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Submitted by Caroline Falcao (caroline.rfalcao@ufpe.br) on 2016-05-31T19:09:38Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) 39A181f Dissertação.pdf: 13069244 bytes, checksum: 87ff5bbd9f60dbfee2e34960128b14d6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-31T19:09:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) 39A181f Dissertação.pdf: 13069244 bytes, checksum: 87ff5bbd9f60dbfee2e34960128b14d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1990 / A organização das instituições médicas e umbandistas no Brasil, acompanhou transformações sociais simultâneas a estruturação do Estado Nacional brasileiro, incipiente no século XIX. Na era Vargas, apesar da intensa repressão policial aos sistemas religiosos-terapeuticos populares, surgiram as primeiras federações de Umbanda, "embranquecedoras" dos cultos afro-brasileiros, e ao mesmo tempo, propiciadoras de que a nova religião resgatasse heterogêneos saberes e práticas de cura popular. Associado a uma analise histórica dos discursos de tais instituições, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo, no presente trabalho, onde ocorreram uma observação sistemática e entrevistas semi-diretivas com os agentes médicos e umbandistas da Uila de Ouro Preto, em Olinda. Nesta comunidade urbana, moderno-conteporânea, a Umbanda apareceu como uma religião cujas reelaborações internas evitaram a desagregação de elementos terapêuticos tradicionais. Por sua vez, a instituição médica, naquela vila, congruente com a Reforma Sanitaria do município, efetivada de 1982, apresentou uma continuidade no seu papel social de controle, através de uma avançada proposta de educação sanitária. Assim, tanto a analise histórica dos discursos, quanto análise de conteúdo das respectivas falas médicas e umbandistas na vila, procuraram interpretar a mediação simbólica, como estratégia de hegemonia e contra-hegemonia, entre relação de dominação de classes e mecanismos de persuasão, resistência e adaptação sócio-cultural.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Morphological properties, species specific differences, development, and function of egg envelopes are of importance for a better understanding of fertilization strategies as well as for captive reproduction. We reviewed morphology and the developmental stages of egg envelopes, mechanism of polyspermy block, and also the role of micropyle and cortical granules in polyspermy block for acipenserid eggs. The structure of the egg envelope is similar among the acipenserids, comprising an external envelope (thecal cells, basal lamina, and follicular epithelium), a five-layered oocyte envelope (adhesive layer, alveolar layer, epilayer, and zona radiata externa and interna) and a layer of oocyte matrix and cortical granules. The development of acipenserid egg envelope within the ovary comprises five stages, with further changes following fertilization. Moreover, we standardized the terminology used to describe the egg membranes which can minimize the confusions and be helpful for future work on acipenserids eggs as well as for other fish species. The sperm to egg ratio (required to fertilize eggs) and effects of pre-incubation of eggs in freshwater before fertilization were studied to standardized fertilization protocols for sterlet Acipenser ruthenus. Pre-incubation time had no effect on fertilization success at 430,000:1 and 43,000:1 sperm to egg ratios, while it was significant at the 4300:1 and 430:1 ratios. The use of adequate experimental suboptimal sperm to egg ratio revealed a positive effect of pre-incubation time, such that at the 430:1 ratio, 0.5 min pre-incubation increased the fertilization rate than 10 min. Transmission electron microscopy showed that pre-incubation of eggs in water for <10 min did not trigger a cortical reaction, suggesting that a low sperm to egg ratio 0.5 to 1 min pre-incubation of eggs in freshwater prior to fertilization can enhance fertilization rate of sterlet (minimally do not change fertilization). The effects of pre-incubation in seawater and the duration of egg receptivity were determined for fresh and over-ripe sea bass eggs. Our results revealed a significant effect of pre-incubation time for both the fresh (P < 0.01) and over-ripe eggs (P < 0.01). The fresh eggs had a higher fertilization success than over-ripe eggs. Fertilization success of eggs significantly declined for both of these treatments after 3 min of pre-incubation clearly indicated that sea bass eggs are able to be fertilized by sperm for up to 3 min after release into seawater. Effects of pre-incubation of eggs and activation medium on the percentage of eyed embryos for Ide Leuciscus idus were examined. At the eyed-egg stage, pre-incubation time was significant for the freshwater activation medium (P < 0.001), such that the percentage of eyed embryos declined across the pre-incubation time gradient. Activating medium had a significant effect on the percentage of eyed embryos for each pre-incubation time (P < 0.05). More precisely, freshwater produced the lowest percentage of eyed embryos at all pre-incubation times, whereas saline water and Woynarovich solution produced the highest percentage of eyed embryos at 0 s and 30 s before incubation. Examination of sperm traits showed no impact of activating medium on computer assisted sperm analysis parameters. Our results suggested that saline water or Woynarovich solution improve fertilization rate in Ide during fertilization. In conclusion, this thesis provides basic knowledge on gamete biology, role of egg receptivity period, effects of pre-incubation of eggs and different activating medium which can be useful to understand the fertilization strategies of different externally fertilizing fishes as well as standardize their fertilization protocol for captive reproduction.

