This study investigates the performance of concrete sidewalks placed using hot and cold weather concreting practices. The effect that curing methods, types of deicers, and supplementary cementitious material content have on the scaling resistance of concrete is examined in the laboratory and the field. After one winter, petrographic analysis was conducted on the cores from the sidewalk panels. The results from field evaluation indicate that the concrete sidewalks placed using hot weather concreting showed better resistance against scaling than those placed using cold weather concreting. The results also suggest that the effect of curing method depends on the concreting procedure type. The results confirm the maximum limits recommended by ACI 201.2R Guide for Durable Concrete, the mix proportions with fly ash less than 25% and slag less than 50% have shown better scaling resistance. Based on the petrographic analysis, a correlation between the properties of concrete determined through petrography and scaling on a sidewalk could not be determined.

The diploma thesis deals with the construction technological project of a polyfunctional building in Brno. The project contains schedule, cost estimate, the plan of building site equipment and the proposal for machinery. To be more specific, the work concerns the main building SO01 focusing on the stage of Berlin shoring construction and vertical load-bearing structure. The risk assessment, specialization concerning the sprinkler system and the technology maintenance using reconstruction are also included.

A aplicação de Ensaios Não Destrutivos (END) é considerada uma alternativa para monitorar o estado das estruturas de concreto armado, principalmente quando ocorrem falhas de projeto, erros de dosagem, problemas na mistura, transporte ou lançamento do concreto. A medida da Velocidade de Pulso Ultrassônico (VPU) é um END que vem sendo usado comumente em diversas áreas da engenharia civil, devido à facilidade da operação, ao seu baixo custo, à rapidez na execução dos testes e à ausência de danos ao material analisado. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em apresentar o resultado de uma pesquisa experimental, que visou estudar a influência que determinadas variáveis operacionais exercem sobre os resultados obtidos nos ensaios de VPU e qual a real capacidade de penetração e detecção de defeitos de diversas magnitudes. As medições foram realizadas utilizando o ultrassom pelo modo de transmissão indireta, pois esta é a alternativa que mais se adapta às condições verificadas no exame de estruturas reais de concreto armado. Primeiramente, foram moldados em laboratório dois blocos de concreto, com dimensões próximas às encontradas em estruturas reais de grande porte: um com armadura nas duas faces e outro sem armadura. Em ambos os elementos foram introduzidos objetos para simular possíveis falhas de concretagem. Em uma segunda etapa, foram realizadas perfurações visando identificar a capacidade de detecção de vazios da técnica de VPU para diferentes profundidades. Os resultados são apresentados na forma de imagens geradas através de software e por meio de analises estatísticas. Este estudo verificou que a escolha dos parâmetros de ensaio é um fator determinante para permitir a interpretação correta dos resultados, salientando-se que a experiência do operador e as dimensões de grid são os parâmetros que mais interferem na interpretação dos dados. / The use of Non-destructive Testing (NDT) methods is considered an alternative to monitor the behaviour of reinforced concrete structures, especially when there are design problems or errors related to concrete mixing, transport, placement and casting errors. The Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) method is a Non-Destructive Test that is gaining acceptance. The test has been commonly used in various civil engineering areas due to the fact that it is easy to operate and rapid to perform, and to the low cost and lack of damage to the tested material. The objective of this work is to present the results of an experimental research that aimed to study the influence of certain technological variables on the measurements obtained from UPV tests. The work also aims to gather data to assess the penetration capacity of the US waves and their ability to detect defects of various dimensions. The measurements were performed using the indirect transmission mode, to simulate real work conditions on large structures. Firstly, two massive concrete blocks were cast in the laboratory, with dimensions close to real life structures: one with steel reinforcement on both sides and the other without reinforcement. Objects were introduced in both elements to simulate possible defects due to casting. In a second stage, perforations were conducted in the concrete elements to identify the void detection capability of the UPV technique for different depths. The results are presented by images generated by specific software and by using statistical analysis. This study found that the test parameters influence significantly the correct interpretation of the results. The operator experience and the grid dimensions are the parameters that most influence UPV data analysis.

