ändamålet. Framför allt om de termografiska vågorna tränger in tillräckligt djupt. En annan möjlighet är datortomografi. Denna metod kan vara tidskrävande, men skanningshastigheten beror på hur noggrant mätresultat som erfordras. Här finns också en säkerhetsaspekt som måste beaktas, eftersom röntgenstrålar används.

本文主要討論以青銅器銘文與《尚書》對讀的成果。 第一章說明研究動機、目的、範圍與方法，以及簡述前人研究成果。第二章討論利用金文校釋《尚書》中的字，包括錯譌字、通假字及用字習慣。第三章討論利用金文校釋《尚書》中的詞句，包括辨析詞義與訂正句讀。第四章討論《尚書》對金文釋讀的幫助，包括為字形考釋、詞句考釋提供線索。第五章討論字詞對讀中應該注意的問題。第六章討論利用金文內容辨析《尚書》中所載史事。第七章為概述二至六章之研究成果並說明結論。

Diploma thesis has two parts -- theoretical part and practical part. In theoretical part we will find methods and processes used in practical part. Theoretical part begins with basic identification with sources and users of financial analysis. Then we cross to basic instruments of financial analysis. The chapter ends with credibility and bankruptcy models. Practical part begins with basic facts and company history. Then follows practical use of methods and processes from theoretical part. The aim of this study will examine the practical knowledge acquired on an interesting example of the real environment of the Czech

We consider asynchronous multiprocessors where processes communicate only by reading or writing shared memory. We show how to implement consensus, all comparison primitives (such as CAS and TAS), and load-linked/store-conditional using only a constant number of remote memory references (RMRs), in both the cache-coherent and the distributed-shared-memory models of such multiprocessors. Our implementations are blocking, rather than wait-free: they ensure progress provided all processes that invoke the implemented primitive are live. Our results imply that any algorithm using read and write operations, comparison primitives and load-linked/store-conditional, can be simulated by an algorithm that uses read and write operations only, with at most a constant-factor increase in RMR complexity.

We consider asynchronous multiprocessors where processes communicate only by reading or writing shared memory. We show how to implement consensus, all comparison primitives (such as CAS and TAS), and load-linked/store-conditional using only a constant number of remote memory references (RMRs), in both the cache-coherent and the distributed-shared-memory models of such multiprocessors. Our implementations are blocking, rather than wait-free: they ensure progress provided all processes that invoke the implemented primitive are live. Our results imply that any algorithm using read and write operations, comparison primitives and load-linked/store-conditional, can be simulated by an algorithm that uses read and write operations only, with at most a constant-factor increase in RMR complexity.

There has been an increase in demand for efficient wireless systems. Smart antennas using position location are one possible way to improve the capacity of cellular systems. In order to deploy such systems successfully, the wireless network must properly exploit the processing of spatial information (ie. The uplink angle of arrival) through wireless channel models. Geometric modelling is a technique to model the wireless environment. When compared to other methods such as ray tracing simulations, geometric models allow one to classify a wide varity of environments within a single model. Secondly, there have been much research in the past to obtain empirical measurements in many different environment settings. These measurements have been recorded, however, there has been no research undertaken to systematically compare and validate the empirical findings with current geometric models. The goal of this research is to compare and constrast geometric models with empirical data in order to show which models are best suited for specific wireless environments. The uplink angle of arrival (AOA) probability distribution is the fading metric that will be used to compare and contrast these models.