This study used mediation analysis to evaluate Beck’s model and Abramson’s model in a sample of 198 girls, in the 4th through 7th grades. Data from diagnostic interviews were used to create a continuous measure of depressive symptoms. Self-report measures, including the Life Events Checklist, the Cognitive Triad Inventory for Children, and the Children’s Cognitive Style Questionnaire, were used to assess perceptions of negative life events, Beck’s cognitive triad, and Abramson’s cognitive inferential style, respectively. Results of separate mediation analyses supported both Beck’s and Abramson’s cognitive theories of depression in children. There was a significant indirect effect of life events through Beck’s cognitive triad on symptoms of depression. Similarly, there was a significant indirect effect of life events through Abramson’s negative cognitive inferential style on depressive symptoms. Higher depressive symptoms were associated with a more depressotypic cognitive triad, a more depressotypic cognitive inferential style, and a greater number and greater magnitude of negative life events. Developmentally-sensitive analyses using the weakest link approach and moderated mediation (conditional process) analysis found support for both Beck’s and Abramson’s models. However, there was also some support for the developmental hypothesis that in younger children negative life events can have a direct effect on symptoms of depression; for the 4th graders in this study, direct effects and indirect effects were significant. However, for the 5th, 6th, and 7th graders indirect effects were significant, but direct effects ceased to be significant. Implications and suggestions for future research are provided. / text

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(エネルギー科学) / 甲第21188号 / エネ博第362号 / 新制||エネ||71(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー社会・環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 石原 慶一, 教授 東野 達, 教授 吉田 純 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Energy Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Despite the federal government’s $1.5 billion investment between 1993 and 2010 to fund 164 separate community-based systems of care, there has been an extremely limited attempt to measure the impact of system of care. The impetus for this research is the struggle for how the value based concept of system of care is communicated within a community. While child mental health services researchers have published a number of randomized control trials to explore individual level supports for youth served in a system of care community, researchers have struggled to devise a way to measure system of care philosophy diffusion. While system of care is a system level intervention, this study explored the role of the system of care value: family voice as it pertains to direct practice for children and families. The goal was to assess whether specific direct practices regularly associated with system of care (i.e., wraparound or home-based services) lead to greater family voice or if the mere presence of a high-functioning system of care community leads to equal family voice for all receiving community-based services. The primary finding was a relationship between the perception of family functioning and perceived empowerment/self-efficacy. This finding suggests that as functioning improves, so does a caregiver’s perception of their personal empowerment/ self-efficacy. While the framing of this study was to “unpack” the system of care value of family voice, the findings do not support any clear cut explanation for how family voice is promoted or communicated to families. Based on the findings, it appears as if families feel more empowered as their child improves. Additional research needs to be done on the application of family voice within the practice setting to better understand how to best instruct staff to infuse family voice in their daily practice.

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