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Embora programas de imunização tenham sido considerados eficientes e bem-sucedidos desde a década de 1970, o controle epidemiológico de doenças preveníeis por vacinas fez com que os benefícios da imunização se tornassem menos óbvios. Uma vez que referidas doenças parecem ter menos relevância e gravidade, os indivíduos não veem a prevenção contínua com o mesmo senso de urgência, comportamento este que gera um novo desafio aos executores de programas e políticas desta natureza. A cobertura reduzida de vacinas em uma população está inevitavelmente associada ao ressurgimento de doenças preveníeis em diversos países, com surtos potencialmente levando ao aumento de taxas de morbidade e mortalidade. Ao contrário da maioria das intervenções médicas, cujo benefício é restrito ao indivíduo, as vacinas têm como característica a extensão de benefícios também para toda uma comunidade. Nesse mesmo sentido, as evidências científicas demonstram que a eliminação e/ou erradicação de doenças está intimamente ligada com o conceito de imunidade coletiva. Por esta razão, a vacinação compulsória pode ser entendida como uma forma ética de justa de garantir a saúde - direito garantido constitucionalmente no Brasil - desde que coordenada de maneira estruturada, proporcionando o consentimento informado e esclarecido, assim como o engajamento e encorajamento da população, objetivando equilibrar os riscos e benefícios decorrentes desta inerente limitação à esfera de liberdades individuais. Ainda, com a intenção melhorar a execução dos programas de imunização atuais, este estudo sugere que o compartilhamento dos riscos sobre efeitos adversos decorrentes da política deve ser acompanhado de ferramentas de monitoramento e mecanismos de compensação aos indivíduos - na ocasião de danos decorrentes da obrigação coletiva de imunização. / As much as immunization programs have been considered effective and successful since the 1970s, epidemiological control of vaccine-preventable diseases has made the benefits of immunization less obvious. Once such diseases seem to have less relevance and severity, individuals do not see continuous prevention with the same sense of urgency, a behavior that creates a new challenge for the executors of programs and policies of this nature. Reduced vaccine coverage in a population is inevitably associated with the resurgence of preventable diseases in several countries, with outbreaks potentially leading to increased morbidity and mortality rates. Unlike most medical interventions, whose benefit is restricted to the individual, vaccines have the characteristic of extending its benefits to an entire community. Moreover, scientific evidence establishes that the elimination and /or eradication of diseases is linked with the concept of collective immunity. Hence, compulsory vaccination can be understood as ethical and fair towards health - a constitutional right in Brazil - provided that it is coordinated in a structured manner, providing informed consent, as well as the commitment and encouragement of the population, aiming to balance the risks and benefits arising from this inherent limitation to the sphere of individual freedoms. Furthermore, aiming the improvement of current immunization programs, this study suggests that sharing risks on adverse effects arising from the policy should be followed by monitoring tools and compensation mechanisms in case of damages arising from mandatory immunization.

Title: Use of compensatory exercises for footballers in the youth sports center Objectives: The aim of the work is to identify the most common muscle imbalances and to create a compensation program for football players in the category of younger students U12 and U13 in the youth sports center. Methods: The research was based on the diagnosis of players using test exercises, which focused on the occurrence of muscle imbalances and erroneous movement stereotypes according to Bursová (2005), Hošková & Matoušová (2007) and Bursová et al. (2003). Detection was provided by selected functional muscle tests, which were applied in the input and output measurements. Correct performance of the exercise was evaluated as number 1. Incorrect performance was evaluated as number 2. After the initial measurement and evaluation of the degree of muscle imbalances, a compensation program was designed, whose primary task was to eliminate or alleviate muscle imbalances of individual players. The final measurement was used to verify the effectiveness of the compiled compensation program. A one - sample nonparametric Wilcoxon test was used in the work, the task of which was to confirm the validity of the used tests. Results: Due to the fact that the results of selected probands improved in most of the test exercises...