Diss. (sammanfattning)--Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

M.Tech. / Estimates extrapolated from the UK, USA and Canada, suggest a prevalence of chronic constipation in South Africa of approximately 700-720,000 in a population of 44 million (Cure Research, 2007). According to Rivkin and Chagan (2006) these US statistics do not accurately represent the true incidence of the problem which is predominantly self managed. The yearly US sale of over the counter laxatives exceeds $600 million (2006). Allopathic treatments only temporarily alleviate constipation, and overuse of laxatives results in many side-effects. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of Constipation 6c®, in the treatment of symptoms of functional chronic constipation, in females using the modified Rome II criteria for chronic constipation. This double blinded study was conducted using matched pairs. Thirty female participants between the ages of 18-35 were recruited using advertisements placed at the Health Training Centre on the UJ Doornfontien campus and Weleda Pharmacy (Fourways). The study was conducted over six weeks, during which time the participants attended weekly consultations. At the first consultation participants signed an information and consent form (Appendix B). For the first week no medication was administrated, however participants were asked to complete a daily recording sheet rating their symptoms (Appendix D) based on the modified Rome II criteria for chronic functional constipation. At the second visit participants were match-paired according to age, severity of symptoms and duration of symptoms (Appendix K). Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental or the placebo group by an independent administrator. During the follow up consultations participants received the complex homoeopathic remedy, Constipation 6c® or placebo, and were instructed to take five pillules three times a day, and to record changes in symptoms on the daily recording sheet (Appendix D). At each follow up visit, the researcher collected the daily recording sheets, completed a focused physical examination and documented any changes in symptoms.

No description available.

Constipation is a multifactorial digestive disorder highly prevailing among the hospitalized elderly Orthopaedic patients. Unlike Western countries, laxative therapy is used to be the first line remedy for constipation in many hospitals of Hong Kong although fiber-rich diet has been proven by numerous studies as the best alternative with low cost and less complications. This dissertation is a translational nursing research which aims at formulating a programme of using fiber-rich food products for relieving constipation in elderly Orthopaedic patients, based on the best available research evidences. It was started with an integrated and systematic review of papers studying the dietary interventions for relieving constipation and reducing laxative consumption in elderly with ADL dependency. Seven relevant studies were identified and critically appraised using the methodology checklist for RCTs designed by Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). After summarizing and synthesizing the data, three dietary interventions with 1+ level of evidence were concluded as the most effective strategies for eradicating the clinical issue. Following assessment of the implementation potential of the proposed innovation in designated clinical setting in terms of transferability, feasibility and cost-benefit ratio, an evidence-based dietary fiber enrichment programme was developed with recommendations for patient recruitment, intervention and evaluation. Furthermore, to assure a smooth change of practice and to determine the effectiveness of the programme, comprehensive plans of communication with different stakeholders, pilot study and evaluation were also subsequently established. With this evidence-based programme, the prevalence of functional constipation and laxative consumption are hoped to be reduced in elderly Orthopaedic patients. / published_or_final_version / Nursing Studies / Master / Master of Nursing

Diss. (sammanfattning)--Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 6 uppsatser. Sammanfattningen även utg. som: Acta radiologica. Supplementum ; 413.

Diss. (sammanfattning)--Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

M.Tech.

Thesis (M.A.)--Northern Kentucky University, 2006. / Made available through ProQuest. Publication number: AAT 1438635. ProQuest document ID: 1203575551. Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-42).

Orientador: Claudio Saddy Rodrigues Coy / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T21:58:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Benetti_ThaisHelena_M.pdf: 1496239 bytes, checksum: ee10ab6259350492bbd669cdbb4a05b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A constipação intestinal é um sintoma comum na população, sendo mais frequente em mulheres, podendo ser secundária a erro alimentar, distúrbios orgânicos ou funcionais. Dentre estes, destaca-se a discinesia do assoalho pélvico, caracterizada basicamente por ausência de relaxamento ou contração paradoxal da musculatura pélvica e do canal anal no momento da evacuação. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar através de dados manométricos a variação da pressão anal de repouso durante o esforço de evacuação com a manobra de Valsalva e com apnéia pós-expiração forçada em portadores de constipação secundária à discinesia do assoalho pélvico. Foram estudados 21 pacientes, com idade média de 47,5 (23-72) anos, sendo 19 (90,4%) do sexo feminino. O diagnóstico foi realizado através de manometria anorretal com cateter de oito canais dispostos no eixo axial, realizando-se as medidas na porção proximal (1) e distal (2) do canal anal. Para o diagnóstico de discinesia do assoalho pélvico considerou-se a elevação dos valores pressóricos em relação ao repouso com esforço de evacuação. Para a avaliação clínica da constipação empregou-se o escore de Agachan. As variáveis estudadas foram: pressão anal média do canal anal por vinte segundos em repouso (R), ao esforço de evacuação com manobra de Valsalva (V) e ao esforço de evacuação em apnéia após expiração forçada (A), assim como a área sob a curva do traçado manométrico nos momentos V e A. A análise dos valores médios da variação da pressão anal de repouso evidenciou diferença entre os canais proximais e distais (p= 0,007), independente do momento, e tendência à diferença nos momentos V e A (p= 0,06). A média dos valores da área sob a curva do traçado manométrico demonstrou diferença entre os momentos V e A (p= 0,0008), tanto na porção proximal como na porção distal do canal anal. Pode-se concluir que o esforço de evacuação associado à apnéia pós-expiração quando comparada ao esforço de evacuação associado à manobra de Valsalva, proporciona menor contração do canal anal pela análise do parâmetro área sob a curva / Abstract: Intestinal constipation - a common symptom in the general population -, is more frequent in women. It may be secondary to improper diet or organic or functional disturbances, such as dyskinesia of the pelvic floor. This is basically characterized by the absence of relaxation or paradoxical contraction of the pelvic floor and the anal sphincter during evacuation. The aim of this study was to analyze, by manometric data, the anal pressure variation at rest, during evacuation effort by using the Valsalva maneuver and forced postexpiratory apnea in subjects with secondary constipation due to dyskinesia of the pelvic floor. Twenty-one patients (19 females - 90.4%) with mean age of 47.5 years old (23-72) were studied. The diagnosis was performed using anorectal manometry, with a catheter containing eight channels disposed at the axial axis, measuring the proximal (1) and distal (2) portions of the anal orifice. In order to diagnose dyskinesia of the pelvic floor, it was considered the elevation of the pressure values in relation to the resting with the evacuation effort. The Agachan score was used for clinical evaluation of the constipation. The variables studied were: mean anal pressure of the anal orifice for twenty seconds at rest (R) to the effort of evacuation using Valsalva (V) maneuver and to the evacuation effort during apnea after forced expiration (A), as well as the area under the curve of the manometric tracing at the moments V and A. The analysis of the mean values of the anal pressure variation at rest evidenced difference between proximal and distal channels (p= 0.007), independent of the moment and tendency to difference at the moments V and A (p= 0.06). The mean of values of the area under the manometric tracing curve showed difference between the moments V and A (p= 0.0008), either at the proximal portion or at the distal portion of the anal orifice. The conclusion is that the evacuation effort associated with postexpiratory apnea, when compared with the evacuation effort associated with the Valsalva maneuver, provides lower elevation of the anal pressure at rest by the parameter area under curve / Mestrado / Pesquisa Experimental / Mestre em Cirurgia