A aplicação de Ensaios Não Destrutivos (END) é considerada uma alternativa para monitorar o estado das estruturas de concreto armado, principalmente quando ocorrem falhas de projeto, erros de dosagem, problemas na mistura, transporte ou lançamento do concreto. A medida da Velocidade de Pulso Ultrassônico (VPU) é um END que vem sendo usado comumente em diversas áreas da engenharia civil, devido à facilidade da operação, ao seu baixo custo, à rapidez na execução dos testes e à ausência de danos ao material analisado. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em apresentar o resultado de uma pesquisa experimental, que visou estudar a influência que determinadas variáveis operacionais exercem sobre os resultados obtidos nos ensaios de VPU e qual a real capacidade de penetração e detecção de defeitos de diversas magnitudes. As medições foram realizadas utilizando o ultrassom pelo modo de transmissão indireta, pois esta é a alternativa que mais se adapta às condições verificadas no exame de estruturas reais de concreto armado. Primeiramente, foram moldados em laboratório dois blocos de concreto, com dimensões próximas às encontradas em estruturas reais de grande porte: um com armadura nas duas faces e outro sem armadura. Em ambos os elementos foram introduzidos objetos para simular possíveis falhas de concretagem. Em uma segunda etapa, foram realizadas perfurações visando identificar a capacidade de detecção de vazios da técnica de VPU para diferentes profundidades. Os resultados são apresentados na forma de imagens geradas através de software e por meio de analises estatísticas. Este estudo verificou que a escolha dos parâmetros de ensaio é um fator determinante para permitir a interpretação correta dos resultados, salientando-se que a experiência do operador e as dimensões de grid são os parâmetros que mais interferem na interpretação dos dados. / The use of Non-destructive Testing (NDT) methods is considered an alternative to monitor the behaviour of reinforced concrete structures, especially when there are design problems or errors related to concrete mixing, transport, placement and casting errors. The Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) method is a Non-Destructive Test that is gaining acceptance. The test has been commonly used in various civil engineering areas due to the fact that it is easy to operate and rapid to perform, and to the low cost and lack of damage to the tested material. The objective of this work is to present the results of an experimental research that aimed to study the influence of certain technological variables on the measurements obtained from UPV tests. The work also aims to gather data to assess the penetration capacity of the US waves and their ability to detect defects of various dimensions. The measurements were performed using the indirect transmission mode, to simulate real work conditions on large structures. Firstly, two massive concrete blocks were cast in the laboratory, with dimensions close to real life structures: one with steel reinforcement on both sides and the other without reinforcement. Objects were introduced in both elements to simulate possible defects due to casting. In a second stage, perforations were conducted in the concrete elements to identify the void detection capability of the UPV technique for different depths. The results are presented by images generated by specific software and by using statistical analysis. This study found that the test parameters influence significantly the correct interpretation of the results. The operator experience and the grid dimensions are the parameters that most influence UPV data analysis.

A aplicação de Ensaios Não Destrutivos (END) é considerada uma alternativa para monitorar o estado das estruturas de concreto armado, principalmente quando ocorrem falhas de projeto, erros de dosagem, problemas na mistura, transporte ou lançamento do concreto. A medida da Velocidade de Pulso Ultrassônico (VPU) é um END que vem sendo usado comumente em diversas áreas da engenharia civil, devido à facilidade da operação, ao seu baixo custo, à rapidez na execução dos testes e à ausência de danos ao material analisado. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em apresentar o resultado de uma pesquisa experimental, que visou estudar a influência que determinadas variáveis operacionais exercem sobre os resultados obtidos nos ensaios de VPU e qual a real capacidade de penetração e detecção de defeitos de diversas magnitudes. As medições foram realizadas utilizando o ultrassom pelo modo de transmissão indireta, pois esta é a alternativa que mais se adapta às condições verificadas no exame de estruturas reais de concreto armado. Primeiramente, foram moldados em laboratório dois blocos de concreto, com dimensões próximas às encontradas em estruturas reais de grande porte: um com armadura nas duas faces e outro sem armadura. Em ambos os elementos foram introduzidos objetos para simular possíveis falhas de concretagem. Em uma segunda etapa, foram realizadas perfurações visando identificar a capacidade de detecção de vazios da técnica de VPU para diferentes profundidades. Os resultados são apresentados na forma de imagens geradas através de software e por meio de analises estatísticas. Este estudo verificou que a escolha dos parâmetros de ensaio é um fator determinante para permitir a interpretação correta dos resultados, salientando-se que a experiência do operador e as dimensões de grid são os parâmetros que mais interferem na interpretação dos dados. / The use of Non-destructive Testing (NDT) methods is considered an alternative to monitor the behaviour of reinforced concrete structures, especially when there are design problems or errors related to concrete mixing, transport, placement and casting errors. The Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) method is a Non-Destructive Test that is gaining acceptance. The test has been commonly used in various civil engineering areas due to the fact that it is easy to operate and rapid to perform, and to the low cost and lack of damage to the tested material. The objective of this work is to present the results of an experimental research that aimed to study the influence of certain technological variables on the measurements obtained from UPV tests. The work also aims to gather data to assess the penetration capacity of the US waves and their ability to detect defects of various dimensions. The measurements were performed using the indirect transmission mode, to simulate real work conditions on large structures. Firstly, two massive concrete blocks were cast in the laboratory, with dimensions close to real life structures: one with steel reinforcement on both sides and the other without reinforcement. Objects were introduced in both elements to simulate possible defects due to casting. In a second stage, perforations were conducted in the concrete elements to identify the void detection capability of the UPV technique for different depths. The results are presented by images generated by specific software and by using statistical analysis. This study found that the test parameters influence significantly the correct interpretation of the results. The operator experience and the grid dimensions are the parameters that most influence UPV data analysis.

