The main objective of this study is to examine the characteristics of the literature of Indonesian Economics, Indonesian Agricultural Development Economics, and Indonesian Demography. The data used are the references made by Ph.D. and master's candidates in these three subject fields in their theses, which were submitted to the Australian National University during the period from 1971 to 1981. At first the references were examined according to four researcher groups : Ph.D.'s in Indonesia Economics (Ph.D Indec); Masters of Agricultural Development Economics (MADE), with Indonesia as the subject area; Ph. D.'s in Demography (PhD Demog), with Indonesia as the subject area; Masters of Arts in Demography ( MAD ), with Indonesia as the subject area. The results indicate that the literature referred to by the four researcher groups has many of the same characteristics, as well as/ a high degree of relationship amongst them. Therefore, the references made by the four researcher groups were combined. In total, there were 5235 references from 42 theses. It was found that 54.48% of the references were to monographs and 44.85% were to serials. Academic research centres, which contributed 21.32% to the literature of the four researcher groups, constituted the major source' institution, slightly above the contribution of commercial publishers. The United States was the most important source country, contributing 35.28%; and Indonesia was the second most important, contributing 25.86%. The main language used was English, accounting for 82.35% with Indonesian the second, accounting for 15.01%. Materials of up to 10 years old accounted for 68.41% of the total.

Recently, on faced with the globalization competition tendency and university¡¦s expenditure is increasing but government¡¦s budget is decreasing. To improve current compensation system, promoting the quality of higher education. The purposes of this study were : 1. to investigate teacher¡¦s views on the current compensation system of national university. 2. to find what need to improvement on current compensation system. 3. to investigate teacher¡¦s views on the future different between teacher and public servants. 4. to propose some suggestions that could be used for reference of current compensation system. The study used detailed personal interview. After interviewed, the study propose four conclusions on : 1. views on the current compensation system. 2. views on the current reward system. 3. views on the future different between teacher and public servants. 4. influences on university legal person. Finally, propose some suggestions on interview¡¦s items and design on teacher¡¦s compensation system in the national university.

The present study attempted to investigate the usage of libraries by overseas students. The research was carried out in two universities in the ACT, namely, the Australian National University (ANU) and the University of Canberra (UC). The study investigated two main aspects: the use of institutional as well as other libraries in the ACT, and the difficulties encountered in utilising institutional libraries. These two aspects were also treated as the dependent variables. Relationships between these two dependent variables and the following characteristics, which were regarded as the independent variables, were tested: the institution attended (ANU or UC), having had library orientation in the institution attended, previous use of libraries, mediums of instructions in previous educational institutions, level of study, year of study, period of time spent in Australia, gender, and age. The research used survey methodology. A questionnaire was sent to a sample of 521 overseas students and a response rate of 72 percent was obtained. With regard to the use of institutional libraries, it was found that most students visited their libraries more than once a week. The three most used library facilities were borrowing books, use of library staff for assistance and the short loan service, while the three least used facilities were inhouse information sheets, abstracts and indexes, and CD-ROM databases. The three most used libraries in the ACT in descending order were the ANU library system, the National library of Australia, and the University of Canberra library. Difficulties encountered in utilising institutional libraries included difficulty in utilising library facilities, difficulty with library rules and regulations, difficulty in looking for required materials in the libraries, unsuccessful library visits, difficulties as a result of English being a second language, difficulty following the layout of the libraries and perception of the libraries' atmosphere. Relationships were found between some of the independent variables and the dependent variables. In some cases, the findings were expected while in other cases they were unexpected. With the unexpected findings, it is possible that one or more independent variables, other than the ones under consideration, influenced the findings thus leading to surprising results. The study concludes with recommendations and suggestions for further research.

Information literacy skills are a necessity among university students, hence information literacy instructors should keep abreast with the 21st century information literacy curriculum, its delivery and assessment. The study investigated information literacy training and its needs at NUL. The purpose was to investigate information literacy curriculum, delivery and assessment at the National University of Lesotho. Guided by the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) information literacy framework for higher education, the study sought to establish the extent to which the NUL information literacy programme considers ACRL frames or any other standard of relevance. The study adopted a qualitative approach using a phenomenology research design. Data was collected from NUL Subject Librarians through focus group discussions and one on one interview with the Lecturers. Data was generated from structured interview questions; analysed manually and presented in an interpretative form such that participants’ responses were tabulated under subheadings corresponding to the items from the research instruments that were formulated from the research questions. Major findings are that there is no information literacy programme in place hence there is no specific curriculum at NUL, as a result there is also no benchmarking. NUL Subject Librarians take initiative to improvise information literacy content; they use lecture mode and library tours as their predominant mode of information literacy teaching and learning. Although there is a Communication Skills Course meant to assist students with information and communication skills, students struggle to search for information; they are even unable to consult a variety of information sources. The study therefore recommends NUL Library to establish a clear information literacy training programme that is delivered in collaboration with academic staff. It is further recommended that Subject Librarians should contribute to the content of the Communication Skills Course.

