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Development of a liner-less composite CNG cylinder and improved mechanical properties of cylinder materials /Iqbal, Kosar. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-90). Also available in electronic version.
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Study of natural gas vehicles (NGV) during the fast fill processShipley, Eric. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 135 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 134-135).
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Alternative fuel vehicles : the case of compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles in California households /Abbanat, Brian Anthony. January 1900 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.S in Transportation Tecnology and Policy)--University of California, Davis, 2001. / "October 2001." Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-87). Also available online via the ITS Davis website (its.ucdavis.edu).
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Assessing the viability of compressed natural gas as a transportation fuel for light-duty vehicles in the United StatesKennedy, Castlen Moore 04 October 2011 (has links)
Recent optimistic revisions to projections for recoverable natural gas resources in the United States have generated renewed interest in the possibility of greater utilization of natural gas as a transportation fuel. Against a backdrop of significant policy challenges for the United States, including air quality concerns in urban areas, slow economic growth and high unemployment, and a rising unease with regard to an increasing dependence on foreign oil; natural gas offers the nation’s transportation sector an opportunity to reduce mobile emissions, lower fuel costs, create jobs and reduce dependence on imported oil.
While the current focus for expanded use of natural gas in the transportation sector emphasizes heavy duty and fleet vehicles, there may also be potential for increased use for passenger vehicles. Inconvenience, with regard to refueling, and high incremental vehicle costs, however, are seen as major obstacles to greater adaptation.
This analysis examines the benefits and drawbacks of natural gas vehicles from the passenger vehicle perspective and includes data from a cross-country road trip. The report includes a review of market trends and possible development scenarios and concludes with recommendations to minimize the potential challenges of greater adaptation of natural gas vehicles in the passenger vehicle market. / text
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Dual fuel conversion of a direct injection diesel enginePark, Talus. January 1999 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 96 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-62).
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Evaluation of light duty vehicle conversions to natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas : speciated and off-cycle emissions /Wu, Dien-yeh, January 1998 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 204-209). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.
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Exploration of compressed natural gas as an automotive fuel in NigeriaOgunlowo, Olufemi O. January 2016 (has links)
Flaring of associated gas, found during petroleum exploration and production in Nigeria, results in substantial environmental degradation, which endangers sustainable development and exposes the population to health hazards. In addition, it results in significant economic losses, especially from the opportunity cost of the disposed natural gas (NG). As part of the many initiatives to abate flaring and harness NG resources, the Nigerian government proposed the use of compressed natural gas (CNG) as an automotive fuel in 1997, but progress has been slow. This study investigates the barriers to use of CNG as an automotive fuel in Nigeria and how these can be overcome. It identified, validated, prioritized and built consensus on 29 barriers and 25 policy recommendations, using a combination of case study of selected countries, semi-structured interviews and a Delphi survey among participants who are key stakeholders in the energy and transportation sectors. Major hindrances identified include the absence of market coordination; lack of transparency and accountability; inexperience of the population with gas usage; lack of public awareness on the benefits of NG; artificial distortion of the economic benefits of CNG due to the subsidy on gasoline; focus on export market development to the detriment of the domestic market; absence of regulatory standards; poor infrastructure; and an old and dilapidated national vehicle fleet. There was no convergence on the impact of insecurity of human and material resources caused by militancy and pipeline vandalism in the oil producing areas, despite widespread views of the negative effect on the oil and gas industry generally. Based on the consensus built among study participants, the study recommends 12 policy interventions, which might stimulate growth in the use of CNG as automotive fuel; these comprise specific energy market reforms, fiscal and operational incentives, transportation sector reforms and the creation/building of public awareness.
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The effects of fuels and test cycles on light-duty vehicle exhaust emissionsKelly, Kenneth John January 1998 (has links)
No description available.
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Optimal approach to energy management and gas delivery of a compressed natural gas stationKagiri, Charles Muiruri January 2019 (has links)
The global growth in demand for transportation has been phenomenal, owing to an exponential
increase in population, industrialization and urbanization. This has led to a corresponding increase in
the number of motor vehicles on the roads globally which has made the transport industry one of the
main contributors to environmental pollution and energy insecurity. The profile of alternative fuels
has been rising as an important component of the solutions to the challenge of energy sustainability.
