In the middle of the financial turmoil, many managers are blamed by journalists or politicians to be responsible for the crisis. For unknown reasons, this crisis born elsewhere than in large quoted companies, has struck top executives and CEOs, accused by an angry public to benefit from excessive compensations. However this wave of protest has highlighted the field of executive compensation and sparked the academic debate regarding the determinants of executive pay, with a particular focus on the relation between pay and performance.   In this paper we discuss the role and attributes of executives, their remuneration schemes and the trend evolution in terms of package components and overall amounts. To delimit our study, we focus on the Anglo-American model only; the most criticized one, especially because of the important part covered by stock options. We conduct a theory review to provide a clear understanding of what executive compensation is and the impact it can have on the performance and long-term value creation. To help us achieve this, we use the agency theory, explaining the relationship between the agent, being the executive, and the principal, being the shareholder. We aim at determining whereas there is a un-balance in the power distribution, linked to a managerial power increase. Trough a case study about Bank of America, we study the protests around executive pay, before concluding and questioning ourselves about the economic sense of compensation packages.

The compensation of chief executive officers has long been an alluring and controversial topic, especially in light of the rapid rise in CEO earnings over the past several decades, which has provoked discussion on the manner in which CEOs are monetarily rewarded. Recently, university presidents have joined company CEOs in the public spotlight, as increasing levels of compensation for college presidents have also sparked scrutiny and debate. This paper examines the determinants behind CEO compensation and investigates the extent to which insights on these factors compare to the compensation determinants of chief executives at universities. Ultimately, this study finds similarities between the determinants of compensation for these two executive groups, specifically in the significance of organization size, type, and performance, as well as personal executive characteristics such as gender and tenure. The findings therefore suggest that these executives have similar job responsibilities, and the results also possess important insights and applications to relevant issues regarding executive compensation.

This paper tries to search for a moral justification for the compensation of the imprudent. It argues that it is not necessary for individuals to be prudent to have access to wealth and incomes.  It argues that as far as individuals are participating in common social venture, this in itself should be considered as a criterion for allowing them from having access to wealth and incomes.  It argues, basically, against luck egalitarianism. Luck egalitarianism argues that effort should be the central criterion for having access to goods and services. But this will exclude individuals from having access to goods and services, if they are imprudent and this is unfair. The paper argues that since access to goods and services are central to live a meaningful life other criterion has to be introducing as criterion for distributing of goods and services. I propose that some kind of independent agreement among the participant of a common social venture could be used as a criterion for compensating if anyone fails in his option luck.  The content of the agreement could be that some percent of (say 25%) of the initial capital has to be compensated for individuals if he fails in his effort. Having proposed this I have argued that the flower farmers should be compensated even if they fail in the flower industry.

This research develops a methodology for enhancing the performance of a precision computer numerically controlled (CNC) machine tool. The ability to precisely maintain the desired relative position between the cutting tool and the workpiece along the cutting trajectory has a major impact on the dimensional accuracy of the finished part. It is important to ensure that the workpiece geometry satisfies tolerances before removing it from the machine tool. Traditional manufacturing procedures do not catch bad parts until the post-process inspection stage, when the part has already been removed from the setup. Subsequent attempts at re-machining require that the workpiece be re-fixtured back on the machine which often introduces more error into the process. The objective of this research is to develop a methodology that integrates pre-process calibration and process-intermittent gaging to enhance the ability of a two-axis vertical turning center to cut a circular arc. The developed methodology is straightforward and integrates the usage of commercially available instrumentation such as the ball bar and on-machine probe for error identification, prediction, and compensation.

Recently, on faced with the globalization competition tendency and university¡¦s expenditure is increasing but government¡¦s budget is decreasing. To improve current compensation system, promoting the quality of higher education. The purposes of this study were : 1. to investigate teacher¡¦s views on the current compensation system of national university. 2. to find what need to improvement on current compensation system. 3. to investigate teacher¡¦s views on the future different between teacher and public servants. 4. to propose some suggestions that could be used for reference of current compensation system. The study used detailed personal interview. After interviewed, the study propose four conclusions on : 1. views on the current compensation system. 2. views on the current reward system. 3. views on the future different between teacher and public servants. 4. influences on university legal person. Finally, propose some suggestions on interview¡¦s items and design on teacher¡¦s compensation system in the national university.

None

Displacement information is important in dynamic image analysis. The method of optical flow has been well applied to compute the displacement in the field of computer vision. We apply the method of optical flow to compute the displacement information for video compression. We can predict the optical flow between picture 2 and picture 3 by the optical flow between picture 1 and picture 2 by using the principle of inertia. Using the predicted optical flow between picture 2 and picture 3, we can recover a rough version of picture 3. This version can be taken as a reference picture for encoding picture 3. This reference will decrease the compensation information in the following stage, and then improve the compression ratio of MPEG . We modified the traditional optical flow of Horn & Schunck to a regional optical flow by segmentation. Then, the displacement information could be reduced. The picture is recovered by the optical flow in a modified way because some objects couldn¡¦t move in the same direction and velocity. We propose two methods in optical flow prediction. One is the complete information: shape and value. The other is shape only with value recomputed and extra encoded. Experiments demonstrate a better compression ratio of 1% for our motion compensation than the regular motion compensation.

The enterprise organizes and the related system need to adjust in accordance to the policy and the management¡A is following the product or in the service demand large fluctuation process¡A the staff population demand along with it fluctuation¡A in the related system is also biggest by the salary system to enterprise's transport business cost impact¡A the influence is also profoundest to the staff. Therefore the present paper is for the purpose of by the case analysis discussion enterprise development process¡A when organization system faced with significant transformation¡A salary system how appropriately in accordance to transformation and adjustment¡A and control related transformation theory and decision-making process.

none

Zugl.: Diss.