Diploma thesis describes the design of main structure reinforcement of the railway bridge ,,Gagarin’’ in the 5,872 km of route Český Těšín – Ostrava Kunčice. Reinforcement is achieved by combination of composite slab-shaped channel with the continuous gravel ballast and free additional prestressing cables. There are 3 variants for which the design and assessment of main structure is performed. Evaluation of the options is performed on basis of calculations. There are made additional calculations and drawings for best variant.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:09:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2650.pdf: 5740203 bytes, checksum: 7179b3cceecc59296850ba33bcd2404f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-28 / This work is aimed at studying slab systems for steel structures by assessing massive conventional slab, framed slab, pre-cast slabs, compsite slab systems and other systems of steel and concrete. Characteristics as well as structural and building advantages and disadvantages of each slab system for steel structures usage are addressed. Based on a defined architecture, a structural project will be developed in which the main structure (columns and beams) is supported by steel structure, and several solutions using different slab systems will be technically presented according to the methodology for mounting them, execution, and cost comparisons. A more realistic evaluation of each slab system studied was sought by comparing them to each other in terms of structural behaviour, building techniques, and cost. / Este trabalho tem como proposta estudar os sistemas de lajes para estruturas metálicas, avaliando as lajes convencionais maciças, as lajes treliçadas e pré-moldadas, a laje mista com forma de aço e outros sistemas de laje mista de aço e concreto (pavimento misto). Apresentam-se e discutem-se características, vantagens e desvantagens estruturais e construtivas de cada sistema de laje, quando usado em estruturas metálicas. Baseado numa arquitetura definida, será desenvolvido o projeto estrutural, com a estrutura principal (pilares e vigas) em estrutura metálica e com as diversas soluções em laje, avaliando tecnicamente a metodologia de montagem e execução e comparando custos envolvidos. Busca-se uma avaliação mais realista, para cada sistema de laje estudado, comparando as lajes entre si, no que diz respeito ao comportamento estrutural, às técnicas construtivas e ao custo.

This diploma thesis deals with the design and assessment of the steel structure of the administrative building. The building is situated in Svitavy. The construction has several floors, the ground plan is L-shaped. Other floors have a rectangular ground plan. The external ground plan dimensions of the building are 55.2 m × 72 m. The building has terraces and three height levels occupied. At the first height level the building reaches 5 floors, the other 7 floors and the top 9 floors. the main material will be S235 steel on the construction.

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Purpose: In 2016, the construction industry produced 21% of Sweden's total carbon dioxide emissions. To reduce these emissions, an alternative is to choose building components from an environmental perspective. At the same time, the client of the building wants to keep the costs of production down. An multi criteria analysis is a tool for weighing different aspects against each other. In this report environmental aspects and the economic aspects of three different slabs will be compared and analyzed to facilitate the choice of slabs. The slabs that have been analyzed are solid concrete slabs, filigree floor slabs and composite slabs of wood and concrete. Method: The report is based on a reference project of an office building with a span of 6 m and an area of 1000 m2 located in Jönköping. This information is used for calculating requirements and transport. To obtain the desired results, an Life Cycle Assessment and a cost analysis have been performed along with a document analysis as well as contact with suppliers of the slabs. The results from the Life Cycle Assessment and the cost analysis were then used to perform an multi criteria analysis where the various aspects were weighed together. Interviews were conducted to strengthen the weighing in multi criteria analysis and to find out how the choice of beams currently applies to the company PEAB. Findings: The results from the document analysis show that filigree floor slabs are the most advantageous when it comes to finances and that wood and concrete slabs are most advantageous from an environmental point of view. In the analysis of the empirical data collected from the interviews, it is shown that the financial aspect is more important and should be weighted higher than the environmental aspect in the multicriteria analysis. Multi criteria analysis shows that filigree floor is the most advantageous in both economy and environment. During the planning and in the choice of flooring, finances are one of the most important aspects, but also the working environment and the ease of installation. Implications: The conclusion of this report is that the filigree floor slabs are the most advantageous choice of floor slabs in terms of both economic and environmental aspects. This flooring is also shown to be the flooring that is often chosen for buildings similar to the work's reference project. This result is considered to be general for similar constructions as the reference project. Limitations: The work only considers the Life Cycle Assessment category Climate impact and greenhouse gases and considers only the period of cradle to gate (A1-A4). The costs that are calculated are for the purchase of flooring and materials, installation and transport / Syfte: Byggbranschen producerade år 2016 21% av Sveriges totala koldioxidutsläpp. För att minska dessa utsläpp är ett alternativ att välja byggdelar utifrån miljöperspektiv. Samtidigt vill byggherren hålla ner kostnaderna för produktionen. En multikriterieanalys är ett verktyg för att väga olika aspekter mot varandra. I detta arbete kommer miljöaspekter och de ekonomiska aspekterna för tre olika bjälklag att jämföras och analyseras för att underlätta vid val av bjälklag. Bjälklagen som analyserats är massivt betongbjälklag, plattbärlag samt samverkansbjälklag utav trä och betong. Metod: Arbetet utgår ifrån ett referensprojekt om en kontorsbyggnad med en spännvidd på 6 m och en yta på 1000 m2 beläget i Jönköping. Dessa uppgifter används för beräkning av krav samt transport. För att få fram de resultat som önskas har en livscykelanalys och en kostnadsanalys utförts utefter en dokumentanalys samt kontakt med leverantörer av bjälklagen. Resultatet ifrån livscykelanalysen och kostnadsanalysen användes sedan för att utföra en multikriterieanalys där de olika aspekterna vägdes samman. Intervjuer utfördes för att stärka vägningen i multikriterieanalysen samt för att få reda på hur valet av bjälklag går till för nuvarande på företaget PEAB. Resultat: Resultatet från dokumentanalysen visar att plattbärlag är det mest fördelaktiga när det gäller ekonomi och att samverkansbjälklag av trä och betong är mest fördelaktigt ur miljösynpunkt. I analysen av den insamlade empirin från intervjuerna visas det att ekonomiaspekten är viktigare och borde viktas högre än miljöaspekten i multikriterieanalysen. Multikriterieanalysen visar på att plattbärlag är det bjälklag som är mest fördelaktigt inom både ekonomi och miljö. Under projekteringen och i valet av bjälklag är ekonomi en av de viktigaste aspekterna men även arbetsmiljön och lättheten att montera. Konsekvenser: Slutsatsen av detta arbete är att plattbärlaget är det mest fördelaktiga valet av bjälklag med tanke på både ekonomi- och miljöaspekter. Detta bjälklag visas också vara det bjälklag som ofta väljs för byggnader liknande arbetets referensprojekt. Detta resultat anses vara generellt för liknande konstruktion som referensprojektet. Begränsningar: Arbetet tar enbart hänsyn till livscykelanalyskategorin Klimatpåverkan och växthusgaser och avser enbart vagga till grind (A1-A4). De kostnader som beräknas är för inköp av bjälklag och material, montering samt transport.