Im vorgestellten Beitrag wird der Einfluss von Erschütterungen auf den jungen Beton systematisch und anhand von realistischen Versuchen an Kleinkörpern aus unbewehrtem und bewehrtem Beton behandelt. Die kontrollierte dynamische Anregung erfolgt künstlich mit dem AIT-Schwingungsgenerator. Die Proben (zwei verschiedene Betonsorten: „Standard-Brückenbeton“ B3-C30/37 und „Randbalkenbeton“ B7-C25/30) werden während der Erhärtungsphase systematisch mit harmonischen als auch mit realen verkehrsinduzierten Brückenschwingungsverläufen beaufschlagt. Variiert werden Intensitäten und Frequenzgehalt sowie Signalform. Im Anschluss werden die Materialparameter bestimmt und mit ruhend gelagerten Referenzköpern verglichen. Erste Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die mechanischen Eigenschaften Druckfestigkeit und E-Modul wenig oder nur gering beeinflusst werden. Dauerhaftigkeitstests und Untersuchungen am Mikrogefüge dienen dazu, Fehler, Risse und Veränderungen im Gefüge zu identifizieren und werden im laufenden Forschungsprojekt noch weiter durchgeführt. Auswirkungen auf den Verbund zwischen Beton und Bewehrung werden durch Auszugversuche analysiert. Bei diesen Versuchen wurden bei größeren Relativbewegungen zwischen Beton und Bewehrungsstab Abnahmen der mittleren Verbundfestigkeit beobachtet. Bei geringeren Relativverschiebungen (Amplituden von ca. 0,14 mm bei Dauerverkehr) konnte die Verbundfestigkeit hingegen sogar gesteigert werden.

The subject of this diploma thesis is processing of a construction technological project for the preparation of the realization of a high-rise residential building in Bratislava. The thesis is based on construction technology solution. The content of thesis is a technical report, coordination situation with broader transport relations, time and financial plan, study of realization of technological stages, solution of construction organization including drawing of construction site, design of main construction machines and mechanisms, technological regulation for upsite monolithic construction, control and testing plan, item budget, detail of relief elements of the ceiling structure, drawing of the formwork of the ceiling structural floor, specific research in the field of tower cranes.

The subject of this final thesis is to process selected parts of the construction technological project for the apartment house Eden in Poprad. The thesis deals with the implementation of the rough construction of the building. The content of this thesis is a engineering report, site plan with estate road layout, time schedule and financial plan for the whole object, feasibility study of the main technological stages of the building, construction site equipment project with drawings of three main technological stages, design of major construction machinery and mechanisms, time schedule of the rough construction of the main building, balance of workers and main machines, item budget, technological regulation for the realization of monolithic floor slab, control and test plan for the realization of monolithic reinforced concrete structures. As another assignment, I process selected points of LEED certification, noise study and health and safety plan.

The subject of the diploma thesis is the elaboration of the technological project of the multifunctional building DASS in Martin. It is a two-storey building that will serve for the needs of DASS company. The diploma thesis assesses the building as a whole and focuses on selected technological processes. The work consists of the technical report, study of the implementation of the main technological stages of the main building, technological regulations for monolithic reinforced concrete horizontal structures and for vegetation flat roof, design of main construction machines and mechanisms, design and assessment of lifting mechanism and control-test plans for structures from technological regulations. Furthermore, a time and financial plan is developed. Than staff balance and a schedule of selected technological processes of the main building is processed. At the same time a construction site project, a health and safety plan, a noise study and LEED 2009 CORE & SHELL are prepared for the construction of a multifunctional building. The work is further supplemented by a specialization focused on the analysis of the contribution of green roofs on energy efficiency of buildings.

The diploma thesis deals with the design of a bridge in Most. It bridges the railway line and the river Bílina. Three possible variants have been proposed. One of the variants has been selected and further elaborated. The solved variant was an arc with a suspended pre-stressed bridge beam. The supporting element is a reinforced concrete backbone. The construction is built on a ring. Static analysis partly includes the effect of phased construction. The design was assessed according to EN.