Loans originated to borrowers with lower incomes and/or lower credit scores are classified as subprime. The spatial distribution of subprime loans is alarmingly concentrated in minority-dominated and low-income areas. Beginning in mid 2006 the subprime mortgage market began to see elevated levels of delinquent and defaulted loans. The causes are many but generally traced to the beginning of the reset periods for adjustable rate mortgages and the evaporation of demand for securitized subprime mortgages. As delinquent and default rates in subprime mortgages rise, areas with a concentration of high-risk borrowers are at risk to decline. The decline can be measured across four different groups of factors that indicate the health of a community. The four groups are: physical, institutional, socioeconomic and the residential body. The residential body factor group refers to the citizens of a community and their civic involvement. The analysis uses binary logistic regression to identify communities that are commonly associated with subprime mortgage defaults. Subprime loans in the ten-county Atlanta Metropolitan Area are the focus of the study. The analysis treats each census tract in the ten counties as an individual community. The sample loans are geocoded to the census tract level allowing defaulted loans to be tied to communities and their characteristics. The data is collected from a variety of sources including the U.S. Census Bureau, the Atlanta Regional Commission and RR Donnelley s Credit Risk Management database. The results indicate that the probability of subprime mortgage defaults are associated with higher vacancy rates, population loss, declining property tax revenues, depreciating property values, and declining owner reinvestment in their properties. Potential spill over impacts to the community include higher crime rates, decreased school funding and degradation of public infrastructure.

Cette thèse propose une lecture historique du statut du musicien dans la cité – entendue comme une communauté politique organisée autour de la volonté du vivre-ensemble –, selon la conception qu’en avait les anciens Grecs. L’étude de la fonction sociale du musicien depuis la préhistoire a permis de dégager aujourd'hui un nouveau paradigme : celui de médiateur ou de médium, en prise avec un milieu éco-techno-symbolique qu’il contribue à transformer, en rendant visibles les êtres humains qui l’habitent et en particulier les personnes marginalisées, exclues de la société ou en situation de vulnérabilité. L’éclairage probant des neurosciences autour du phénomène musical vient renforcer cette idée que la musique, en tant que langage du corps, peut agir concrètement sur les individus, sans cependant réduire l’humain à des considérations purement neuronales qui expliqueraient la contemplation ou la création de l’œuvre d’art comme le prétend la neuroesthétique. / This doctoral thesis put forward an historical reading of the musician’s status in the city. The ancient Greeks had another approach of the city, known as a political community organised around the willingness of « the community life ». The study of the musician’s social status since prehistory has allowed nowadays to shed light on a new paradigm. The musician became a mediator or a medium in conjunction with an economical, technological and symbolic environment, he contributes to a transformation, which makes visible the human beings inside the environment, in particular those marginalised, banned from the society or in situation of vulnerability. The neurosciences highlight this matter by strengthening this phenomenon. Indeed, the music considered as a body language can genuinely operate on people without reducing the human beings to neuronal attentions which can explain the contemplation or the creation of the art work, as neuroesthetics claim.