In this thesis we aim to study the librarians’ and library users’ views on librarianship and the library at National University of Rwanda. Accordingly, we have gathered information from these groups. The information is based on qualitative interviews as well as observations and participation in a work group for library promotion. The latter made it possible to investigate how respondents consider these issues and how librarians’ self image is expressed in their daily work and in promotion. We analyze the most important frame factors that impede on librarians’ self image and library users’ perception of library services. This makes it possible to understand what probably affects the actual situation at NUR’s library. Marked impeding frame factors established are for example the economy and the organization. Information provided through this thesis could to be shared among library personnel and used as a base for their further development of library services. Our thesis points out library users’ opinions about the library in general as well as the areas that are most critical to improve. These areas are service at the circulation desk, acquisitions and courses in how to retrieve information. It also points out the need for a more explicit professional librarian identity and that the librarians need to work more as knowledge librarians. An explicit identity would imply unified library personnel that would make it possible to work towards common goals and clarify how to conduct daily work.

This thesis describes a qualitative action research process undertaken ‘in the field’ over approximately eight years of the development of an alternative paradigm for music education. This new paradigm evolved from a simple, practical approach that was not, in the first instance, designed to be transformational, but which quickly showed itself to have potential for providing a different model for conceptualising musical engagement. ¶ It is argued that the standard and widely accepted approach to music education has aspects that does not encourage on-going music making. This study conceptualises that ‘traditional’ Western approach in terms of a ‘virtuosic mountain’ that prioritises and rewards technical achievement. The concept of the virtuosic mountain is developed in terms of three ‘P’s’: Perfection, Practice and Performance. The concept was developed by not just reviewing current literature but also by analysing that literature in light of the developing new paradigm as a means of comparing and contrasting the approaches. ¶ Called ‘The Music Education Program’, this new paradigm is based on a practical approach to the sharing of music making beyond institutional boundaries like the school gate. Children do not ‘perform’ in the community but seek to engage others in making music with them without reference to age, disability or skill level. The focus is on the social outcomes that derive from music making rather than the improvement of skills, which develop as a natural part of community engagement. In this respect, the approach has roots in community enculturation processes that are no longer prominent in Western society. ¶ The new paradigm is presented with a contrasting set of ‘three I’s’: Intent, Identity and Involvement, which are designed to illustrate how the community ‘outreach’ of the Music Education Program provides a model for consciously reconceptualising our approach to music education through re-visiting what might be regarded as ‘old’ practices in a ‘new’ guise. The three ‘I’s’ are illustrated through a series of critical incidents that highlight the necessary change in theoretical underpinnings that the practical application of the Program demands. This includes a particular focus on the Intent behind our music making, rather than the ‘quality’ in terms of technomusical outcomes; stress on the individual and group choices that develop musical Identity; and demonstration of the ways in which this paradigm may contribute to voluntary, rather than enforced, Involvement. ¶ The critical incident data is supplemented by some survey and evaluation data which supports the view that the social component of musical engagement provides an alternate focus to musical development than does an achievement paradigm. The range of data collected shows that classroom teachers can take a significant role in the encouragement of music making in the primary school without relying solely on the expertise of those with specific musical training; and that overcoming negative attitudes and experiences can transform not only the teacher’s relationship with music but produce a positive effect on her students. ¶ The model described here has evolved through a longitudinal process that constantly maintains the centrality of the practical operation of the program. In so doing, it moves away from theoretical constructs that often do not seem to relate directly to practitioners but, at the same time, it avoids prescriptive methodology. Theory is elucidated through practice in a way that encourages teachers to develop their own practices that are consistent with underlying principles. This model is transformative in nature, having first a transformative effect on the principal researcher and thence on those teachers engaging in professional development with the Program. ¶ Since the Music Education Program does not yet have students who have exited the school system, this study does not attempt to claim success in the long-term in terms of promoting ongoing engagement through life. Data suggest, however, that it has had an impact in encouraging teachers to reconnect with music making and enables them to share that music making with their students, thereby helping to develop more school-based musical engagement that is also affecting the broader community in the Australian Capital Territory.

This field study is about well-being. It examines the proposition that exercise is a pathway to well-being. Participants in two "keep fit" groups at the Australian National University Sports Union and members of Lifestyle health and fitness club in Woden, Canberra, A.C.T. provided the population for the study. A critical review of the literature on well-being suggests that a number of differing perspectives exist and that these should be clarified before commencing such a study. The existence of multidimensional indices of well-being points to the use of a holistic model of well-being but did not provide an existing methodology. Therefore an experimental method was attempted using established and open-ended questionnaires. In addition, a short participant observation study of exercise programming in the A.N.U. groups was carried out. Implications for future studies of well-being are drawn, particularly suggesting that existing tools designed for special unidimensional examinations are inherently unsuitable. The development of new research tools to evaluate the different dimensions of well-being which together form the whole are foreshadowed.

