Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-06-29T15:07:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Ellison Neves de Lima.pdf: 2220112 bytes, checksum: c162c2bc01bd992deeae26d6a7891ccd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-29T15:07:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Ellison Neves de Lima.pdf: 2220112 bytes, checksum: c162c2bc01bd992deeae26d6a7891ccd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 / CNPq / O Papilomavírus humano (HPV) é um vírus causador de verrugas genitais. Estimase que até 80% das mulheres adquiram uma infecção pelo HPV durante sua vida, sendo os vírus tipo 6 e 11 responsáveis por 70% dos casos. A infecção persistente pelo HPV é considerada com a mais importante causa do câncer do colo de útero. O cidofovir é um análogo de nucleosídeo, ativo contra DNA vírus, que inibem a polimerase do DNA viral por seu difosfato metabólito. Estudos “off-label” demonstraram que a aplicação tópica do cidofovir inibiu ou preveniu o desenvolvimento de papilomas. Sabendo que não há padronização da concentração do cidofovir ou forma farmacêutica para aplicação tópica, este trabalho objetiva estudar o desenvolvimento de formas farmacêuticas emulsionadas e microemulsionadas contendo ou não promotores de permeação, realizar a caracterização físico-química destas formulações e realizar estudos de liberação utilizando membrana sintética e permeação cutânea através da pele de orelha de porco. Nas preparações desenvolvidas avaliou-se o pH, viscosidade, aspecto organoléptico, tamanho de gotículas e exclusivamente para as microemulsões: condutividade, índice de refração, potencial zeta e microscopia de luz polarizada. Para a quantificação das amostras nos estudos de liberação e permeação utilizou-se as técnicas de espectrofotometria por ultravioleta e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detecção por ultravioleta, respectivamente. Nos estudos de liberação e permeação observou perfis semelhantes entre as formulações, porém notou-se que as formulações microemulsionadas tiveram melhor retenção tanto no estrato córneo quanto na derme e epiderme. Constatou-se que a utilização dos promotores de permeação não incrementaram as quantidades permeadas e retidas do fármaco na pele. / The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus that causes genital warts. It is estimated that up to 80% of women acquire an HPV infection during their lifetime, virus type 6 and 11 are responsible for 70% of cases. Persistent infection with HPV is considered the most important cause of cancer of the cervix. Cidofovir is a nucleoside analogue, active against DNA viruses, which inhibit viral DNA polymerase by its diphosphate metabolite. Studies "off-label" demonstrated that topical application of cidofovir inhibited or prevented the development of papillomas. Knowing that there is no standardization of the concentration of cidofovir or pharmaceutical form for topical application, this paper aims to study the development of dosage forms and emulsified microemulsion with or without permeation enhancers, perform physical-chemical characterization of these formulations and release studies using membrane synthetic skin permeation through pig ear skin. In preparations developed evaluated the pH, viscosity, sensory aspect, droplet size and solely for microemulsions: conductivity, refractive index, zeta potential and polarized light microscopy. To quantify the samples studied release and permeation techniques was used for ultraviolet spectrophotometric and high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection, respectively. In studies of release and permeation observed similar profiles among formulations, however noted that microemulsion formulations were much better retention in the stratum corneum and in the epidermis and dermis. It was found that the use of permeation enhancers did not increase the amount of drug permeated and retained on the skin.

A key effect of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is to disrupt the normal cell cycle in order to subvert the cellular DNA replication machinery. Morphologically, condylomata induced by high and low risk HPV types cannot be distinguished and many studies have shown that the pattern of viral gene expression is similar in condylomata caused by both high risk and low risk HPV types. Detailed morphological study of cell cycle protein expression has not previously been performed on condylomata infected with low risk HPV types. The findings presented suggest that the mechanisms employed by low risk HPV6 or HPV11 to subvert cellular functions in condylomata acuminata are similar to those employed by high risk HPVs, with the exception of cyclin D1 and p53 protein over-expression. The differences in p53 expression and cyclin D1 expression seen between high and low risk HPV infection, reflect the known differences between high and low risk types and are in agreement with the known differences between high risk and low risk E6 and E7 proteins. PHK transduction studies demonstrated HPV E6 and E7 induce changes in cell cycle protein expression and that there are differences in cell cycle abrogation between HPV6 and HPV16. Disruption of the p53-MDM2 interaction can lead to activation of the p53 pathway. HPV infected lesions almost always contain wild-type p53. The binding of HPV E6 to p53, and its subsequent targeting for degradation, prevents activation of the p53 pathway in HPV infected cells. Cells over expressing HPV genes were treated with Nutlin-3, a MDM2-small molecule antagonist. The findings presented suggest treatment with Nutlin-3 induces cell cycle arrest in cells expressing HPV16 E7 and HPV6 E6 and HPV6 E7. This suggests a potential role for Nutlin-3 in the treatment of HPV infected cells.