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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Métodos de ensayo de las fibras artificiales

Riba Arderiu, Jordi 01 January 1949 (has links)
En este trabajo se investigan las peculiaridades del comportamiento elástico de los filamentos de rayón, que difiere grandemente del de las fibras naturales.Es un resumen de una extensa labor de recopilación bibliográfica, de investiga-ción y de ensayo realizada en 1949 por el autor en una fábrica de tejidos de seda y de rayón de Palma de Mallorca de la cual era Director Técnico. Basándose en el material reunido, el autor pronunció una conferencia sobre este tema en una Velada Técnica organizada por la Asociación Nacional de Ingenieros de Industrias Textiles, el 30 de Mayo de 1949. Un resumen de lo expuesto en ella fue publicado más tarde, en forma de articulo en la revista Ingeniería Textil (nº 80, Noviembre - Diciembre 1949). Se adjunta un ejemplar de la misma.En la época en que se realizó este estudio, aunque ya era corriente en la industria el uso de los distintos tipos de rayón, aún no habían sido bien estudiadas muchas de las propiedades mecánicas de éstos. En particular, la noción de "tiempo" contenida en los conceptos de "alargamiento diferido" y "recuperación diferida" (elasticidad diferida) así como su gran influencia sobre los resultados de las mediciones dinamométricas, constituían una novedad en aquellas fechas.La posterior aparición de las fibras sintéticas y de ciertas materias plásticas, ha si-tuado en primer plano todos estos conceptos que ya habían alcanzado importancia con las fibras artificiales. Los conceptos expresados por el que suscribe en la conferencia y el artículo mencionados, han sido más tarde confirmados y utilizados por otros autores siendo actualmente de uso común.Los métodos estadístico-matemáticos, que habrían resultado muy apropiados para determinar el grado de significación de los ensayos efectuados, no fueron utilizados en este estudio ya que no eran todavía usuales en nuestro país en la época en que fué rea-lizado. / The present paper is a report on the peculiarity of elastic behavior in rayon fibers, which differs very much from such behavior in natural fibers. This research is the summary of extensive work on the bibliography, research and experimental work done by the author in 1949 in a silk and rayon fabric manufactory in Palma de Mallorca, where the author was the technical director. Based on this research, the author gave a conference on the subject in a Technical Ses-sion organized by the Asociación Nacional de Ingenieros de Industrias Textiles (Na-tional Association Engineers of Textile Industries, Spain), on 30 May 1949. The con-ference material was published later as an article in the journal "Ingeniería Textil" (Nº 80, November - December 1949). In spite of the fact that the industry habitually used several types of rayon when this study was originally done, the mechanical properties of these fibers have still not been adequately studied. In particular, the notion of "time" embedded in the concepts of "deferred extension" and "deferred recovery" (deferred elasticity), and their significant influence on the results of dynamometric measures, were novel at that time.The later appearance of synthetic fibers and plastic materials foregrounded these con-cepts, which have remained important in the field of artificial fibers. The concepts ex-amined by the author have lately been confirmed and used by other researchers and are currently in common use.The statistical-mathematical methods that would have been very appropriate for de-termining the signification of the tests done at that early period had not been used in the original study because they were unusual at that time and in our country. This research was motivated by a number of problems and special difficulties that in-volve the manipulation of artificial fibers, mainly rayon.Many phenomena that cause important defects often seem to have no logical explana-tion and frequently induce one to think that the same causes do not always correspond to the same effects. However, that is not true. What in fact is the case is that artificial fibers are recent in industry, and their properties greatly differ from the concepts and norms considered basic and definitive until now. In particular, the concept of "elasticity" is too simple and primitive to explain the var-ied phenomena that take place in artificial fibers submitted to stresses of different kinds. In this article, we propose to enlarge this concept, placing a special emphasis on the relations between elasticity and the factors time and hygrometric state.

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