In order to mitigate the burden of government expenditure and improve the management of university, national universities in Taiwan have implemented the system of University Endowment Fund. The establishment of University Endowment Fund System has enacted for 16 years since 1996. The maintenance of National University mostly depends on government support in the past. And the college maintenance fund turned into half government support and half self-raised fund after the University Endowment Fund System has been enact. The investment gain is the most undeveloped item in five self-raised items. Most of National universities take bank deposit as its only investment. As a result, this paper aims to study about university investment. Investigate the latest law and regulation of national university and find the characteristic of college investment. Take National Sun Yat-sen University for example and establish the investment policy for national university. Select appropriate invest stock for National Sun Yat-sen University, and the select mechanism depends on the investment policy. Take the cash dividend to improve the financial income. The University Endowment Fund can improve its asset allocation gradually in the future.

Nowadays, change becomes more and more a continuous basis of the educational systems for their improvement. People increasingly need to tackle and cope with their organisational environments which are complex and dynamic. However, the problem is to know how to move from the status quo to the situation wherein all stakeholders should work both individually and collaboratively as inquirers and learners to investigate and solve problems. My case study is located at the heart of this context. Its purpose was to investigate why and how the process of curriculum change was managed in the National University of Rwanda from 1995. In addition, it aimed to identify how the University community should come together to handle curriculum change as an ongoing feature of improvement, and as a learning organisation. This research was carried out through a triangulation of participant observation, documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews. Throughout my case study, I observed that orientations and needs for changing the curricula in the National University of Rwanda essentially stemmed from the situation inherited from the war, genocide and massacres undergone by the country in 1994. Furthermore, initiating curriculum change came from the top management, while the basic organ to deal with development and its implementation was the Department. I noted also that it is likely the National University of Rwanda focused more on changing curriculum frameworks than changing organisational habits, behaviours, values, skills and beliefs. Although the shift to the new culture is at the centre of a learning organisation, most of the time this aspect is left untouched in practice. As lecturers in a professional organisation such as the National University of Rwanda have the skills and control over their own work, I conclude that they are in a position to play a vital role to manage curriculum change, learn from it, help students and other stakeholders learn from and take part within it. / Thesis (M.Ed.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2001.

La expansión de Lima y el centralismo han generado el aumento de universidades, es por eso que muchos jóvenes deciden dejar sus provincias y buscar mejores oportunidades en la capital, sin embargo muchos estudiantes al no tener un lugar donde vivir, tienen la necesidad de buscar alojamientos que no cumplen con las necesidades básicas. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal desarrollar un proyecto de rehabilitación de la Residencia universitaria de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos con la finalidad de crear espacios de habitad y condiciones adecuadas para el buen desenvolvimiento del universitario. Por otro lado se buscará rediseñar las áreas comunes, proponiendo nuevos espacios como: salas de estudio, de visitas y de entretenimiento con el fin de fomentar la socialización entre estudiantes, así mismo se diseñarán las habitaciones con todas las comodidades logrando que estos espacios sean aptos para el descanso de los residentes. También se plateará espacios relación interior – exterior para romper con el lugar cerrado así los estudiantes logren tener contacto con la naturaleza. Para lograr el objetivo, se utilizaran estrategias de diseño como: aperturas y volúmenes por dentro y fuera de la edificación con el fin de generar una distribución dinámica y diferentes experiencias espaciales para los residentes. También se propone paneles con persianas corredizas en la fachada con el propósito de controlar el ingreso del calor y la luz solar a la residencia, igualmente brindar una estética arquitectónica a la fachada. / The expansion of Lima and centralism have generated the increase of universities, that is why many young people decide to leave their provinces and look for better opportunities inthe capital, however, many students do not have a place to live, they need to look for accommodations that don't meet basic needs. This work aims to develop a project to rehabilitate the University Residence of the UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS in order to create spaces of habitat and conditions suitable for the good development of the student. On the other hand, we will redesign the common areas, proposing new spaces such as study rooms, visitors and entertainment to promote socialization among students. Likewise, the design of the rooms will provide all the comfort needed, making this spaces suitable for residents. The protect also proposes spaces with indoor-outdoor relationship spaces to break with the enclosed place so that students can have contact with nature. To achieve the goal, design strategies such as the following will be used: openings and volumes inside and outside the building will be used to generate a dynamic distribution and different spatial experiences for students. Panels with sliding shutters are also proposed on the facade to control the ingress of heat and sunlight to the residence, also providing an architectural aesthetic to the facade. / Tesis