Compressed natural gas is one of the most successful alternative fuels for motor vehicle applications
because of its compatibility with the internal combustion engine, reduced engine maintenance costs,
reduced criteria air pollutants, low cost, abundance and the existence of renewable sourced natural gas
from biomass. The infrastructure for the delivery of compressed natural gas forms part of the primary
energy supply network, which has a significant interdependence with the electricity supply network.
The compressed natural gas fuelling station is one of the vital nodes of the gas delivery network, that
is also reliant on the electricity supply due to the energy intensive compressors that are required to
achieve the right pressure conditions for gas transfer to vehicle tanks.
At the same time, the increase in human population, industrialization, urbanization and market volatility
have threatened the reliability and stability of electricity supply networks. Traditional reliance on
supply upgrading to meet rising demand has proven to be unsustainable due to prohibitively high costs
and associated environmental impact. As a result, demand side management solutions, where better use
of the existing capacity is emphasized have received increasing attention. Demand side management
requires that electricity consumers also play a role in the efficient operation of the electricity grid by
minimizing their electricity usage as well as shifting their flexible loads away from peak electricity
demand periods, so that grid stability is sustained.
In order to participate in demand side management initiatives, operators of compressed natural gas
stations need technically and economically sound strategies for the operation of station compressors
and system components so that energy costs are minimized and gas transfer performance is enhanced.
The compressed natural gas fast-fill station, being the most used configuration for commercial fuelling
service is the focus of the work carried out in this thesis, with a description of solutions to minimize
energy consumption, minimize energy costs and improve gas transfer performance through reduction
of filling time.
For this purpose, firstly, an optimal control strategy that minimizes energy cost by shifting the compressor
load optimally away from the peak electricity pricing period under a time-of-use electricity
tariff, while meeting the gas demand is modelled and evaluated. The controller further minimizes the
switching frequency of the compressor thereby avoiding an increase in wear and tear which would
lead to higher maintenance costs. The results show the effectiveness of the optimal operation model to
achieve a huge reduction in electricity cost for the compressed natural gas station, when compressor-on
time is shifted to offpeak and standard electricity pricing times. Further strategies for the minimization
of switching frequency are compared and the superior approach identified.
Secondly, a hierarchical operation optimization model is designed and evaluated. The strategy achieves
minimized electricity cost and optimal vehicle filling time by optimally controlling the gas dispenser
and priority panel valve function under an optimised schedule of compressor operation. The results
show that the proposed approach is effective in achieving a minimum electricity costs in the upper
layer optimisation while meeting vehicle gas demand over the control horizon. Further, a reduction in
filling time is achieved through a lower layer model predictive control of the pressure-ratio-dependent
fuelling process.
Thirdly, an evaluation of compressor optimal sizing is carried out to minimize energy consumption
and cascade the benefits of optimal operation of the compressed natural gas compressor under the
time-of-use tariff. A comparison of the implication of using a variable speed drive or a fixed speed
drive which are optimally sized is carried out. Results show that indeed further reduction in electricity
costs for the compressed natural gas station is realized when optimally sized compressor drives are
used in combination with optimal operation strategies. Additionally, the four line priority panel is
evaluated for gas transfer performance and found to further increase the efficiency of vehicle fuelling
which is a performance indicator for consumer convenience.
The outcomes of this work demonstrate the effectiveness of the approaches proposed as necessary
to integrate compressed natural gas stations, which are vital nodes of the gas delivery network,
with the demand side management of the electricity grid while at the same time enhancing the gas
transfer performance. This increases the economic efficiency of the compressed natural gas as an
alternative fuel and also advances the goals of demand side management in electricity grid reliability
and stability. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / PhD / Unrestricted
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Analýza nákupu CNG vozidel skupinou RWE v České republice / Analysis of the vehicles on compressed natural gas purchased by RWE CZ GroupBartejsová, Vladimíra January 2009 (has links)
This paper analyses the purchase and operation of vehicles on compressed natural gas. It contains a definition of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and discusses the various phases of its use in transport. It indicates the differences of this alternative fuel compared to traditional fuel such as gasoline or diesel. Then it focuses on the main reasons to support the use of compressed natural gas transport and talks about the legislation which has a major role in the development of alternative fuels. Then it specifies the disadvantages which can be associated with its use in transport. The last section includes an analysis on the specific example of the RWE CZ Group, which compares the different costs for compressed natural gas vehicles and vehicles which run on conventional fuel. Specifically the cost per kilometer of vehicle, CO2 emission and purchase price are given for comparison.
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