The diploma thesis deals with the use of meristem cultures in garlic (Allium sativum) breeding. The source material was used variety Tantalum of garlic. The using material, before the isolation of meristem, was tested for the occurrence of viral diseases by immunological tests ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay), also known as EIA (Enzyme Immunoassay). The method used to detect antibodies and antigens. The material was tested for viruses onion yellow dwarf (OYDV - Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus) and virus genus Carlavirus (GCLV - Common Garlic Latent Virus). Then the sound material was sterilized, cultured and then it was obtained meristem. Cultivation of preparation meristem was realised according available methodologies. After preparation meristem put on MS medium with vitamins and growth regulator IAA, NAA and BAP.

The experiment was done at Faculty of Horticulture in Lednice, at the Mendeleum-Institute of genetics. The plant materil was obtained from the technical isolation in Lednice. Four selected grape varieties ('MT' 25/7, 20/52'PM','CR2' 1/48,'K 5BB') as primary culture and multiplied in selected media. All varieties were grown at the same temperature and light conditions. MS medium combined with BA (0.7 mg.l-1), IAA (0.1 mg.l-1) was chosen for the primary culture. The pH was adjusted to 5.8. After the establishment of primary cultures, only the variety 'CR 2' 1/48 survived. In the other varieties ('MT' 07/25, 20/52 and 'PM''K 5BB') infection by fungal and bacterial infections, hyperhydratation, no proliferation of shoots and necrosed individual segments were observed. Variety'CR2' was (after the establishment of primary cultures) multiplied onfive media; DKW combination of BA (0.6 mg.l-1), IBA (0.01 mg.l-1), MS in combination with BA (3.0 mg.l-1), NAA (0, 2 mg.l-1), C2D combination of BA (1.5 mg.l-1), MS enriched by BA (1.5 mg.l-1), IBA (1 0 mg.l-1), and LQ combination of BA (0.4 mg.l-1) and NAA (0.01 mg.l-1). Individual media were evaluated separately with the calculation multiplier of 4 passage. C0 medium was evaluated as the most suitable medium for in vitro grapevine multiplication . The lowest number of new formed shoots and also the worst results were observed on C1 medium. The results of the thesis evaluaete the health condition of plants and the multiplication factor on different media. New formed shoots during the ever single passaging was evaluated as well.

Digital steganography is a technique for hiding data mostly into multimedia files (images, audio, video). With the development of information technology this technique has found its use in the field of copyright protection and secret data transfer, could be even applied in places where is limited possibility of using cryptography (e. g. by law). This thesis gives insight into digital steganography and contains an application using this technique.

