This paper discusses my thesis piece Dear...,. It describes how the piece was put together and the deeper symbolism of aspects of the music.

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This dissertation presents the findings of an on-line survey completed by 222 FYC (First Year Composition) instructors at universities and community colleges across the United States along with supplemental information derived from multiple open-ended interviews with seven FYC instructors in Arizona. Both survey and interview questions were designed to accomplish three primary goals: to determine which conventions of academic English FYC instructors identify as most important; to understand the common problems encountered by instructors in teaching those conventions, and; to solicit instructors' perceptions about ways in which learning outcomes might be improved. Results indicate general consensus among FYC instructors on which skills are both the most critical to academic English proficiency and the most difficult for their students to learn. At the same time, the survey and interview responses reflect widespread dissatisfaction with the ways in which academic English sequences are currently structured, apparently related to the instructors' common perception that the sequences are only "somewhat" successful in terms of preparing students for successful academic writing. Accordingly, the overwhelming majority of FYC instructors suggest changes for increasing the effectiveness of their programs; however, there is surprisingly little agreement among them on what those changes should be. The concluding section of this study presents pragmatic suggestions - congruent with a number of the instructors' observations - for reconfiguring FYC sequences. Additionally, it is argued that, aside from the targeted skills addressed by the instructors, the survey and interview responses indicate that academic English has been implicitly invested with culture-specific values which should be made explicit in instruction and which, given the gatekeeping status of FYC courses, the increasing diversity of student populations and the growing divide between the academic and wider cultures, require critical examination.

Service composition integrates existing services to fulfill specific tasks using a set of standards and tools. Existing service composition techniques and tools are mainly designed for SOA professionals. The business processes used in the service composition systems are primarily designed by experienced business analysts who have extensive process knowledge. Process knowledge is the information about a process, including the tasks in a process, the control flow and data flow among tasks. It is challenging for end-users without sufficient service composition skills and process knowledge to find desired services then compose services to perform their daily activities, such as planning a trip. Context-aware techniques provide a promising way to help end-users find services using the context of end-users. However, existing context-aware techniques have limited support for dynamic adapting to new context types (e.g., location, time and activity) and context values (e.g., “New York City”). To shelter end-users from the complexity of service composition, we present our techniques that assist non-IT professional end-users in service composition by dynamically composing and recommending services to meet their requirements. To acquire the desired process knowledge for service composition, we propose an approach to automatically extract process knowledge from existing commercial applications on the Web. By analyzing the context of end-users, our techniques can dynamically adapt to new context types or values and provide personalized service recommendation for end-users. Instead of requiring end-users to specify detailed steps for service composition, the end-users only need to describe their goals using a few keywords. Our approach expands the meaning of an end-user's goal using process knowledge then derives a group of tasks to help the end-user fulfill the goal. The effectiveness of our proposed techniques is demonstrated through a set of case studies. / Thesis (Ph.D, Computing) -- Queen's University, 2011-09-30 11:43:39.151