The subject of the submitted work is the experimental and theoretical investigation of composite slabs. The work also deals with creation of numerical models of composite slabs. The design of a new type of steel sheeting for composite slab according to nowadays standards requires full scale laboratory bending tests. An alternative to the bending tests are the small scale shear tests. The small scale shear tests as well as corresponding design methods have already been investigated by many researchers. Therefore several test arrangements and corresponding design methods can be found in literature but none of them is included in standards yet. The submitted thesis describes three of the alternative design methods: Slip- Block Test, Simplified Method and Built-up Bars. The test arrangement is proposed to be usable in all these methods. The small scale shear test have been performed in laboratory in several modifications. The results were used to calculate the bending resistance of the slab by the alternative design methods. The calculated bending resistances were mutually compared, compared with the performed bending tests resistances and the resistances by the methods described in Eurocode: m-k method and partial connection method. A sensitivity studies of the input parameters in alternative design methods are presented as well. The optimal design method for use in practice was searched and recommended based on the performed studies, accuracy and laboriousness of the methods. The shear tests were used also to measure longitudinal shear resistance of the additional shear anchors. The alternative design methods were used to predict bending resistance of the slab using these anchors and the results were compared. The numerical simulation of the composite action of the slab by the finite element methods is modelled in Atena software. The models serves to perform parametrical studies and to better understand of the behaviour of the slab in partial composite action.

Possibilities of modeling non-linear behavior of concrete within standard room temperatures and increased fire-load values using FEM software ANSYS are studied. Temperature dependences of material models are considered. Fire resistance of reinforced concrete and concrete-steel composite construction is analyzed. Fire loads are defined in accordance with relevant standards. Non-linear structural transient analyses are calculated after temperatures were determined by transient thermal analyses. Results obtained from analyses of simple reinforced concrete structure are compared with approach of isotherm 500 °C method.

The diploma thesis elaborates on the proposal of a loadbearing steel structure of a shopping centre. Four-storey building has total lenght of 88 m, width 48 m and its base structural grid is 8 x 8 m. The total height of building is 25,4 m. First three floors above ground are designed with structural height of 5,6 m whilst the 4TH floor uses height of 4,0 m. Frame structure is formed by primary beams and castellated secondary beams. Above 4TH floor, the roof structure is designed in two alternative versions, both using solid purlins and truss girder. The 3D computer animation of the building is also part of thesis. The shopping centre that is subject of the final thesis is located in Brno area.