Michael Haneke est reconnu pour la froideur de sa mise en scène depuis ses premiers films. Le cinéaste a mis en scène plusieurs personnages dans des situations violentes, personnages entourés de média. Le présent projet vise à identifier l’évolution de la démarche du cinéaste dans la représentation des média au sein de ses œuvres. Pour ce faire, j’ai déterminé trois phases dans sa filmographie. À l’aide de trois cadres théoriques distincts, je préciserai ces trois étapes : l’observation, à l’aide des écrits de Marshall McLuhan ; son passage à l’acte, avec les théories d’interaction du microsociologue Erving Goffman et ; l’affirmation, une possible solution par l’accompagnement avec les écrits de Serge Tisseron et Marie-José Mondzain. Je tenterai de déterminer, par l’analyse des films de Michael Haneke, que ces différentes phases dans sa filmographie visent l’éducation morale des spectateurs face à l’image. / Michael Haneke is best known for his stark mise en scène, beginning with his earliest theatrical release. Onscreen, the filmmaker has depicted several characters in violent situations, whom are often in a densely mediatic environment. The following work seeks to identify the evolution of his artistic process concerning the presence of media in his cinematographic universe; to this effect, I have identified three distinct phases in his filmography. Using a different theoretical framework for each one, I will attempt to outline and define all three periods, namely: observation, with the writings of Marshall McLuhan; action, with Erving Goffman’s works on interaction and; assertion, a possible answer to the issue of guiding the viewer in the act of watching images with the writings of Serge Tisseron and Marie-José Mondzain. I will demonstrate, through analyses of Haneke’s films, that these different phases within his filmography ultimately serve the director’s intent to morally educate the viewers.

Cette recherche s'intéresse à l'écriture en tant que système de contraintes avec pour objectif d'étudier le fonctionnement des contraintes liées au genre et au médium de production dans une perspective didactique. S'appuyant sur l'approche bakhtinienne de la notion de genre et sur les analyses psycholinguistiques de l'écriture, elle s'est proposé d'observer en recourant aux méthodes issues de la critique génétique la manière dont les scripteurs novices traitents ces deux contraintes à travers trois expérimentations, deux menées auprès de lycéens en 2003-2004 et 2004-2005 et une menée auprès de scripteurs experts, des professeurs des écoles stagiaires en 2004-2005. La tâche consistait à produire, en écriture manuscrite ou sur traitement de texte, des textes à partir de l'incipit puis de l'excipit d'une nouvelle aux indices génériques flous ou contradictoires, afin de permettre au chercheur de mesurer d'une part l'impact de la préhension des marques de généricité, d'autre part l'impact du médium de producxtion sur la cohérence macrostructurelle et la "qualité" des suites de texte produites. Les constats opérés ont donné lieu à des propositions concernant les activités d'écriture à mettre en place au lycée pour apporter une aide efficace aux adolescents, notamment pour les initier à l'écriture de textes ou de métatextes conformes à ceux qu'ils devront produire à l'épreuve de français au baccalauréat (EAF). Loin d'épuiser le sujet, la recherche a permis de confirmer certaines avancées issues de travaux de linguistes, psycholinguistes, généticiens et didactitiens et surtout de montrer comment elles s'appliquent aux écrits des scripteurs en formation que sont les lycéens / This study which deals with the writing process as a system of formal exigencies, aims at analysing those relative to genre and those relative to the means of production. Taking Bakhtin's approach to the notion of genre along with the findings from psycholinguistic studies of written production, using genetic critic methodology, it was observed in three experiments - two of then carried out in 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 amonf "novice" writers and another among trainee primary teatchers ("expert" writers) - how first year pupils deal with these two formal exigencies. Their task was to produce hand written or word processed texts first from the "incipit", then from the "excipit" content of a novel with vague or contradictory indications of genre, in order to allow the researcher to evaluate, on the one hand, how effectively they aprrehend characteristics pertaining to genre and, on the other, whether the means of production have an impact on macrostructural cohesion and "quality" of the series of texts produced. The results question which type of writing activities should be put into practice in high schools to effectively help adolescents, especially in introducing them to writing the type of texts or metatexts which they will have to produce for their baccalaureat French language exam (EAF). Although not an exaustive study these findings have nonetheless confirmed some of the research results of linguists, psycholinguists, geneticists and researchers on Composition Theory and, most significantly, have shown how there results can be useful in analysing the texts of learner writers