Orientador: Claudio Saddy Rodrigues Coy / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T06:38:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Yamamoto_LucyJunka_M.pdf: 1210901 bytes, checksum: f8b8277ea067650320a38afa55786f8a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Constipação é um sintoma com conceito amplo. Pode ser primária, em que a causa definida não é encontrada, ou ainda, ser secundária, quando causas específicas são reconhecidas. A constipação primária é um termo coletivo que envolve diferentes desordens funcionais. Dentre estas, a discinesia do assoalho pélvico é caracterizada pela inabilidade de esvaziar o reto durante o esforço de evacuação na ausência de obstrução mecânica. Para melhor diagnóstico, investigação mais específica, principalmente às relacionadas à fisiologia anorretal são necessárias, como a manometria anorretal. O objetivo deste estudo foi a caracterização manométrica de portadores de constipação com e sem elevação dos valores de pressão ao esforço de evacuação. Trinta pacientes com queixa de constipação, com escore de Agachan mínimo 10, foram submetidos à manometria norretal com cateter de oito canais dispostos no eixo axial. Do total, 28 eram do sexo feminino (90%) com média de idade de 51,5 anos (dp = 12,4). Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos, sendo incluídos no G1 os que apresentaram manutenção da elevação da pressão anal ao esforço de evacuação e no G2 os que evidenciaram diminuição destes valores. Para o diagnóstico de discinesia do assoalho pélvico considerou-se a elevação da pressão durante o esforço de evacuação. As variáveis estudadas foram pressão anal em repouso, de contração voluntária e ao esforço de evacuação. A análise dos dados deste estudo, possibilitou identificar com intervalo de confiança de 95% que a diferença de pressão maior que 16,5 mmHg entre as pressões médias de repouso e de evacuação, e a diferença percentual maior que 79,2% na pressão média, e diferença de pressão maior que 16,2 mmHg na pressão máxima, entre o repouso e esforço de evacuação, e a diferença percentual maior que 57,4% na pressão máxima podem identificar portadores de constipação secundária à discinesia do assoalho pélvico / Abstract: Constipation is a symptom with many causes. It can be classified as primary when its cause is unknown or secondary when a specific cause can be pointed out. Primary constipation is a collective term that adds together different disorders. From those, the pelvic floor dyssynergia is characterized by the inability to empty the rectum after straining in the absence of mechanic obstruction. To provide a better diagnosis, specific exams, including anorectal physiology tests are necessary. Anorectal manometry can be taken as an example of those exams. The aim of this study was to describe manometric parameters found in patients with constipation with or without increase in anal pressures during straining. Thirty patients with constipation and Agachan score of at least 10 were evaluated using anorectal manometry (a probe with eight axially oriented channels was employed). They were 28 females (90%), with a mean age of 51,5 (+ 12,4) years. Patients were divided accorded with manometric findings into: Group 1 (G1) which included those that showed sustained increase in anal pressures during straining and Group 2 (G2) which included the patients who presented a decrease in those values. Diagnosis of pelvic floor dyssynergia was made when a increase in anal pressures during straining was found. Resting pressure, maximum squeeze pressure and maximal evacuation effort pressure were evaluated. Data analysis shows with confidence interval of 95% that a difference larger than 16,5 mmHg between median resting and evacuation effort pressure or a percentual difference higher than 79,2% in median pressures and the difference larger than 16,2 mmHg in maximal pressures between rest and straining and the percentual difference higher than 57,4% can identify patients with pelvic floor dyssynergia constipation / Mestrado / Cirurgia / Mestre em Cirurgia