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present paper has the goal evaluate the use of the disposal sheep meat in fitted meat and evaluate its lipid stability through the using of lemon balm bush extract (Lippia alba (Mill) NE Brown). In a first moment was accomplished a characterization of the lemon balm bush extract with the concentrations of 70%, 80% and 90% of ethanol, of their Phenol compositions and total Flavonoid. The extract were also characterized how about their antioxidant activity through the kidnap technique of free radical DPPH .After the extracts being compared the one that got a better result was used in concentrations 0,25%, 0,5% e 0,75% in the manufactured of fitted meat with disposal ovine meat than analyzed on refrigerated stored. The chemistry psycho analyses of the fitted meat were composed by humidity, protein, ash, fattening, pH, and water activity (Aw) TBARS, color and objective texture. The acceptable products tests were determined through the sensorial analysis by the multiple comparison test and acceptable index. The analysis were accomplished in the 1º, 10º, 20º and 30º days of store with the microbiology analysis The results gotten in the centesimal composition of products are according with the demand from the Brazilian Legislation related to the color of the product this presents a coloration with a reddish tonality that is darker and a ruddy with more predomination of red tonality (a*). The values gotten of pH (6,53±0,07) and Aw (0,93±0,004) are according with the expected to the production of fitted meat. The values gotten with Staphylococcus coagulase positive; Salmonella; Total Coliforms and fecal coliforms are founded in a low value to the established limits by the legislation. The acceptable index (IA%) to the attributes of color , flavor and texture were higher to 70%, however the aroma of the product to all the treatments presented the unsatisfied values what it could be more improved. Concluded that is possible elaborated a fitted meat based on ovine meat with the using of 60% of the hock meat and 40% of ovine pallet. / O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a utilização da carne ovina de descarte em embutido cozido e avaliar sua estabilidade lipídica através da utilização do extrato de ervacidreira-de-arbusto (Lippia alba (Mill) NE Brown). Em um primeiro momento realizou-se uma caracterização do extrato de erva-cidreira-de-arbusto extraído com as concentrações de 70%, 80% e 90% de etanol, de suas composições de fenólicos e flavonóides totais. Os extratos também foram caracterizados quanto a atividade antioxidante através da técnica sequestrante de radicais livre DPPH. Após os extratos serem comparados, o que obteve melhor resultado foi utilizado, nas concentrações de 0,25%, 0,5% e 0,75% na fabricação de embutidos cozidos com carne ovina de descarte sendo posteriormente analisadas sob armazenamento refrigerado. As análises físico-químicas dos embutidos foram compostas por umidade, proteínas, cinzas, gordura, pH , atividade de água (Aa) TBARS, cor e textura objetiva. Os testes de aceitabilidade dos produtos foram determinados através da análise sensorial pelo teste de comparação múltipla e índice de aceitabilidade. As análises foram realizadas nos 1º, 10º, 20º e 30º dias de armazenamento juntamente com as análises microbiológicas. Os resultados obtidos na composição centesimal dos produtos estão de acordo com o exigido pela legislação brasileira, com relação a cor do produto, este apresenta uma coloração com uma tonalidade mais avermelhada ou seja, mais escuro e de cor rósea com maior participação da tonalidade vermelho (a*). Os valores obtidos de pH (6,53±0,07) e Aw (0,93±0,004) estão de acordo com o esperado para a produção de embutidos cárneos. Os valores obtidos Staphylococcus coagulase positiva; Samonella; Coliformes totais e coliformes fecais encontram-se com valores inferiores aos limites estabelecidos pela legislação. Os índices de aceitabilidade (IA%) para os atributos de cor, sabor e textura dos produtos foram superiores a 70%, no entanto o aroma do produto para todos os tratamentos apresentou valores insatisfatórios, o que deve ser mais trabalhado. Conclui-se que é possível elaborar embutido cozido a base de carne ovina, com a utilização de 60% de carne do pernil e 40% de paleta ovina.

This paper responds to the development policy debate involving the World Bank and the IMF on the use of fiscal policy not only for economic stabilization but also to promote economic growth and increase per capita income. A key issue in this debate relates to the effect of the composition of public expenditure on economic growth. Policy makers and some researchers have argued that expenditure on growth-enhancing functions could enhance future revenue and justify the provision of "fiscal space" in the budget. But there are no simple ways to identify the growth-maximizing composition of public expenditure. The current paper lays out a research strategy to explore the effects of fiscal policy, including the composition of public expenditure, on economic growth, using a time series approach. Based on the modeling strategy of Greiner, Semmler and Gong (2005) we develop a general model that features a government that undertakes public expenditure on (a) education and health facilities which enhance human capital, (b) public infrastructure such as roads and bridges necessary for market activity, (c) public administration to support government functions, (d) transfers and public consumption facilities, and (e) debt service. The proposed model is numerically solved, calibrated and the impact of the composition of public expenditure on the long-run per capita income explored for low-, lower-middle- and uppermiddle-income countries. Policy implications and practical policy rules are spelled out, the extension to an estimable model indicated, a debt sustainability test proposed, and the out-of-steady-state dynamics studied.

