Thesis (M. Nurs.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007.

Leung, Yat Chi Stephanie. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-90). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / 摘要（ABSTRACT IN CHINESE) --- p.ii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF TABLES --- p.v / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vi / Chapter CHAPTER I: --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / PREVALENCE OF STDS --- p.1 / CONDOM USE AS AN EFFECTIVE PROTECTION AGAINST STDS --- p.4 / CURRENT RESEARCH ON CONDOM USE --- p.5 / PROPOSED MODEL --- p.7 / "ATTITUDE, SUBJECTIVE NORM, PERCEIVED BEHAVIORAL CONTROL, AND BEHAVIORAL INTENTION" --- p.7 / FEAR OF AIDS --- p.10 / CONDOM USE KNOWLEDGE --- p.12 / RELATIONSHIP POWER --- p.14 / RELATIONSHIP COMMITMENT --- p.17 / DYADIC SEXUAL COMMUNICATION --- p.19 / OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY --- p.22 / Chapter CHAPTER II: --- METHOD --- p.25 / PARTICIPANTS --- p.25 / PROCEDURE --- p.27 / MEASURES --- p.28 / ANALYSES --- p.33 / Chapter CHAPTER III: --- RESULTS --- p.35 / CONDOM USE PATTERNS --- p.35 / DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS --- p.36 / MEDIATING ROLE OF CONDOM USE INTENTION --- p.40 / DECOMPOSITION OF THE EFFECT OF SUBJECTIVE NORMS --- p.42 / MULTI-SAMPLE INVARIANCE ANALYSIS --- p.43 / Chapter CHAPTER IV: --- DISCUSSION --- p.54 / CONDOM USE CONSISTENCY AMONG PARTICIPANTS --- p.54 / DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CONSISTENT AND NON-CONSISTENT CONDOM USERS --- p.56 / UTILITY OF THE PROPOSED MODEL --- p.56 / "ATTITUDES, SUBJECTIVE NORMS, PERCEIVED BEHAVIORAL CONTROL, INTENTIONS AND CONDOM USE" --- p.57 / FEAR OF AIDS AND CONDOM USE --- p.58 / CONDOM USE KNOWLEDGE AND CONDOM USE --- p.59 / RELATIONSHIP POWER AND CONDOM USE --- p.60 / RELATIONSHIP COMMITMENT AND CONDOM USE --- p.61 / DYADIC SEXUAL COMMUNICATION AND CONDOM USE --- p.63 / APPLICABILITY OF THE PROPOSED MODEL ACROSS GENDER AND SEXUAL ORIENTATION --- p.64 / LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY --- p.68 / IMPLICATIONS FOR FURTUER RESEARCH --- p.70 / REFERENCES --- p.73

OBJECTIVE: To examine the past-year prevalence and frequency of condom use and to identify correlates of condom use among young, unattached heterosexual Ontarians. METHODS: Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the 1996/97 Ontario Health Survey (OHS), a cross-sectional, random digit-dialling (RDD) survey of 36,892 Ontario residents of households with a telephone line. RESULTS: Between 1996 and 1997, 61.3% (95% CI=58.5%-64.1%) of the study sample (aged 15-44, n=1,949) reported consistent (always) condom use and 11.8% (95% CI=10.2%-13.5%) reported never using condoms. Significant correlates included, for both sexes, health planning region, age, ethnic origin, and type of smoker; for females only, socio-economic status, age at first sexual intercourse, and past-month oral contraceptive use ; and for males only, number of past-year sexual partners, HIV testing history, and past-year frequency of religious attendance. CONCLUSIONS: Findings constitute a cross-sectional component for examining the long-term trend of condom use in Ontario.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the past-year prevalence and frequency of condom use and to identify correlates of condom use among young, unattached heterosexual Ontarians. METHODS: Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the 1996/97 Ontario Health Survey (OHS), a cross-sectional, random digit-dialling (RDD) survey of 36,892 Ontario residents of households with a telephone line. RESULTS: Between 1996 and 1997, 61.3% (95% CI=58.5%-64.1%) of the study sample (aged 15-44, n=1,949) reported consistent (always) condom use and 11.8% (95% CI=10.2%-13.5%) reported never using condoms. Significant correlates included, for both sexes, health planning region, age, ethnic origin, and type of smoker; for females only, socio-economic status, age at first sexual intercourse, and past-month oral contraceptive use ; and for males only, number of past-year sexual partners, HIV testing history, and past-year frequency of religious attendance. CONCLUSIONS: Findings constitute a cross-sectional component for examining the long-term trend of condom use in Ontario.