Thesis (MMus (Music))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / This study represents a contribution to the subject-didactical review of three prominent compositions for the violin by three prominent South African composers, namely the Sonata on African Motives by Stefans Grové (1985), Luamerava by Hendrik Hofmeyr (2000) and the Concerto for violin and orchestra by Allan Stephenson (2007). The three composers are discussed with reference to biographical detail and broad compositional style, while the works are reviewed according to musicological aspects as well as violin specific didactical aspects. To avoid too much repetition, a chapter concerning technical issues and practice methods pertaining to all three works was added. In the Sonata on African Motives, Stefans Grové merges his “old” compositional style, in this work loosely represented by a lack of tonality and metre, as well as complicated use of rhythm, with his “new” African voice (1984-). The African voice, represented by a melody he overheard a black roadworker sing, ties the work together. The sonata consists of five movements, with the first and fourth movements, and the third and fifth movements linked through content. This work presents challenging ensemble playing, rhythmic detail, diverse timbre changes in the violin part, as well as pitch difficulty due to unusual intervals without tonal context. Hendrik Hofmeyr‟s Luamerava was commissioned by SAMRO for the overseas scholarship. The title refers to the last of the mythical Children of the Lost Star who lived in the Cariba gorge on the banks of the Zambezi river (according to Mutwa‟s description of the oral culture of the people of that region). The piece, like the Grové, is thus linked to Africa. The work was composed for solo violin, Hofmeyr makes the most of the lyrical and sonorous qualities of the instrument. Compared to the other two works studied, Luamerava presents the most advanced technical challenges, with extensive doublestopping being the main challenge. Allan Stephenson‟s Concerto differs significantly from the other two works studied in the sense that it is instantly appealing to the general music lover, mainly because of his use of easy flowing melodies. The concerto has, as is tradition, three movements. Although the work contains ample technical challenges, it is obvious that it was composed by a string player – both the extensive running passages and double stopping are quite possible to play once good fingerings have been found. In the discussion of these works, attempts at solving specific technical problems are made.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T18:53:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucas Stiegler Ribeiro.pdf: 498760 bytes, checksum: 74d931442efdc4e3e5b729a86d5c6b76 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-02 / The "Pinhão" bagasse, a residue from the starch extraction, has similar rheological characteristics to the main product. Many sources of starch modifications are investigated for various botanical sources, and worth mentioning, the enzymes modifications have been extensively studied due to their potential to form products with minimal waste. The study aims to characterize and modify the "Pinhão" bagasse, obtained after the starch extraction, using enzymatic treatment at different times. The centesimal composition results were very similar between the treated and untreated samples. Through the TG-DTA curves, it was observed the three characteristic steps of starch samples and confirmed their degradation complexity by the appearance of an asymmetric deformation ("shoulder") in some samples. DSC had an increase in the To and a decrease of Tp, Tc and ΔHgel for the modified samples. In RVA it was observed an increase of retrogradation after the modification. Most of the X-ray diffractograms of the ‘’pinhão’’ bagasse samples have shown starch A-type pattern. The SEM was confirmed an isolation of the starch granules of other compounds as fibre and protein, which were present in the native sample.The enzymatic treatment approached the properties of the bagasse to ones of the ‘’pinhão’’ starch, with similarities among the studied properties.With the obtained results , it can be affirmed that this treatment technique of the ‘’pinhão’’ bagasse may aggregate value to this biomass, which will increase the efficiency of the starch extracted from the Araucaria seed. / O bagaço de pinhão, resíduo decorrente da extração do amido desta semente, tem características reológicas similares ao produto principal. Muitas modificações em amidos foram investigadas de várias origens botânicas. As modificações enzimáticas têm sido extensivamente estudadas devido ao seu potencial de formar produtos com o mínimo de desperdício. Esse estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar e modificar o bagaço de Pinhão obtido após a extração do amido, usando tratamento enzimático por 12, 24 e 36h. Os resultados da composição centesimal foram muito similares entre as amostras tratadas e não tratadas. Por meio das curvas TG-DTA foram observadas as três etapas características da perda de massa para amostras de amido, confirmando a complexidade da degradação pela aparência de uma deformação assimétrica (ombro) nessas amostras. No DSC foi observado um aumento no valor de To e uma diminuição de Tp, Tc e ΔHgel para as amostras modificadas. Na análise RVA foi observado um aumento na retrogradação depois da modificação. A maioria dos difratogramas das amostras de bagaço de pinhão foram semelhantes aos padrões de amido do tipo ‘A’, característico de cereais, como milho e trigo. As micro-imagens MEV confirmaram o isolamento dos grânulos de amido dos outros compostos, como fibra e proteína, que estão presentes na amostra nativa. O tratamento enzimático possibilitou a aproximação das propriedades do bagaço às do amido de pinhão, com semelhança entre as propriedades estudadas. Com os resultados apresentados pode-se afirmar que esta técnica de tratamento do bagaço do pinhão pode agregar valor a essa biomassa, o que poderá aumentar o rendimento de amido extraído da semente da Araucária.