Background Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and the epidemic from Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) have spread rapidly in China. Very few studies have investigated the barriers of condoms among adolescents in China Objectives To find out the barriers of condom use among Chinese adolescents according to reviewing primary studies’ outcome conducted recent 10 years and to give advise for improvement for public health policy makers. Methods Articles were searched by using electronic sources: “PubMed”, “Google Scholar”, “China Journal full-text data base”. Keywords are “China”, “adolescent (teenagers*)”, “sexual behavior”, “condom use”, “attitude”, combined with “AND”. Language used in PUBMED and Google Scholar is English, and Chinese is used in “China Journal full-text data base(CJFD)”. Results This literature review has 6 studies for evidence-based analysis.9 categories of barriers have been summarized according to primary studies. Embarrassment of getting condoms, affect feelings, money, trust crisis, occasional sex would not lead to pregnant are most common reasons. Conclusion The embarrassment of getting a condom, occasional sex would not lead to pregnancy, trust crisis and less sexual knowledge are the most common barriers of condom use according studies. Thus, school education, parent communication and community based sex education are demanded for promoting safe sex behavior for adolescents in china. / published_or_final_version / Public Health / Master / Master of Public Health

Within Canada, young adults have been identified as being at high risk for sexually transmitted infections (STI). One major contributing factor is inconsistent condom use, particularly within monogamous relationships (Civic, 2000; Critelli & Suire, 1998; Misovich, Fisher & Fisher, 1997; Winfield & Whaley, 2005). This research used qualitative methods to investigate the process by which young women rationalize inconsistent condom use and the relational influences that aid in this transition. A sample of fifteen women (between 18-24 years of age) were surveyed and interviewed. Using grounded theory analysis, the results indicated that the process of discontinuing condoms is multifaceted. Within relationships, unprotected sex comes to signify developmental milestones for the couple. It is associated with desirable relationship characteristics of commitment, trust, intimacy and fidelity. The results suggest that health promotion interventions should emphasize the high risk for STI posed by using condoms inconsistently within the monogamous relationships of young adults.

Within Canada, young adults have been identified as being at high risk for sexually transmitted infections (STI). One major contributing factor is inconsistent condom use, particularly within monogamous relationships (Civic, 2000; Critelli & Suire, 1998; Misovich, Fisher & Fisher, 1997; Winfield & Whaley, 2005). This research used qualitative methods to investigate the process by which young women rationalize inconsistent condom use and the relational influences that aid in this transition. A sample of fifteen women (between 18-24 years of age) were surveyed and interviewed. Using grounded theory analysis, the results indicated that the process of discontinuing condoms is multifaceted. Within relationships, unprotected sex comes to signify developmental milestones for the couple. It is associated with desirable relationship characteristics of commitment, trust, intimacy and fidelity. The results suggest that health promotion interventions should emphasize the high risk for STI posed by using condoms inconsistently within the monogamous relationships of young adults.

published_or_final_version / Nursing Studies / Master / Master of Nursing in Advanced Practice

This study proposes that health beliefs and self-efficacy are related to condom use among college students. An anonymous survey, developed to pursue correlates of condom use, was administered to 370 college students. The survey consisted of a variety of single- item measures of demographics and sexual behaviors, as well as measures which assessed self-efficacy, perceived benefits and barriers of condom use, and perceived susceptibility and severity of HIV/AIDS. Correlation and regression analysis was conducted to test the relationship between these variables and condom use. The results show that certain dimensions of self-efficacy were positively related to condom use. Measures assessing perceived barriers to condom use were negatively related to condom use. Scale development issues, implications of these findings and recommendations for future research are presented. / Master of Science

A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (Clinical Psychology) in the Department of Psychology University of Zululand, 2004. / The present research investigated the attitudes and perceptions on condom-use among male and female students of the University of Zululand (main campus). The sample (N=100) consisted of male (N=68) and female (N=32) students, whose ages ranged from 17 to 44 years. The sample consisted of English, Sothor Tsonga, Swazi, Ndebele, and mainly Zulu speaking students (74%). Although a significant difference was found in perceptions of male and. female students on condom use on some items on sexual satisfaction, no significant differences were found in their perceptions on condom use in relation to health hazards and sexual interest.